中考語(yǔ)法練習(xí)三：代詞：I.代詞可以分為以下七大類(lèi)：1人稱(chēng)代詞主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they賓格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2物主代詞形容詞性my,your,his,her,its,our,their名詞性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3反身代詞myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves4指示代詞this,that,these,those,such,some5疑問(wèn)代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose,as7不定代詞one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittle,other/another,all/both,neither/eitherII.不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn)：1.one,some與any:1)one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。Oneshouldlearntothinkofothers.Haveyouanybookmarks?No,Idon’thaveanybookmarks.Ihavesomequestionstoask.2)some可用于疑問(wèn)句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請(qǐng)求等。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Couldyougivemesomemoney?3)some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，some表示某個(gè)，any表示任何一個(gè)。Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.4)some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較級(jí)連用表示程度。Therearesome3,000studentsinthisschool.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?2.each和every:each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上。Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary./Each(ofus)hasadictionary./Weeachhaveadictionary.Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.3.none和no：no等于notany，作定語(yǔ)。none作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.4.other和another:1)other泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如：theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,theother特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為theothers。如：Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.2)another指“又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”無(wú)所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”如：Idon’tlikethisshirt,pleaseshowmeanother(one).Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.5.all和both,neither和eitherall表示不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.AllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish./NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.Bothofusarenotteachers./Notbothofusareteachers./Eitherofusisateacher.練習(xí)題：1.Thereareseveralprettygirlsstandingunderthetree,but______areknowntome.a.neitherb.nonec.nooned.all2.Inoneyearratseat40to50times______weight.a.itsb.andc.theird.theirs3.You’dbettercontinuetousethesamespellingofyournameas______youusedinyourapplication.a.oneb.theonec.anyd.someone4.Thelittlebabywasleftalone,with______tolookafterit.a.someoneb.anyonec.notoned.noone5.Johncanplaychessbetterthan______else.a.theoneb.noonec.anyoned.another6.Theweightofsomethingisanotherwayofdescribingtheamountofforceexertedon______bygravity.a.itb.themc.thatd.one7.Itisonethingtoenjoylisteningtogoodmusic,butitisquite______toperformskillfullyyourself.a.otherb.anotherc.somed.any8.Childrenshouldbetaughthowtogetalongwith______.a.anotherb.otherc.othersd.anyother9.Thepoormanlivedonwildberriesandrootsbecausetheyhad______toeat.a.nothingelseb.anythingelsec.somethingotherd.nothingother10.Igotothecinema______day,Tuesdays,Thursdays,andSaturdays.a.eachotherb.everyotherc.thisandtheotherd.allother11.Oneofthepropertiesoflightis______travelinginwaveformasitgoesfromoneplacetoanother.a.itb.it’sc.itsd.their12.______intheworldhasbeenaskedtodohisdutyforthehumansociety.a.Eachofthetrampsb.Everyofthetrampsc.Theeachtrampd.Theeverytramp13.Insomerestaurants,foodandserviceareworsethan______usedtobe.a.theyb.itc.themd.that14.Lettheportertakeallthebaggageoutandput______inthelobby.a.itb.theyc.themd.its15.Everyonewhocomestothepartyisgivenawoodenapplewith_____ownnamescutinitasasouvenir.a.hisb.herc.theird.our16.Everybodyintheclassmustgivein______exercisebookwithinthegiventime.a.theirb.ourc.hisd.her17.Duringthejourney,theboysandgirlsentertained______withsongsandgames.a.themselvesb.theirselvesc.himselfd.itself18.You’dbetterbuy______somefruitswhenyougoonatrip.a.youselfb.myselfc.yourselfd.you19.Theboysinthistownliketobully______.a.oneanotherb.oneandotherc.eachotherd.oneandtheother20.OnecommonfamilynameisBlack,______isAnderson.a.anotherb.theotherc.othersd.noneother21.Ihavetwonovels:oneofthetwois“GonewiththeWind’,and______is“theTaleofTwoCities’.a.anotherb.otherc.noneotherd.theother22.Allgirlswearbeautifulclothes.Somearedressedinred;______ingreen.a.otherb.anotherc.othersd.noneother23.Shecan’tseemtohelpherself.And______canhelpher,either.a.noneelseb.nooneelsec.notanyd.somebodyelse24.Childrencanusuallydress______bytheageoffive.a.himb.themc.hiselfd.themselves25.Thegoldwatchhadbelongedtomeforyears,butthepolicerefusedtobelieveitwas______.a.meb.myc.mined.I’s26.MotherwouldnotletMaryand______attendthehockeygame.a.Ib.myc.med.we27.Inanewsconferencethisafternoon,theuniversityannouncedthat______intendstomakeseveralimportantchangesinnextyear’sbudget.a.heb.itc.shed.they28.______butafoolcanmakesuchamistake.a.Everyoneb.Nootherc.Notalld.None29.ThepoembyBrowningissoobservedthatIcannotgrasp______meaning.a.itsb.it’sc.theird.that30.Themayorfeltthatthepolice,inspiteofthereports,haddone______best.a.itsb.theirc.hisd.our31.Ihaven’tread______ofthelastfourchapters,soIknowlittleaboutthem.a.anythingb.anyc.somed.something32.Aprettyfacemaywinfriendsbutittakescharacterandpersonalitytohold______.a.itb.themc.thatd.one33.Inthediscussion,onespeakerheldthat,sinceweliveinamoney-orientedsociety,theaverageindividualcareslittleaboutsolving______.a.anyoneelse’sproblemsb.anyone’blemsofanyoneelse34.Idon’tknowwhethersmallorangesaresweeterthanbig______.a.thoseb.onesc.oned.that35.‘Howmuchwaterisleftinthebottle?’‘______’a.Nothingb.Nonec.Notsomed.Notone36.Ittooktwoofthemtodotheworkthat______ofuscoulddo.a.someoneb.anyonec.anyoned.everyone37.Hehasfivechildren,and______ofthemisgoodatpainting.a.everyoneb.everybodyd.everyoned.every38.Ihavethreebrothers,______areinBeijing.a.nooneofthemb.neitherofthemc.someofthemd.noneofthem39.Someofmystudentsstudyalot,______justdon’tcare.a.anothersb.theotherc.someotherd.others40.Asamatteroffact,SaudiArabia’soilreservesaresecondonlyto______.a.Kuweitb.thatofKuweitc.Kuweits’sd.thoseofKuweit41.Thisbookof_______usedtobeoneofthebestsellersintheshop.a.hisb.himc.thatmand.this42.Weshouldalwayskeep______well-informedofthechanginginformation.a.usb.oursc.ourselvesd.we43.Theclimatehereisoftensaidtobesimilarto______.a.Japanb.oneofJapanc.thatofJapand.inJapan44.Huntedbyconstantfearofarrest,thethief______tothepoliceatlast.a.a.gaveitupb.gaveuphimselfc.gavehimupd.gavehimselfup45.______oftheboysintheclasswhohavepassedthetestistoreceivecertificates.a.Everyb.Everyonec.Anyd.Anyone46.Doyoubelievethatshehasblamedusfortheaccident,especially______?a.youandmeb.youandIc.Iandyoud.meandyou47.Ofthosewhograduatedwith______,Ellenistheonlyonewhohasfoundagoodjob.a.Bettyandheb.heandBettyc.Bettyandhimd.HimandBetty48.Heissurprisedby______havingtopayfortheaccident.a.youb.yoursc.yourd.your’s49.Thisisalefthandgloveandthatis______.a.otherb.theotheronec.otheroned.another50.Addthoseexamplesto______youhavealreadynoted.a.oneb.theonec.oned.theones51.Haveyougotaticket?Yes,I’vegot______.a.itb.theonec.oned.theones52.There’sthedoorbell;Ihope______Tom.a.itsb.it’sc.isd.he’s53.It’scheapertobuyoldfurniturethantohavenew______made.a.oneb.onesc.furnitured.furnitures54.Thoseofuswhoareoverfiftyyearsoldshouldget______bloodpressurecheckedregularly.a.theirb.their’sc.ourd.ours55.Everymanandwomaneighteenyearsofageorolderiseligibletovoteforthecandidateof______.a.hischoiceb.theirchoicec.thechoiceofhimd.thechoiceoftheirs56.Ibitemynails.Imustbreak______.a.thehabitofmeb.thehabitwithmyselfc.myselfofthehabitd.ofthehabitmyself57.______ofthemsharedmyopinions,sowehave______incommontodiscuss.a.Nobody/alittleb.Few/littlec.Afew/littled.None/many58.Whenscience,businessandartlearnsomethingof______methodsandgoals,theworldwillhavecomeclosertoculturalharmony.a.oneandtheother’sb.eachandtheother’sc.oneanother’sd.theone’sandtheother’s59.Theboyis______ofamusician.a.anyoneb.anythingc.someoned.something60.For______interestedinnature,thecluboffershikesandovernightcampingeachweekduringthesummer.a.themb.whomc.themselvesd.those61.Theuseofradaraswellasthetwo-wayradio______forthepolicetointerceptmostspeeders.a.makeitpossibleb.makesitpossiblec.makespossibled.makeitapossibility62.Thefamilyneveragreeabout______sharesoftheproperty.a.herb.itsc.theird.his63.Theflockofgeesewasflyingthroughtheskyinperfectformationfollowing______leader.a.itsb.theirc.hisd.her64.WhenJonathanwenttoSpainwithhissister,heboughtaleathercoatforherandanotherfor______.a.himb.himselfc.hed.his65.Thoseofuswhowearglassesshouldhave______eyesexaminedatregularintervals.a.theirb.ourc.hisd.her66.FrankadmiredhisfriendsTomandDavid.Heimitated______.a.theirseveryactionb.everyactionoftheirsc.everyoftheiractiond.everyactionoftheirone67.Mydeskis______.a.betweenhisb.betweenhisonec.besidehisoned.besidehis68.“MayIspeaktoIris?”“Thisis______speaking.”a.sheb.hers’sc.hersd.her69.Maryisthelandlady______.a.fromwhowerenttheflatb.fromwhomwerenttheflatb.whomwerenttheflatd.whowerenttheflat70.Givethemessageto______isatthetable.a.whomeverb.whoseverc.whateverd.whoever71.Itwasthroughexperimentation______peoplefoundouthebehaviorofelectricity.a.thatb.whichc./d.the72.______NatTurnerwholedarevoltagainstslaveryinVirginiain1831.a.Wherewasb.Itwasc.Hewasd.itwashim73.Itwasn’t______telephonedme.a.hewhomb.himwhomc.hewhod.hiswho74.Itwas______heboughtthemagazine.a.fromasecond-handstorewhereb.asecond-handstoreinwhichb.inasecond-handstorethatd.inasecond-handstorewhere75.Itwas______lateintheeveningthatthestudentsreturnedtothedormitories.a.tillb.beforec.whend.notuntil76.Itwas______thathedidnotgotoMountLaowithus.a.becausehewasillb.ashewasillb.sincehewasilld.thoughhewasill77.Itwas______thathejoinedtheeveningparty.a.findingComradeLib.foundComradeLic.tofindComradeLid.findComradeLi78.Wasit______sheagreedtohelp?a.veryreluctantlysothatb.veryreluctantlythatb.soreluctantlythatd.veryreluctantlywhen79.______shegavethepostcardsto?a.Whomitwasthatb.Whoitwasthatc.Whowasitthatd.Itwaswhothat80.______thecamelcangoforthreedayswithoutfoodordrink?a.Thatitiswhyb.Thatisitwhyc.Whyitisthatd.Whyisitthat代詞練習(xí)答案1B19A37C55A73C2C20A38D56C74C3B21D39D57B75D4D22C40D58C76A5C23B41A59D77C6A24D42C60D78B7B25C43C61B79C8C26C44D62C80D9A27B45B63A8110B28D46A64B8211C29A47C65B8312A30B48C66B8413A31B49B67D8514C32B50D68A8615A33A51B69B8716A34B52B70D8817A35B53C71A8918C36C54C72B90代詞代詞是代替名詞的詞類(lèi)。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語(yǔ)中的代詞，其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為：人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、自身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種。一、人稱(chēng)代詞是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我們"、"你們"、"他們"的詞。人稱(chēng)代詞有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和格的變化，見(jiàn)下表：數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)格主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱(chēng)Imeweus第二人稱(chēng)youyouyouyou第三人稱(chēng)hehimtheythemshehertheythemitittheythem例如：Heismyfriend.他是我的朋友。It'sme.是我。二、物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種，其人物和數(shù)的變化見(jiàn)下表。數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)形容詞性物主代詞myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs例如：Ilikehiscar.我喜歡他的小汽車(chē)。Ourschoolishere，andtheirsisthere.我們的學(xué)校在這兒，他們的在那兒。三、指示代詞表示"那個(gè)"、"這個(gè)"、"這些"、"那些"等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this，that，these，those等。例如：Thatisagoodidea.那是個(gè)好主意。四、表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我們自己"、"你們自己"和"他們自己"等的代詞，叫做自身代詞，也稱(chēng)為"反身代詞"。例如：Shewastalkingtoherself.她自言自語(yǔ)。五、表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫相互代詞，有eachother和oneanother兩組，但在運(yùn)用中，這兩組詞沒(méi)什么大的區(qū)別。例如：Theyloveeachother.他們彼此相愛(ài)。六、不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見(jiàn)的不定代詞有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代詞，如anybody，something，noone。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，但none和由some，any，no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞只能作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；every和no只能作定語(yǔ)。例如：---Doyouhaveacar?--你有一輛小汽車(chē)嗎？---Yes，Ihaveone.--是的，我有一輛。---Idon'tknowanyofthem.他們，我一個(gè)也不認(rèn)識(shí)。七、疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞都可用作連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句）例如：Tellmewhoheis.告訴我他是誰(shuí)。八、關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等；另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞（先行詞）。例如：Heisthemanwhomyouhavebeenlookingfor.他就是你要找的那個(gè)人。1.人稱(chēng)代詞的用法1）人稱(chēng)代詞的主格在句子中作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如：Johnwaitedawhilebuteventuallyhewenthome.約翰等了一會(huì)兒，最后他回家了。JohnhopedthepassengerwouldbeMaryandindeeditwasshe.約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗，還真是她。說(shuō)明：在復(fù)合句中，如果主句和從句主語(yǔ)相同，代詞主語(yǔ)要用在從句中，名詞主語(yǔ)用在主句中。例如：Whenhearrived,Johnwentstraighttothebank.約翰一到就直接去銀行了。2）人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)，但在口語(yǔ)中也能作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，第一人稱(chēng)在省略句中，還可以作主語(yǔ)。例如：Isawherwiththem,atleast,Ithoughtitwasher.我看到她和他們?cè)谝黄?，至少我認(rèn)為是她。（her做賓語(yǔ)，them做介詞賓語(yǔ)，her做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）a.--Whobrokethevase?--誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶？b.--Me.--我。（me做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)=It'sme.）說(shuō)明：在上面兩例句中，her和me分別作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中多用賓格，在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和I。2.人稱(chēng)代詞之主、賓格的替換1）賓格代替主格a.在簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話中，當(dāng)人稱(chēng)代詞單獨(dú)使用或在not后，多用賓語(yǔ)。----IlikeEnglish.--我喜歡英語(yǔ)。----Metoo.--我也喜歡。----Havemorewine?--再來(lái)點(diǎn)酒喝嗎?----Notme.--我可不要了。b.在表示比較的非正式的文體中，常用賓格代替主格。但如果比較狀語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)保留，則主語(yǔ)只能用主格。HeistallerthanI/me.HeistallerthanIam.2）主格代替賓格a.在介詞but，except后，有時(shí)可用主格代替賓格。b.在電話用語(yǔ)中常用主格。----IwishtospeaktoMary.--我想和瑪麗通話。----Thisisshe.--我就是瑪麗。注意：在動(dòng)詞be或tobe后的人稱(chēng)代詞視其前面的名詞或代詞而定。Ithoughtitwasshe.我以為是她。（主格----主格）Ithoughtittobeher.（賓格----賓格）Iwastakentobeshe.我被當(dāng)成了她。（主格----主格）Theytookmetobeher.他們把我當(dāng)成了她。