Abstract

提要WiththerapiddevelopmentofGWDCDrillingBranch 'soverseasmarketandbusiness,moreandmorenewemployeesaregettingtobeengagedwithinternationaldrillingactivitieswhoknowlittleaboutHSEorevennevergetintouchwithHSEbasicknowledgebeforetheyenterintoGWDC.Astheconsistentrecognitionandacknowledgementofallofus,GWDC,beinganIADCimportantmember,alwayspayextremeemphasistoitsHSEperformanceandHSEtrainingtoitsChineseandoverseasstaff.隨著長(zhǎng)城公司鉆井分公司海外市場(chǎng)和業(yè)務(wù)的迅速發(fā)展，越來(lái)越多的新員工在加入長(zhǎng)城公司時(shí)，對(duì)從事國(guó)際鉆井作業(yè)相關(guān)的HSE知識(shí)了解甚少，甚至從未接觸。隨著長(zhǎng)城公司的聲譽(yù)不斷擴(kuò)大，并且作為國(guó)際鉆井承包商協(xié)會(huì)的重要成員，長(zhǎng)城公司對(duì)公司旗下中國(guó)員工和海外員工HSE實(shí)踐和HSE培訓(xùn)格外重視。Onthebasisofbeingbrief,easily-understandable,effectiveandcapableofself-teaching,thismanualaimsatthesenewemployeeswiththepurposeofhelpingthemtograspHSEfundamentalideaandbeingequippedwithHSEcommonpracticesinordertomeetHSErequirementfromGWDCclients.ItisasupplementtoGWDCHSEProcedureManualandOperationManual.ThosetwomanualscovertheotherHSEdocumentsandinformationwhereasnotbeingintroducedinthismanual.本著簡(jiǎn)明、易懂、實(shí)用和便于自學(xué)的原則，這本手冊(cè)針對(duì)那些新員工，幫助他們領(lǐng)會(huì)HSE的基本要點(diǎn)，掌握HSE一般實(shí)踐內(nèi)容，從而滿足長(zhǎng)城公司客戶的要求。本手冊(cè)還是對(duì)長(zhǎng)城公司已有的HSE實(shí)用手冊(cè)的補(bǔ)充。前面已有的兩本HSE手冊(cè)涉及的內(nèi)容，本手冊(cè)不再介紹。SECTIONONE-HEALTHSAFETYANDENVIRONMENTPROGRAMS第一部分：健康、安全與環(huán)境方案0HSEMeetingsHSE會(huì)議SafetyInspectionsandLogbooks安全檢查與記錄JobSafetyAnalysis崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別IncidentInvestigation事故調(diào)查Visitor/ServicePersonnelOrientation外來(lái)人員指導(dǎo)培訓(xùn)SECTIONTWO-GENERALGUIDELINESANDHEALTHCONTROL第二部分：一般指導(dǎo)和健康預(yù)防2.0GeneralHousekeeping物品擺放一般要求Sanitation衛(wèi)生PersonalHygiene個(gè)人衛(wèi)生2.3Drugs毒品和藥品FitnessforDuty崗位對(duì)健康的要求Smoking吸煙2.6Horseplay打斗、玩耍與開(kāi)玩笑ProperLiftingTechniques拿舉重物技巧NaturallyOccurringRadioactiveMaterial（NORM）遭遇天然放射性物質(zhì)HeatStressandHeatRelatedConditions受熱和與高溫環(huán)境SECTIONTHREE-EQUIPMENTSAFETY第三部分：設(shè)備安全3.0ElectricalEquipment電氣設(shè)備ControlofHazardousEnergy-Lockout/Tag-out危險(xiǎn)源的控制-鎖死（安全保險(xiǎn)）/警示標(biāo)志HandTools各種手用工具DrillPipe/CollarSlipsandElevators鉆桿/鉆鋌卡瓦和吊卡3.4Hoists（Winches/Tuggers）提升設(shè)備（各種絞車(chē)/各種卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)）PipeTongsandLines管鉗和繩索RotaryTableArea轉(zhuǎn)盤(pán)區(qū)域EquipmentGuarding設(shè)備防護(hù)3.8DerricksandMasts井架（塔形井架與A形井架）PipeRacksandBins管子架和儲(chǔ)存盒Derrickman'sEscapeDe井架工逃生裝置DrillingLine,CrownBlockandTravelingBlock大繩、天車(chē)和游車(chē)Drawworks,Brakes,Clutches絞車(chē)、剎車(chē)、離合器MudPumpsandEquipment泥漿泵與設(shè)備MudPitsandEquipment泥漿池與設(shè)備High-PressureLinesandFittings高壓管匯與配件Engines動(dòng)力設(shè)備Air-OperatedEquipment氣動(dòng)氣控設(shè)備BlowoutPreventionEquipment防噴器設(shè)備BOPAccumulators,PulsationandSuctionDampeners防噴器蓄能器、蓄能器膠囊（空氣包）StabbingBoard（套管）扶正對(duì)扣臺(tái)HandlingTubulars操作各種管子SECTIONFOUR-FIREPREVENTION,FIREFIGHTINGANDFIRECONTROL第四部分：火災(zāi)預(yù)防、滅火和控制4.0FirePrevention火災(zāi)預(yù)防FireProtection火災(zāi)預(yù)防FireControl火災(zāi)控制SECTIONFIVE-WELDING,CUTTINGANDCOMPRESSEDGAS&OXYGENCYLINDERS第五部分：焊接、切割和壓縮空氣/氧氣瓶5.0GeneralPrecautions-Welding,CuttingandOtherSpark/FlameProducingOperations一般預(yù)防：電焊、氣焊切割、其它遭遇火花 /火焰的作業(yè)ProtectiveEquipment預(yù)防設(shè)備Preparatory-Precautions事先預(yù)防：提示警告SpecificPrecautions-ArcWelding特殊提示：電弧焊SpecificPrecautions-GasWeldingandBurning特殊提示：氣焊與燃燒CompressedGasandOxygenCylinders-Storage壓縮空氣瓶和氧氣瓶：存放CylinderHandling氣瓶搬運(yùn)與安放CylinderUsage氣瓶使用SECTIONSIX-FLEETSAFETY第六部分：機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)輛駕駛安全6.0GeneralRules一般規(guī)則SafeDrivingConceptsforAccidentPrevention事故預(yù)防、安全駕駛原則SECTIONSEVEN-CRANEOPERATIONS第七部分：吊車(chē)作業(yè)7.0GeneralOperationRequirements一般操作要求SlingsandShackles吊索和各種鉤環(huán)StandardHandSignalsforCraneOperations起吊作業(yè)時(shí)使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手勢(shì)信號(hào)SECTIONEIGHT-FORKLIFTOPERATIONS第八部分：叉車(chē)操作8.0GeneralOperationRequirements一般操作要求GeneralTrainingRequirements一般培訓(xùn)要求SECTIONNINE-CONFINEDSPACEENTRYGUIDELINES第九部分：進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域指導(dǎo)9.0Procedures步驟9.1Entry進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域9.2Exit退出危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域SECTIONTEN-HYDROGENSULFIDE第十部分：硫化氫10.0PropertiesofH2S硫化氫的特點(diǎn)H2SExposureLimits接觸硫化氫的極限指標(biāo)Rescue/FirstAidProcedures-HydrogenSulfide遭遇硫化氫后搶救/急救步驟10.3Detection硫化氫檢測(cè)10.4BreathingEquipment(SCBA)呼吸設(shè)備(自給式呼吸器)SECTIONELEVEN-PROTECTIONOFTHEENVIRONMENT第十一部分：環(huán)境保護(hù)11.0SpillsPreventionandControl泄漏的預(yù)防與控制DrillingSiteEnvironmentalConsiderations鉆井井場(chǎng)環(huán)境保護(hù)要考慮的因素MaterialStorage各種材料的存放WasteManagement廢物的管理CampExpectations營(yíng)地的管理SECTIONTWELVE-EMERGENCYACTIONPLAN(S)第十二部分：各種緊急預(yù)案12.0MedicalEmergencyActionPlan醫(yī)療緊急預(yù)案MediaCrisisCommunication媒體危機(jī)時(shí)的溝通交流EmergencyFirstAid緊急急救EmergencyProcedureonBlow-out井噴時(shí)的緊急預(yù)案EmergencyProcedureAgainstH2S遭遇硫化氫時(shí)的緊急預(yù)案Emergencyplanagainstfire撲滅火災(zāi)時(shí)的緊急預(yù)案SECTIONTHIRTEEN -DROPPEDOBJECTPREVENTION第十三部分：預(yù)防落物13.0EquipmentInventory設(shè)備清單Derrick/MastEquipmentGuidelines井架設(shè)備安全指導(dǎo)SECTIONFOURTEEN-AIRANDGASDRILLING第十四部分：空氣鉆井SECTIONFIFTEEN-PERSONNELHOISTINGOPERATIONS第十五部分：起吊人員作業(yè)15.0General一般要求JobSafetyAnalysis/Pre-JobChecklist崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別/上崗前檢查內(nèi)容表Pre-JobSafetyMeeting上崗前安全會(huì)議PersonnelLiftingOperations起吊人員操作WinchOperator(s)絞車(chē)操作人員SECTIONSIXTEEN -FALLPROTECTION第十六部分：預(yù)防墜落16.0GeneralFallPrevention墜落的一般預(yù)防KeyRequirementsforFallArrestSystems對(duì)墜落預(yù)防設(shè)施的要求重點(diǎn)WorkataHeight高空作業(yè)FallRestraintSystemandEquipment預(yù)防墜落設(shè)施SECTIONSEVENTEEN -RIGPERSONNELOBLIGATIONS第十七部分：井隊(duì)人員職責(zé)17.0rigmanagerobligations平臺(tái)經(jīng)理職責(zé)toolpusherobligations隊(duì)長(zhǎng)職責(zé)職責(zé)campmanagerobligations營(yíng)地經(jīng)理職責(zé)mechanicalengineerobligations機(jī)械工程師職責(zé)electricengineerobligations電氣工程師職責(zé)drillerobligations司鉆職責(zé)assistantdrillerobligations副司鉆職責(zé)derrickmanobligations井架工職責(zé)floormanobligations鉆工職責(zé)roustaboutobligations場(chǎng)地工職責(zé)mudmanobligations泥漿工職責(zé)motormanobligations機(jī)工職責(zé)welderobligations電焊工職責(zé)cleanerobligations清潔工職責(zé)laundrymanobligations洗衣工職責(zé)cookobligations廚師職責(zé)securityguardobligations安全保衛(wèi)人員職責(zé)radiooperatorobligations無(wú)線電操作員職責(zé)rignurseobligation井隊(duì)醫(yī)護(hù)人員職責(zé)driverobligations司機(jī)職責(zé)craneoperatorobligations吊車(chē)司機(jī)職責(zé)SECTIONONE-HEALTHSAFETYANDENVIRONMENTPROGRAMS第一部分：健康、安全與環(huán)境方案0HSEMeetingsHSE會(huì)議Oneofthemostimportantpartsofanycompany 'sHealthSafetyandEnvironmentProgramshouldberegularHSEmeetings.Safetymeetingshouldinclude:對(duì)于任何公司的HSE方案而言，定期的HSE會(huì)議是非常重要的，安全會(huì)議應(yīng)該包括：WeeklySafetyMeetingReport周安全會(huì)議記錄Informationfromequipmentmanufacturers設(shè)備生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)家提供的情況Informationfromthewelloperator井上操作人員提供的情況Recentcompanycommunications最近公司交流討論的情況Recentincidentinvestigations,theircauses,andcorrections最近的安全事故調(diào)查，它們的發(fā)生原因和整改措施Safetyequipmentoperatingprocedures設(shè)備安全操作步驟Employeesuggestions來(lái)自員工的建議JobSafetyAnalysis(JSA)Program崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別方案IADCHSECommitteeSafetyAlerts國(guó)際鉆井承包商協(xié)會(huì)HSE協(xié)會(huì)的安全提示SafetyInspectionsandLogbooks安全檢查與紀(jì)錄Regularinspectionsshouldbemadetodetermineiftheequipmentissafetooperate.Althoughasupervisororotherdesignatedcompanyrepresentativeshouldperforminspections,allemployeesareresponsibletoreportanyunsafeconditionstheyobserve.Therigshouldbeinspectedfromeveryviewpoint.Unsafeconditionsandactsshouldbereportedtothesupervisor.定期檢查設(shè)備的安全使用情況，雖然監(jiān)督和其有關(guān)人員會(huì)檢查，但是所有的員工有義務(wù)通報(bào)他們看到的不安全隱患。全面檢查鉆機(jī)設(shè)備，有不安全的情況和操作隨時(shí)通報(bào)監(jiān)督。JobSafetyAnalysis崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別TheRigManager(Toolpusher)willhavetheprimaryresponsibilityfortrainingand/orretrainingrigcrewsinthefollowingprocesses:平臺(tái)經(jīng)理(隊(duì)長(zhǎng))在對(duì)井隊(duì)員工培訓(xùn)和指導(dǎo)上，負(fù)有主要責(zé)任Jobselection崗位選擇Hazardidentification危險(xiǎn)識(shí)別Safejobprocedures安全作業(yè)步驟DocumentationontheJSAform崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別相關(guān)材料Allinjuries,nomatterhowminor,shouldbereportedimmediatelytothesupervisorandtreated.所有的損傷，無(wú)論多輕，都應(yīng)該及時(shí)通報(bào)監(jiān)督并及時(shí)治療。Allinjuries,whichoccurduringthecourseofemployment,mustbereportedontheappropriateIncident/Injuryform.在本公司就職期間，所有的損傷，都應(yīng)該在事故和損傷表格中記錄。Theemployershouldcontacttheappropriateagenciestoensurethatallregulatoryreportsarecompletedandsubmitted.公司有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)該及時(shí)和有關(guān)部門(mén)聯(lián)系，確保完成定期的報(bào)告，并及時(shí)送達(dá)。IncidentInvestigation事故調(diào)查IncidentinvestigationsshouldbeconductedASAPaftertheincidentoccurs.Factsareclearer,moredetailsremembered,andtheconditionsarenearestthoseatthetimeoftheincident.Theincidentinvestigationmaybeconductedinthefollowingmanner:事故一旦發(fā)生，就必須盡快分析調(diào)查。事實(shí)盡量清晰，細(xì)節(jié)盡量詳實(shí)。與事故相關(guān)的各種情況都要分析到。事故分析應(yīng)該按下面的方式進(jìn)行：Interviewtheworker(s)whohadtheincident,medicalconsiderationspermitting.如果醫(yī)療條件允許，應(yīng)該與事故有關(guān)人員見(jiàn)面。Interviewallthewitnessesandotherpersonnelwhomayhavebeeninvolvedintheincident.與事故目擊者和其他有關(guān)人員見(jiàn)面。E.ReviewtheJSAforthetaskinvolvedintheincident(ifapplicable).重新論證釀成事故崗位，回顧其崗位風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別(如果可行的話)F.Reviewmaintenanceormanufacturersrecordsfortheequipmentinvolved(ifapplicable).重新檢查相關(guān)設(shè)備的維護(hù)紀(jì)錄或者制造紀(jì)錄(如果可行的話)G.Determinethefacts,basedonallinformationgathered.根據(jù)收集到的情況，確定事實(shí)真相H.Documentnamesandaddressesofallwitnesses,personnelwhodidnotwitnesstheincident,紀(jì)錄目擊者的姓名和地址，記錄那些沒(méi)有目擊事故的人員butmayhaveknowledgethatispertinenttotheinvestigation,andotherpersonnelonlocation這些人員與事故的調(diào)查也相關(guān)，以及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的其他人員。whodidnotwitnesstheincident.誰(shuí)還沒(méi)有目擊(看到)事故Determinehowtheincidenthappened.確定事故是如何發(fā)生的Documentthefactsoftheinvestigation.紀(jì)錄分析調(diào)查的細(xì)節(jié)與事實(shí)Developanactionplantopreventtheincidentfromoccurringagain,拿出防止類(lèi)似事故再發(fā)生的行動(dòng)方案Sharetheresultsoftheinvestigationandactionplanwithotherpersonnelinthecompanysothattheyareawareofwhathappenedandcantakeeffortstoavoidasimilarsituationontheirrig.將調(diào)查結(jié)果和措施方案通報(bào)公司其他人員，這樣他們對(duì)事故也能認(rèn)識(shí)，并且采取措施避免類(lèi)似事故的發(fā)生。Visitor/ServicePersonnelOrientation外來(lái)人員指導(dǎo)培訓(xùn)Visitorsandservicepersonnelwhoarenewtothelocationshouldbemetuponarrival,givenanorientationimmediatelyandbeassignedmusterstations.外來(lái)人員和外來(lái)服務(wù)人員初次來(lái)到井場(chǎng)，必須立即對(duì)這些人員進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)和培訓(xùn)。SECTIONTWO-GENERALGUIDELINESANDHEALTHCONTROL第二部分一般要指導(dǎo)和健康預(yù)防2.0GeneralHousekeeping物品擺放一般要求Goodhousekeeping,cleanlinessandorderarefirststepsinsafety.工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)房間干凈，整齊有序是安全的第一步。Allwalkwaysandsteps,rigfloorsetc.,shouldbekeptclearoftools,trash,boards,barrels,hosesandslippinghazardssuchasoilorgrease.所有的步行通道，梯子和鉆臺(tái)等活動(dòng)區(qū)域，不能有各種工具、廢物、擋板、桶、軟管以及容易讓人滑倒的油脂等。CEachworkareashouldhaveastoragespaceorlockerfortoolsandequipmentusedinthatarea.Rigfloorsshouldhaveatoolboardorlockerforhandtoolsandgoodstorageracksforsubsandotherrigfloorequipment.每一個(gè)工作區(qū)域，都應(yīng)該有儲(chǔ)存或者固定該地點(diǎn)常用工具的地方。鉆臺(tái)上應(yīng)該有存放和固定各種工具、各種接頭和其它常用設(shè)備的地點(diǎn)。Toprotectslings,shackles,pipehooks,etc.,eachrigshouldhaveastoragelocker.Boardsusedonpipeorcasingracksshouldbeneatlystored.為了保管各種繩索、鉤環(huán)、管子鉤等，每一臺(tái)鉆機(jī)都應(yīng)該配備專(zhuān)用存放箱，管子上使用的各種擋板，套管上使用的托架等必須潔凈后存放。Workshopsshouldhaveproperstorageareasfortoolsandequipment.Alltoolsandequipmentshouldbecleaned,inspectedfordamage,repairedifnecessaryandstoredintheproperplaceafteruse.工房?jī)?nèi)必須有妥當(dāng)?shù)膮^(qū)域來(lái)存放工具和設(shè)備。所有的工具和設(shè)備應(yīng)該保持干凈，經(jīng)常檢查其破損情況，必要時(shí)維修，使用后放在適當(dāng)位置。Trashanddisposalcontainersshouldbeplacedindifferentareasaroundtherig.垃圾箱和廢物箱必須安置在鉆機(jī)周?chē)煌膮^(qū)域。Combustiblematerialssuchasoil,oilfiltersoroilyragsshouldbekeptincansdesignedspecificallyforsuchmaterials.易燃材料比如:油品、濾油紙、帶油抹布必須放置在專(zhuān)用容器內(nèi)。HGuardrailsorothersuitablemeansshouldproperlyguardalltemporaryorpermanentopeningsinthefloor.鉆臺(tái)上的孔洞必須有護(hù)欄或其它設(shè)施來(lái)臨時(shí)或者永久遮擋。I.Drillingfluidshouldbecleanedoffoftherigflooraftermakingaconnectionandregularlyduringtrips,orasquicklyastheoperationallows.在起下鉆和接單根作業(yè)完畢后，鉆臺(tái)上的泥漿要及時(shí)清理干凈。JMasts/derricksshouldbekeptfreeoflooseitemssuchastools,shackles,etc.Anyitemusedaboveaworkareashouldbesecuredtopreventitfromfalling.井架上避免擺放沒(méi)有固定的各種工具、鏈鉗等，工作區(qū)域上方的任何物品，必須安全固定，避免墜落。KSpillsfromsackorbulkchemicalsshouldbecleanedupassoonaspossible.袋裝或者散裝各種處理劑一旦散漏，必須立即清理。LAllrigwasteshouldbedisposedofinapropermanner.Non-deterioratingwastesuchasplasticbags,wrappers,wood,etc.,mayrequirespecialdisposalprocedures.所有的井場(chǎng)廢物廢料都必須妥善處理，一些不容易處理的材料塑料袋、包裝袋、廢木料等需要經(jīng)過(guò)專(zhuān)門(mén)的處理。Mixonlyenoughpainttoaccomplishthetaskathand.當(dāng)需要使用油漆時(shí)，要估算好需要的量。NDisposeofpaintandthinnerproperly.Donotmixwithotherwaste.妥善處理油漆和稀釋劑，不要與其廢料混合。OScrapmetalshouldbekeptseparatefromallotherwaste(hotmetalcouldcauseafireifmixedwithotherwaste).廢金屬料應(yīng)該與其它廢料分開(kāi)(因?yàn)榕c其它廢料混合容易引發(fā)火災(zāi))。Sanitation衛(wèi)生Galleypersonnel(personnelpreparingfood)shouldwearcleanclothesandotherproperattire,includingshoes.Ahatorhairnetshouldbewornatalltimesbygalleypersonnelwhilepreparingmeals.廚房工作人員(準(zhǔn)備食品人員)應(yīng)該服裝干凈，穿著得體，包括鞋。在準(zhǔn)備食品時(shí)，廚房工作人員應(yīng)該帶帽子或者將頭發(fā)罩住。Galleypersonnelshouldkeepallabrasionsorcutscoveredwithacleandressing.廚房工作人員必須將清洗或者切過(guò)的食品用干凈物品覆蓋。Handcleanlinessisessentialforgalleypersonnel.Keepfingernailstrimmedandhandsclean.廚房工作人員必須注意手上衛(wèi)生，經(jīng)常修理手指甲，保持手干凈。Galleypersonnelshouldbeingoodhealth.廚房工作人員必須身體健康。Smokinganduseoftobaccoshouldbeallowedonlyindesignatedareas.在指定區(qū)域吸煙。Leftoverfoodshouldbecovered,datedandproperlystoredattheappropriatetemperature.剩下的食品必須遮蓋，注明日期，在適宜的溫度下存放。Carefulattentionshouldbemadetotheexpirationdate.注意食品的有效期。Shelvesandracksshouldbeusedtostorefoodwithstoreditemsrotatedsothattheoldestisusedfirst.存放食品的貨架，在擺放食品時(shí)，要做到存放久的食品先食用。Insectsandverminshouldbecontrolledandkeptoutoffoodarea.食品區(qū)域不能有各種害蟲(chóng)和寄生蟲(chóng)。Thediningareashouldbecleanedaftereachmeal.每頓飯后，就餐區(qū)域應(yīng)清理干凈Thegalleyshouldbecleanedonacontinualbasis.Floorsshouldbedisinfectedfrequently.廚房要隨時(shí)保持干凈，地面要經(jīng)常清洗消毒。Dishesshouldbesanitizedbeforere-use.盤(pán)子下次使用前要消毒。M. Toiletfacilitiesshouldbekeptcleanandsanitized.衛(wèi)生間設(shè)施保持干凈，并消毒。Allpotableandnon-potablewatershouldbelabeled.飲用水和非飲用水要注明。Dirtytowelsandclothesshouldbelaunderedaftereachuse.每次使用后的臟毛巾和桌布都應(yīng)該清洗。Garbageandwasteshouldbesegregatedforproperdisposalofaftereachmeal.每頓飯以后，各種垃圾和廢物要做到分類(lèi)收集處理。Changingroomsshouldbekeptcleanandorderly.Workclothesshouldbeproperlystored.更衣間應(yīng)該保持干凈、整齊。工作服妥善存放。R.Bedsshouldbemadedaily.每天要整理床鋪。S.Personnelshouldnotlieonbedsindirtyworkclothesandboots.工作人員不允許穿著臟的工作服和靴子躺在床上。PersonalHygiene個(gè)人衛(wèi)生Personnelshouldbathedailyandstarteachdaywithacleanchangeofclothes.工作人員必須每天洗澡，穿戴干凈。Personnelshouldhaveanextrasetofcleanclothingattherigtochangeintoshouldtheirworkclothesgetcontaminatedwithoil,dieselorothermaterialthatcouldcauseskinirritation.工作人員還應(yīng)該在井場(chǎng)多預(yù)備一套衣服，衣服一旦被油、柴油和其它物品污染，及時(shí)更換，避免傷害皮膚。Considerationshouldbegiventothepreventionandspreadofcolds,influenzaand/orotherinfectiousdiseases.注意及時(shí)預(yù)防感冒、流感和其它疾病的傳染。Whenairbreathingapparatus,dustororganicvaporrespiratorsarerequired,facialhairshouldberemovedtofacilitateaproperfaceseal.在使用呼吸用具，灰塵或者有氣體呼吸過(guò)濾用具時(shí)，要將面部頭發(fā)移開(kāi)，確保呼吸用具與面部門(mén)密封緊密。Hairshouldbemaintainedinamannerthatdoesnotcreateasafetyhazard.頭發(fā)不宜過(guò)長(zhǎng)，避免不必要的危險(xiǎn)。Rigpersonnelshouldwashhandsandfacebeforeeating.井隊(duì)工作人員吃飯前應(yīng)洗手、洗臉。Usingsolventstocleantheskinisneveragoodpractice.Workerswhouseasolventtocleantheirhandsmaydevelopdermatitisorpossiblybecomingsensitizedtothechemicalorsolvent.用堿水等來(lái)洗手不妥當(dāng)，經(jīng)常用堿水來(lái)洗手會(huì)引發(fā)皮膚疾病，或者對(duì)化學(xué)品和溶劑敏感。2.3Drugs毒品和藥品Illegaldrugs,intoxicatingbeverages,firearms,weaponsorothercontrabandshouldnotbeallowedontherigorlocation.非法毒品、麻醉性飲料、槍炮、武器或者其它禁止攜帶的物品不允許帶到井場(chǎng)和營(yíng)地。Prescriptiondrugsshouldbetakeninstrictaccordancewiththedruganddoctor'sguidance.Personnelwhoaretakingprescriptiondrugsshouldinformtheirsupervisor.各種處方藥品應(yīng)該按照說(shuō)明和醫(yī)生的要求服用。個(gè)人開(kāi)處方藥應(yīng)該向他們的責(zé)任監(jiān)督匯報(bào)。Anymedicationsbroughttotherigshouldbeintheoriginalcontainerinwhichtheyweredispensedorpurchased.擅自帶到井場(chǎng)上的各種藥品，要退回原處。FitnessforDuty崗位對(duì)健康的要求Thephysicalfitnessofemployeescanaffecttheirjobperformanceandsafetyattherig.Inadditiontobeingphysicallyfittocarryoutthephysicalrequirementsofthejob,fitnessincludesbeingrested,andfreeofchemicalsthatcouldaffecttheemployee 'sperformances.Esmhopuloldyearriveattheworksitefitforduty.Thisincludes:Rested,Freefromdrugsoralcohol,Illness,Injury.員工的身體健康狀況會(huì)影響到工作和鉆井作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的安全，保持身體健康，方能勝任工作。健康包括良好的休息，不隨意服用藥品，因?yàn)檫@些藥品有時(shí)會(huì)影響工作。員工一到達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，身體就應(yīng)該勝任工作。它包括：良好的休息，不服用藥品和酒類(lèi)，無(wú)病、無(wú)傷殘。Smoking吸煙Smokingareasshouldbedesignatedandidentifiedontherigsite.指定井場(chǎng)上的吸煙場(chǎng)所，并標(biāo)注說(shuō)明。Smokingispermittedonlyindesignatedareas.只能在指定區(qū)域吸煙。Smokingshouldnotbeallowedinfoodpreparationareas.在準(zhǔn)備飯菜區(qū)域，不允許吸煙。2.6Horseplay打斗、玩耍與開(kāi)玩笑Horseplayshouldnotbeallowedatanytime.工作時(shí)，任何時(shí)候都不允許打斗、玩耍。Wrestling,mockfights,practicaljokes,etc.,areexamplesofhorseplay.打斗、玩耍包括：摔跤、打斗、各類(lèi)玩笑等。ProperLiftingTechniques拿舉重物技巧Avoidmanualliftingofheavyorawkwardobjects.Mechanicaladvantageorliftingdevicesshouldbeusedorassistanceshouldberequested.避免人工提升笨重的物品，必要時(shí)要使用機(jī)械或者專(zhuān)用提升設(shè)備。Whenliftinganobjectwithanotherperson,coordinatetheliftbyusinggoodcommunication.(Forexample:“One,Two,Three,Lift”)與他人一起提升搬運(yùn)物品時(shí)，要注意配合。(比如喊一、二、三、起！)Checkforproperfootingbeforeliftingorcarryinganobject.Makesuretheareaisclearofsliportriphazards.高舉和搬運(yùn)物品時(shí)，要注意腳下，避免絆倒或者各種危險(xiǎn)。Properliftingtechniquesshouldbefollowedwhenliftinganyobject.舉提各種物品時(shí)，要按照正確技巧來(lái)做。Over-reaching,liftingovershoulderheight,orbodytwistingshouldbeavoidedwhileliftingormovinganobject.高舉和搬運(yùn)物品時(shí)，要免遠(yuǎn)距離取拿，舉過(guò)肩部，身體扭曲等不良行動(dòng)F.Carryingobjectsupordownstairsorstepswithtwohandsshouldbeavoided.避免用雙手搬運(yùn)重物上下梯子。NaturallyOccurringRadioactiveMaterial(NORM)遭遇天然放射物質(zhì)Radiationisanaturalcomponentinourenvironment.Therearetwonaturalradiationsources:Cosmicraysexternaltotheearth,andradiationfromnaturallyoccurringradioactivematerials(NORM)foundintheearthThefollowingareprecautionsallcompanyemployees,contractors,andvisitorsshouldtake:放射物質(zhì)是自然界的產(chǎn)物。一般有兩種放射源。從宇宙到地球的放射，來(lái)自地殼的天然放射物質(zhì)。所有公司員工、承包商和外來(lái)人員都要遵守下面的要求。Wearproperprotectiveequipment,includingrespiratoryorbreathingairapparatus,whenenteringcontaminatedvesselsandwhenhandlingequipmentormaterialswithexposedNORM.在進(jìn)入放射污染的容器和處理暴露在放射物質(zhì)下的設(shè)備的時(shí)候，要穿戴合適的防護(hù)設(shè)備，包括呼吸設(shè)備。Avoiddirectskincontactwithradioactivescaleandsolidstotheextentreasonablypossible.盡可能地避免皮膚與放射場(chǎng)，放射物質(zhì)接觸。Thoroughlywashhandsandfaceimmediatelyfollowinganyskincontactwithcontaminatedmaterials,especiallybeforeeating,drinking,smokingorotherwiseusingtobacco.在與放射物質(zhì)接觸以后，要認(rèn)真洗手、洗臉。尤其是在吃飯、喝水和吸煙之前。Keepthenumberofpersonnelintheworkareatoaminimum.將在放射區(qū)域工作的人員控制在最少。Anycontaminatedequipmentorvesselsthataretobeworkedonshouldbeisolated,ventilatedandleftstandingidlefor4hours,beforeworkcommences.任何受過(guò)放射污染的設(shè)備在重新使用以前，必須隔離、通風(fēng)，閑置 4小時(shí)以上。G．Handlecontaminatedequipmentandpipeinaccordancewithapprovedwasteandsurplusequipmentdisposal,and/orstorageprocedures.處理受到放射污染的設(shè)備可以參照?qǐng)?bào)廢設(shè)備的處理程序進(jìn)行。ConfinedSpaceproceduresshouldalsobefollowed.可以參照危險(xiǎn)禁區(qū)的處理程序。HeatStressandHeatRelatedConditions受熱和高溫環(huán)境Heatstressisaseriousissueinindustrialworkenvironments.Whenpoorlyventilatedclothingisworninhighheatandhumidity,heatstresscanbecomeadanger.Thekeystopreventingheatstressareunderstandingwhyitoccurs,alteringtheworkenvironment,providingfluids,andprovidingappropriateprotectiveclothing.Ifsomeoneshowssymptomsofheatstress,itisimportanttotaketheindividualtoacool,shadedareaandprovideplentyofdrinkingwater.Seekmedicalattentionimmediately.受熱是從事工業(yè)作業(yè)常見(jiàn)的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。如果衣服透風(fēng)性差，遭遇高熱高濕度，就很容易受熱。找到原因，就知道如何避免。適當(dāng)更換工作地點(diǎn)，保證通風(fēng)，提供必要的防護(hù)服裝。如果有人受熱，馬上轉(zhuǎn)移到陰涼的地方，提供足夠的水，必要時(shí)及時(shí)治療。AvoidingHeatStress如何避免受熱Drinkplentyoffluidseachday.每天喝足夠水。Stayphysicallyfit.Ahigherdegreeofphysicalfitnesscanincreaseheattolerance.操持身體健康，身體越健康，抗熱能力越強(qiáng)。Takefrequentbreakstoacoolerlocation.經(jīng)常在涼快地方休息一下。Acclimatizeyourselftotheworkenvironment.逐步適應(yīng)工作環(huán)境。Whenperformingstrenuousworkonhotdays,thebuddysystemshouldbeused.當(dāng)在炎熱的天氣條件下，從事繁重的工作，要有緊急救護(hù)措施。Watchyourhealth.Somemedicationsandmedicalconditionssuchashypertensioncanworsentheeffectsofheatstress.注意你自己的身體狀況，有時(shí)一些藥品和過(guò)渡緊張會(huì)加劇受熱。Avoiduseofalcoholordrugs.不喝烈性酒或者不使用藥品Wearclothingthatoffersappropriateprotectionfromtheenvironment.穿戴合適的服裝。SECTIONTHREE-EQUIPMENTSAFETY第三部分：設(shè)備安全3.0ElectricalEquipment電氣設(shè)備Thebreakerswitchforanyelectricequipmentshouldbelockedand/ortaggedoutandtestedtoensurenocurrentispresentattheequipmenttobeworkedonbeforeconductinganyrepairs.在對(duì)設(shè)備維修之前，要先斷開(kāi)電器開(kāi)關(guān)，測(cè)試確保沒(méi)有電流，方可維修。BSplicingorcuttingofelectricalwirebyunauthorizedpersonnelshouldnotbepermitted.非專(zhuān)業(yè)人員不允許善自拼接、切割電線。Afusepullershouldbeusedtoremoveandreplacedefectivefuses.使用專(zhuān)業(yè)工具來(lái)更換失效的保險(xiǎn)絲。Plugsandcordsshouldbeprotectedfrombeingdamaged.避免損壞各種插座、插頭。EAllelectricalwalloutlets,handtools,extensioncords,etc.shouldbeprovidedwithpropergroundsorremovedfromoperation.所有的墻上插座、手動(dòng)工具、外接電線等必須有地線，作業(yè)時(shí)要搬走。FPowerhandtoolsafetydevicesshouldnotbemodified.（Forexample:Applyingtapetokeepthepowerswitchonahandgrinderengaged.）電動(dòng)手用工具的開(kāi)關(guān)要加強(qiáng)保護(hù)（比如用膠帶密封，防止碎屑進(jìn)入）。G.Electricalpowertoolsshouldnotbeusedingaseousorexplosiveatmospheres,.電動(dòng)工具不能在天然氣環(huán)境和容易爆炸的環(huán)境中使用。Allelectricaltoolsshouldbeturnedoffbeforeconnectingtoordisconnectingfromthepowersupply.所有的電動(dòng)工具在連通或者斷開(kāi)電源時(shí)，工具上的開(kāi)關(guān)都必須放在斷開(kāi)位置。Electricaldevicesshouldnotbeoperatedwhenwaterhazardsarepresent.當(dāng)有水蒸汽環(huán)境時(shí)，不能操作電器設(shè)備。Wateroranysubstancecontainingwatershouldnotbeusedtoextinguishanelectricalfire.不能用水或者含水的物質(zhì)來(lái)?yè)錅缬捎陔娨鸬幕馂?zāi)。Allextensioncordsshouldbecheckedregularlyandkeptingoodcondition.所有的外部電線接頭，必須定期檢查，并處于良好的狀態(tài)。Cordsshouldbedisconnectedfromthepowersourcebeforecoilingforstorage.在把電線盤(pán)起來(lái)存放之前，一定要先斷開(kāi)電源。Allguardsonelectricalequipmentshouldbekeptinplaceandingoodrepair.所有電器上的保護(hù)設(shè)施都必須完好無(wú)損。Water,dirt,oilordustshouldnotbeallowedtoaccumulatearoundelectricalequipment.電器設(shè)備周?chē)荒苡兴?、油、灰塵等雜物。Alloverheadlightsshouldbeequippedwithsafetyfasteners.所有頭頂上方的照明燈都必須安全固定。N. Explosion-prooflightingfixturesshouldbeusedwhererequiredbytheclassificationofthearea.依照工作場(chǎng)合，照明燈必要時(shí)要采用防爆固定裝置。Q.SCRunits,rigandauxiliarygeneratorplantsshouldbegrounded.可控硅裝置，鉆機(jī)上使用電器和其它輔助發(fā)電設(shè)備必須接地線。Beforemainbreakerswitchesarethrown“in”or“out”,theequipmentcontrolledbythesebreakersshouldbeturnedofforonbytheequipmentcontrolswitch.在將主剎車(chē)的開(kāi)關(guān)位于“合”、“離”位置之前，必須先將那些受剎車(chē)系統(tǒng)控制的設(shè)備控制開(kāi)關(guān)也分別設(shè)定在“合”、“離”位置。Shouldacircuitbreakerkickout（disengage）,thereasonthebreakerkickedoutshouldbedeterminedbeforethecircuitbreakerisre-engaged.如果電路保護(hù)系統(tǒng)突然跳閘短路，在重新合上之前，必須查明原因。Whenre-engagingacircuitbreakerthathaskickedout,alwaysstandtothesideandlookawayfromthebreakerasitisre-engaged.當(dāng)電路保護(hù)系統(tǒng)跳閘，在合閘的時(shí)候要注意身體站側(cè)面，并與電閘保持一定距離。Explosion-proofequipmentshouldbereturnedtoitsexplosion-proofconditionwhenrepaired.當(dāng)對(duì)防爆設(shè)備進(jìn)行維修時(shí)，必須將防爆設(shè)備設(shè)定在防爆狀態(tài)。Non-conductivematsshouldbeplacedinfrontoftheswitchboardsandmaintainedinacleancondition.在電器控制開(kāi)關(guān)控制箱的前面放置絕緣的各種腳墊，并經(jīng)常保持墊子干凈。Allhighvoltagepanelsshouldbeclearlymarked“DANGER-HIGHVOLTAGE.”所有的高壓電路控制箱（板、臺(tái)），必須用文字清楚表明：“高壓，危險(xiǎn)！”Neverassumeelectricalwiringisharmless.Checkthesourcetoensureithasbeendisconnected,evenifonlychangingalightbulb.杜絕電線不導(dǎo)電，不危險(xiǎn)的想法，即使是更換一個(gè)電燈泡，也必須斷開(kāi)電源。Neverassumelowvoltagecannotbedangerous.杜絕低電壓不危險(xiǎn)的想法。Personnelrescuingavictimofelectricalshockshouldfirstswitchoffthepowercausingtheshock.Ifthisisnotpossible,attempttopullthevictimawayfromtheliveconductorbyusingadrystick,adryrope,orothernonconductivematerial.在搶救觸電人員時(shí)，必須先斷開(kāi)引發(fā)觸電的電源，如果不行，則要使用干燥的木棍，干燥的繩索，或者其它絕緣的材料。AA. Aworkpermitmaybenecessarywhenusingelectricalpowertoolsinsomeareas.在某些地方使用電動(dòng)工具時(shí)，必須有相關(guān)的許可。BB.Allexplosion-proofjunctionboxesandbreakerboxesshouldbeproperlysealedwithallbolts.所有的防爆設(shè)置和電路安全保護(hù)裝置都必須用螺釘固定、封住。CC.Allwiresshouldbeproperlysecuredinwiretrays.所有的電線都應(yīng)該固定在線盒（盤(pán)）內(nèi)。ControlofHazardousEnergy-Lockout/Tagout危險(xiǎn)源的控制—鎖死（安全保險(xiǎn)）/警示標(biāo)志Allemployeesshouldunderstandthatbeforeanyemployeeperformsservicingormaintenanceonamachineorequipmentwheretheunexpectedenergizing,startup,orreleaseofstoredenergycouldoccurandcauseinjury,themachineorequipmentshallbeisolatedfromtheenergysource,renderedinoperativeandenergysourcetestedtoensurethatenergyhasbeenreleasedornotpresent.所有的員工都必須清楚，在含有各種潛在危險(xiǎn)源動(dòng)力設(shè)備上從事作業(yè)和維護(hù)時(shí)，這些設(shè)備會(huì)在作業(yè)人員不注意的情況下啟動(dòng)，或者釋放出儲(chǔ)存的能量，造成意外傷害。所以，必須先將這些設(shè)備和裝置與動(dòng)力源切斷，通過(guò)測(cè)試等手段證明能量已經(jīng)被釋放掉，或者能量已經(jīng)不存在。Ifanenergy-isolatingdeviceisnotcapableofbeinglockedout,theemployer'senergycontrolprogramshouldusea-toaugtsystem.如果能量斷開(kāi)設(shè)施不能夠被鎖死，則要采取現(xiàn)場(chǎng)警示標(biāo)志措施。Wheneverreplacementormajorrepair,renovation,ormodificationofamachineorequipmentisperformed,andwhenevernewmachinesorequipmentareinstalled,energyisolatingdevicesforsuchmachinesorequipmentshouldbedesignedtoacceptalockoutdevice.當(dāng)進(jìn)行設(shè)備更換、大修、改裝或者修補(bǔ)等作業(yè)時(shí)；當(dāng)新設(shè)備進(jìn)行安裝時(shí)，都要對(duì)這些設(shè)備采取安全保險(xiǎn)措施，而且要求能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)鎖死功能。employeesshouldunderstandthepurposeandfunctionoftheenergycontrolprogramandthattheknowledgeandskillsrequiredforthesafeapplication,usageandremovaloftheenergycontrolsareacquiredbytheemployees.員工都應(yīng)該了解各種動(dòng)力源控制手段的功能和目的，而且要掌握它們安全運(yùn)用的知識(shí)和操作技能。Lockout/TagoutPlansmayincludethefollowingelements.鎖死（安全保險(xiǎn)）/警示標(biāo)志方案包括以下方面的內(nèi)容.Allmachineryorequipmentthatiscapableofmovementshouldbede-energizedordisengagedandlockedoutduringcleaning,servicing,adjustingorsettingupoperations,wheneverrequired.所有的設(shè)備在進(jìn)行清潔、維護(hù)、調(diào)試和安裝的時(shí)候，需要時(shí)，都應(yīng)該能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)將能源釋放，設(shè)備能源斷開(kāi)和鎖死功能。Wherethepowerdisconnectingmeansforequipmentdoesnotalsodisconnecttheelectricalcontrolcircuit:斷開(kāi)設(shè)備動(dòng)力的手段并不是指設(shè)備的控制電路斷開(kāi)。a.Theappropriateelectricalenclosuresareidentified.要對(duì)各種的帶電的外罩（盒）進(jìn)行明顯標(biāo)注。b.Meansisprovidedtoassurethecontrolcircuitcanalsobedisconnectedandlockedout.要有措施來(lái)保證電路不僅可以被斷開(kāi)，同時(shí)還可以被鎖死。Lockingoutmainpowerdisconnectsforequipmentmayberequiredasopposedtoonlythelockingoutofspecificcontrolcircuits.安全鎖死不僅僅是鎖死特定的控制電路，而是要能夠?qū)⒃O(shè)備的主動(dòng)力切斷鎖死。Allequipmentcontrolvalvehandlesshouldbeprovidedwithameansforlockingout.所有設(shè)備的控制閥也應(yīng)該具有鎖死功能。Storedenergy（mechanical,hydraulic,air,etc.）isrequiredtobereleasedorblockedbeforeequipmentislockedoutforrepairs.在將設(shè)備鎖死進(jìn)行維修之前，設(shè)備儲(chǔ)存的能量（機(jī)械能、液壓能、氣能等）都要釋放掉，或者封死。Employeesrequiredtoworkonequipmentshouldbeprovidedwithindividuallykeyedpersonalsafetylocks.要給在設(shè)備上工作的員工提供鎖死設(shè)備用的單獨(dú)安全鎖。Employeeswhoworkonequipmentshouldkeeppersonalcontroloftheirkey（s）whiletheyhavesafetylocksinuse.當(dāng)設(shè)備被鎖死后，在設(shè)備上工作的員工要管好鎖死設(shè)備安全鎖的鑰匙。Onlytheemployeeexposedtothehazardistoplaceorremovethesafetylock.只有在危險(xiǎn)場(chǎng)所工作的那些員工才有權(quán)力使用和打開(kāi)安全鎖。Employeesshouldcheckthesafetyofthelockoutbyattemptingastartupaftermakingsurenooneisexposed.只有在確保危險(xiǎn)場(chǎng)地沒(méi)有員工的時(shí)候，才能夠通過(guò)試啟動(dòng)設(shè)備來(lái)檢查鎖死裝置的安全性。Thereshouldbeameansprovidedtoidentifyanyorallemployeeswhoareworkingonlocked-outequipmentbytheirlocksoraccompanyingtags.通過(guò)識(shí)別安全鎖或者相關(guān)的警示標(biāo)志，可以知道有員工在鎖死的設(shè)備上作業(yè)。Thereshouldbeasufficientnumberofaccidentpreventionsignsortagsandsafetyp