TheReproductiveSystem

（生殖系統(tǒng)）

——Perineum

（會陰）Class3--1.PerineumNarrowsenceofperineum

Thenarrowsenceofperineumreferstotheareaoftenbeusedclinicallywhichincludestheareabetweenexternalgenitaliaandanus.Forfemale,italsobecalledobstetricperineum.

Whenthedystociahappens,weshoulduselateralepisiotomy.Ifnot,itwillcauselacerationofperineumandgatism.狹義會陰即是臨床常稱的會陰，系指外生殖器和肛門之間狹小區(qū)域的軟組織。在女性也稱產(chǎn)科會陰。

嬰兒難產(chǎn)時，應(yīng)采用會陰側(cè)切。若否，會造成撕裂傷，嚴(yán)重者會導(dǎo)致大小便失禁Broadsenceofperineum

Broadsenceofperineumreferstoallofthesofttissuesunderthepelvicdiaphragmandsealtheinferiorpelvicaperture.It'sdiamond-shapedandsharesthesameedgeoftheinferiorpelvicaperture.Whichinfrontofitistheloweredgeofthesymphysispubisandthearcuatepubicligamentandbothsidesofitispubicarch,ischialtuberosityandsacrotuberousligament.Atthebackofitthereisapexofcoccyx.1.Perineum廣義會陰

—封閉小骨盆下口的所有軟組織，呈菱形其前界為恥骨聯(lián)合下緣后界為尾骨尖兩側(cè)為恥骨下支、坐骨支、坐骨結(jié)節(jié)和骶結(jié)節(jié)韌帶。UrogenitalregionAnalregion2.Themuscleofperineum1.Levatorani:It'sapairofwildplatmusclesfromthebackofthepubicboneandtheischialspineandthetendinousarchoflevatoranibetweenthem,goesdowninside,toperinealcentraltendonandcoccyxetc.There'satriangulaspaceinzhefrontofthemwhichiscalledtheholeofpelvicdiaphragm.

Mostofpelvicfloorismadeupoflevatorani,andeachsideoflevatoraniconsistsofpubococcygeus,iliococcygrusandpuborectalisfromtheinsidefronttotheoutsideback.1.肛提肌：一對寬的扁肌，起自恥骨后面和坐骨棘及張于兩者之間的肛提肌腱弓，向下內(nèi)，止于會陰中心腱和尾骨等，兩側(cè)肛提肌前份留有三角形的裂隙，稱為盆膈裂孔。肛提肌構(gòu)成骨盆底的大部分，每側(cè)肛提肌自前內(nèi)向后外依次為恥尾肌，髂尾肌和恥骨直腸肌且起最重要的支撐作用。Themuscleofperineum2.Coccygeus（尾骨?。?It'satthebackoflevatoraniwhichisfromischialspinetotheedgeofsacrumandcoccyx位于肛提肌后方，起于坐骨棘，止于骶，尾骨的兩側(cè)緣。function：Helptosealtheinferiorpelvicaperture，supportorgansinpelvisandfixsacrumandcoccyx.作用：協(xié)助封閉骨盆下口，承托盆腔臟器及固定骶、尾骨Levatoraniandcoccygeussealalargepartoftheloweropeningofpelviswhichhasthefunctiono