初中英語選詞填空解題技巧初中英語選詞填空解題技巧初中英語選詞填空解題技巧資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月初中英語選詞填空解題技巧版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：初中英語選詞填空解題技巧根據(jù)平時的觀察，學(xué)生在做英語的“選詞填空”時，遭遇較多困難，有的甚至條件反射一樣畏懼或厭煩。在此，分享平時積累的解題技巧和訓(xùn)練技巧略，希望能給同學(xué)們提供一點幫助。“選詞填空”要求學(xué)生利用所給的12個詞匯(一般有名詞、代詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞、介詞和連詞等)補全一篇有10個空缺的短文。要攻克這一難關(guān)，學(xué)生除了要進行大量的課外閱讀，積累豐富的語言知識外，還需掌握一定的解題技巧。1.在拿到題目后，不要急于看文章，首先對備選的詞匯研究幾遍，對詞性作簡單的標記，例如：名詞-n.，動詞-v.，形容詞-a.，副詞-ad.等等。同時對詞義作初步的理解。2.通讀全文，語義完整、適用、合乎邏輯是做好填詞的前提。通過上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的內(nèi)容，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)固定搭配關(guān)系，憑借語感積極主動地猜測空格中所缺的信息，根據(jù)需要去備選詞匯中尋找匹配的答案。3.在選定單詞后，不要輕率地填入。在填詞過程中，需要瞻前顧后，既要符合本句的含義，又要保證句式結(jié)構(gòu)的正確。★對于名詞，要考慮是否要把它變成復(fù)數(shù)或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches,friend-friend's/friends'。其他還要考慮名詞是否需要變成形容詞，例如：sun-sunny,use-useful/useless/used,danger-dangerous；★對于動詞，要有意識地去考慮時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化以及非謂語動詞形式的變化(動詞不定式-todo,現(xiàn)在分詞-doing,過去分詞-done,固定搭配-enjoydoingsth./usedtodosth./havesth.done…)；★對于形容詞和副詞，要主動去判定它們之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換，是否需要變成比較級或最高級，還有以及形容詞變名詞的需求也需考慮，例如：interesting-more/themostinteresting,happy-happily，happy-happiness;★對于代詞，注意辨別主格、賓格、名詞性和形容詞性物主代詞或反身代詞的用法；★對于數(shù)詞，要注意基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的變化以及分數(shù)和虛實數(shù)的用法，例如：three-third,2/3-twothirds,onethousand/thousandsof；★對于冠詞，只需要在a或an之間判別，如agirl/anoldman;★對于介詞和連詞時，就更簡單，只要符合上下文邏輯或固定短語搭配，填入即可。為了方便記憶，試著記住下面的順口溜：空前空后要注意，“名詞”單復(fù)數(shù)要牢記，還有's不能棄，“動詞”注意要變形，“形副”注意要用三種級，要填“數(shù)詞”請留意，千萬別忘“基”和“序”，填入“代詞”需慎重，五格變化要謹記。4.完成填詞后，應(yīng)通讀全文，復(fù)核校對。檢查單詞拼寫是否正確，是否有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、慣用法及詞語選用上的錯誤，以確保答案的正確性。最后把答案填入答卷時，切勿錯位?？偨Y(jié)：做題技巧1．統(tǒng)覽全局，把握大意。要填的單詞肯定是在一定的語言環(huán)境中才能確定。只有了解了短文的大意，把握了全局才能主導(dǎo)方向，從而有助于正確理解空缺詞所在的句子，縮小詞的選擇范圍。2．根據(jù)語法，判定詞性。一般的空缺都可以通過其所在的句式結(jié)構(gòu)和句法成分來判斷其詞性。進一步縮小詞的選擇范圍,從而正確地選詞。3．利用語境，確定詞形。當確定了一個單詞的詞性后可通過上下文來幫助判斷其形式。如動詞的人稱數(shù)、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、不定式、動詞的-ing形式；名詞的數(shù)和所有格；代詞的各種形式及單復(fù)數(shù)；形容詞、副詞的比較級以及基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換形式等。4．復(fù)讀全文，驗正答案。填完單詞后，不可孤立地逐個檢查詞，而必須將所有填入的詞代入文章中，復(fù)讀全文，仔細檢查所填詞是否符合文章的情景內(nèi)容，讀起來是否流暢，是否合乎句法，單詞拼寫是否有誤，單詞形式是否正確等。發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時更正。通過再讀全文，很可能利用語感將個別特別難的空處順口“讀”出來。例題：（2010年河南省中招選詞填空題節(jié)選）閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整。請將答寫在短文后相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。方框中有兩個詞是多余的。dirtywithhavealwaystimetheylargewantspeaklessonfirstdropAfteraquickbreakfast,Iwentintothelecturehallinahurry．Afamousteacherwas66tothestudents．Hewasholdingupa$100bill．Thenhesaidtothethreehundredstudents，“Whowouldlikethis$100bill”

Thestudentsputup67handsatonce．Thenhesaid，“Iamgoingtogivethis$100billtooneofyou，but68，letmedothis．”Hemadethebillintoaball．Thenhesaid.“Who69itnow”Thehandswentbackintotheair．“Well,”hesaid，“whatifIdothis”andhe70itonthefloorandsteppedonit．Hepickedupthe7lbillandsaid．“Whostillwantsit”

Handswentbackagainintotheair.”Myfriends,”hesaid，“youhavelearnedavaluable(有價值的)72today．NomatterwhatIdidtothe$100bill!Many73inourlife，wearedroppedandsteppedon．Wefeelasifweareworthnothing．Butremember,nomatterwhat74happenedtoyou，youwillneverloseyourvalue：Youare75valuabletothosepeoplewholoveyou．Yourvaluedoesn’tcomefromwhatyoudoorwhomyouknow,butwhoyouare.”dirty<adj.>maketheroomdirtywith<prep>---without<prep>dirty<adj.>maketheroomdirtywith<prep>---without<prep>have擁有<實義動詞>--has(單三)had(過去式)have<助動詞>：構(gòu)成完成時havedone/hasdone/haddonealways<adv.>：bealwaysdoing一直干某事time<U.>時間haveagood/badtimeTimeisprecious.<C.>時代inmodern/oldtimesthey<pron.>they主格---them賓格---themselves反身代詞their形容詞性物主代詞-----theirs名詞性物主代詞7.large<adj.>比較級larger最高級largest副詞largely8.want<v.>wantsth.wantsb.todosth.9.speak<vi.>speakto/withsb.speakaboutsth.10.givesb.alesson給某人個教訓(xùn)learnalesson學(xué)習(xí)一課11.first---firstly;atfirst;then…12drop<vt.>--dropped–dropped;dropsth.ontheground缺詞通讀全文，經(jīng)行預(yù)判3.瞻前顧后，仔細填空，注意單詞的變形。針對性練習(xí)：（一）forget，bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same，differently，I，every，stop，eachMr.Brownhadanumbrellashopinasmalltown.Peoplesometimes1____________himbrokenumbrellas,andthenhetookthemtoabigshopinLondon.Theywere2____________there.OnedayMr.BrownwenttoLondonbytrain.He3____________totakeanumbrellawithhimthatday.Sittinginfrontofhimwasamanwithanumbrellastanding4____________theseat.WhenthetrainarrivedinLondon,Mr.Brown5____________uptheumbrellaasheoftendidduringhisjourneybytrain.Justashewasgettingoff,hewas6____________bytheman.Hesaidangrily,“That’s7____________!”Mr.Brown’sfaceturnedredandhegaveitbacktothemanatonce.WhenMrBrowngottothebigshop,theshopkeeperhadgothissixumbrellasready.Afteragoodlookat8____________ofthem,hesaid,“You’vemendedthemverywell.”Intheafternoonhegotintothetrainagain.The9____________manwasinthesameseat.HelookedatMrBrownandhissixumbrellas,“You’vehada10____________day,”hesaid.（二）before,discover,fast,in,come,watch,so,fastit,ago,shine,notcanLighttravelsataspeed(速度)whichisaboutamilliontimes1____________thanthatofsound.2___________onesecond,lighttravelsabout300,000kilometers,butsoundtravelsonly340meters.Youcangetsomeideaofthisdifferenceby3______________thestartofarunningmatch.Ifyoustandfarawayfromthestarter(發(fā)令員),youcanseesmoke4____________fromhisgun5____________thesoundreachesyourears.Thefastspeedoflightproducessomestrangefacts.Theneareststaris6____________farawaythatlightwhichyoucanseefromittonightstartedtotraveltoyoufouryears7____________ataspeedofnearlytwomillionkilometerseveryminute.Thelightfromsomeoftonight’sstartedon8____________journeytowardsyouevenbeforeyouwereborn.So,ifwewanttobehonest,we9____________say,“Thestarsareshiningbrightlytonight.”Wehavetosay,“Thestarslooknice.Theywere10___________fouryearsagobuttheirlighthasjustreachedourearth.”（三）all，any，behave，difference，drink，eat，enjoy，fine，other，real，surprise，theseOncetherewasateacherwhotookallhisstudentsfortea.Whatmadethestudents1____________wasthatallthecupsonthetablewere2___________.Eachofthemtookacupandstarted3______________theirowntea,lookingatthe4____________cups.Theteachersaid;"Doyounoticeyour5____________Youarealllookingateachother'steacupsand

6____________ofyouevenenvy(羨慕)the7____________cupsofothers."Thenhewenton:"Iputthedifferentcupshereonpurpose!Lifeislike8___________tea.Youallhavethesamethinginyourcups—tea.Andyetyoucan't9____________enjoyitinyourenvyofanother'scup.Youforget10___________yourownlifewhenyouenvysomeoneelse'slife.Sonow,tasteyourowntea!Doesitmatterfromwhichcupitcomesfrom"

（四）much,arm,wait,see,when,spend,she,worry,have,growOnlyMotherLoveistruelove.Itgiveseverybodyeverythingallhislife.1____________youarestillababy,mothertakesgoodcareofyouasmuchaspossible.Inyourwakinghoursshealwaysholdsyouinher2___________.Whenyouareill,shestopsherworkrightnowtolookafteryoudayandnightandforgetsabout3______________.Whenyouare4____________updaybyday,shefeelsveryhappy.Whenyouareoldenoughtogotoschool,motherstilllooksafteryouallthetime.Oncoldwinterdays,shealwaystellsyoutoputon5____________clothes.Shealwaysstandsinthewind6____________foryoubackfromschool.Whenyouhurrytoleavehomeforschoolwithlittlebreakfast,shealwaysfeels7____________aboutyouathome.Sheusuallyknowsaboutyourstudyand8___________muchmoneyonyourschoolthings.Whenyoudowellatschool,thebrightestsmilewillbe9____________onherface.Motherisalwaysreadytogiveeverythingshe10___________toherchildren,nottoreceive.Whattruelovethatisintheworld!WewillrememberMotherLoveforever.典型例題1.erested8.playing9.safety10.thankful（一）1.brought2.mended3.forgot4.beside5.picked6.stopped7.mine8.each9.same10.lucky（二）1.faster2.Ie5.before6.so7.ago8.its9.cannot10.shining（三）l．surprised 2．different 3．drinking 4．others’ 5．behavior 6．some 7．finer 8．this 9．really l0．toenjoy（四）71-80When,arms,hersef,growing,more,waiting,worried,spends,seen,has補全對話題型解讀中考采用的都是給出選項的形式，它共有5小題，每題要求選出符合情境的一個句子，完成一段10到14個來回的對話，以此來考查學(xué)生在具體情景和上下文中口語交際的能力?！队⒄Z新課程標準》要求學(xué)生掌握初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)會使用一些常用的功能意念項目以達到初步交際的目的。這些功能意念項目包括：問候、介紹、告別、感謝、道歉、邀請、請求允許、祝愿和祝賀、提供幫助、約會、打電話、就餐、就醫(yī)、購物、問路、談?wù)撎鞖?、語言交際困難、提醒注意、勸告、建議等20個項目。1.對職業(yè)提問：Whatdoeshisfatherdo

Hisfatherisadoctor.2.對人物身份提問：Whoistheboy

Heismyfriend.

3.對人物性格提問：WhatisyourteacherlikeHeiskind-hearted.

4.對人物長相提問：WhatdoesTomlooklikeHeisverytallandhascurlyhair.

5.對天氣提問：Howistheweather

Itisverycoldthere.

6.對顏色提問：Whatcolorisyourbackpack

Itisgreenandblue.

7.對時間提問：Whattimeisitnow

It’s7:00now.

8.對星期提問：Whatdayistoday

TodayisTuesday.

9.對日期提問：Whatisthedatetoday

TodayisMay2,2008.

10.對年齡提問：Howoldisyourbrother

Heis15yearsold.

11.對延續(xù)時間段的提問：HowlonghasSallylivedhere

Shehaslivedherefor5years.

12.對距離的提問：Howfarisyourschool

Itishalfanhour’swalkfromhere.

13.對動作頻率的提問：Howoftendoesshegotovisithergrandma

Shegoestovisithergrandmaonceaweek.

14.對即將發(fā)生動詞時間段的提問：Howsoonwilltheteacherbeback

Hewillbebackinaweek.

15.對具體數(shù)量的提問：Howmanybooksdidhebuy

Hebought10books.

16.對量或價錢的提問：Howmuchdoestheshirtcost

Itcosther200dollars.

針對性練習(xí)：補全對話（一）(打電話+約會)

A:Hello,mayIspeaktoDavid

B:_________________________________________.(1)

A:Hi,David!ThisisLinTaospeaking.

B:Hi,LinTao.What’sup?

A:WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?

B:_________________________________________.(2)Doyouhaveanyideas?

A:Shallwegotothezoo

Ihearthere’sadolphinshowthere.

B:AdolphinshowGoodidea!____________