StandardTime標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)講師:王茜棻Chapter0:IntroductiontoMotionandTimeStudy

第零章:動(dòng)作及時(shí)間研究簡(jiǎn)介WhydoweneedtheMotionandTimestudy?我們?yōu)楹涡枰M(jìn)行動(dòng)作及時(shí)間研究?“Timeismoney”andatimestandardtellsusexactlyhowmuchmoney.”

“時(shí)間就是金錢”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)即精確地表明金錢之多寡Theaverageperformanceofamanufacturingplant:工時(shí)系統(tǒng)之於製造廠績(jī)效的關(guān)係-1.W/OTimestandard---------------60%

無(wú)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)系統(tǒng)-2.W/ITimestandard---------------85%導(dǎo)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)系統(tǒng)-3.W/IIncentivesystems---------------120%導(dǎo)入獎(jiǎng)工(激勵(lì))系統(tǒng)PerformanceIncreasing績(jī)效提昇42%42%Section0-1:WheretheSTDtimeaffects

第0-1節(jié):標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)影響之範(fàn)疇-1.Costestimation/成本衡量-2.Productionandinventorycontrol/生產(chǎn)及存量控制-3.Plantlayout/工廠佈置-4.Materialsandprocessplanning/物料及程序規(guī)劃-5.Quality/品質(zhì)-6.Safety/工作安全Section2:WheretouseMotionstudies

第0-2節(jié):動(dòng)作研究使用之範(fàn)疇Develop/製程發(fā)展-1.thebestworkmethod

較佳之工作方法-2.motionconsciousnessonthepartofallemployees

建立全員之動(dòng)作經(jīng)濟(jì)意識(shí)-3.economicalandefficienttools,fixtures,andproductionaids

設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)有效之工具,治具,及生產(chǎn)之輔助Assistintheselectionofnewmachineandequipment

選擇新機(jī)器及設(shè)備之輔助Trainnewemployeesinthepreferredmethod

以適當(dāng)之方法訓(xùn)練新進(jìn)員工Reduceeffortandcost

降低工作負(fù)荷及成本Section3:ThedeviationofMotionv.s.Timestudy

第0-3節(jié):動(dòng)作與時(shí)間研究之差異

Motionstudy/動(dòng)作研究Timestudy/時(shí)間研究Costreduction/成本降低Costcontrol/成本控制Todesign,improvement用以設(shè)計(jì)及改善Tomeasure/用以衡量Technology/技術(shù)Processchart/程序圖FlowDiagrams/流程圖Multi-activitychart/多動(dòng)圖Operationcharts/操作圖Flowprocesschart/流程程序圖PTSS/預(yù)定時(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)Stopwatchtimestudy/馬錶時(shí)間研究Standarddatatimestandard/標(biāo)準(zhǔn)資料時(shí)間系統(tǒng)Worksamplingtimestandard/工作抽查Expertopinionstandard/

專家時(shí)間系統(tǒng)Chapter1:TheimportanceandUsesofMotionandTimestudy

第0-1節(jié):動(dòng)作及時(shí)間研究之重要性及使用範(fàn)疇之一Timestandardareusedto:1~5時(shí)間研究之使用範(fàn)疇1.Determine/確認(rèn)-1.thenumberofmachinesortoolsrequired

機(jī)器及工具之需求數(shù)量-2.thenumberofproductionpeopletohire生產(chǎn)作業(yè)員工之需求數(shù)量-3.manufacturingcostandsellingprice

製造成本及銷售價(jià)格-4.Assemblylinebalanceandplantlayoutofalldepartmentsandequipment

組立線平衡與部門及設(shè)備之佈置-5.individualworkperformanceandidentifyoperationsthathavingproblem

個(gè)別工作績(jī)效及操作問題之確認(rèn)Chapter1:TheimportanceandUsesofMotionandTimestudy

第1-1節(jié):動(dòng)作及時(shí)間研究之重要性及使用範(fàn)疇之二2.Evaluate/估算-1.costreductionsandchoosethebestmethod

成本降低及較佳方法之選擇-2.newequipmentpurchasesandjustifytheirexpense

採(cǎi)購(gòu)新設(shè)備及其費(fèi)用之評(píng)斷3.Schedule/生產(chǎn)排程machines,operations,andpeopletogetworkontime

使機(jī)器,生產(chǎn)及操作人員能準(zhǔn)時(shí)作業(yè)4.Payincentivewages/獎(jiǎng)工薪資forimprovedandoutstandingperformance

對(duì)於以改善及優(yōu)異之員工績(jī)效5.Developoperationmanpowerbudgetstomeasuremanagementperformance

估算預(yù)算以衡量管理績(jī)效Chapter1:TheimportanceandUsesofMotionandTimestudy

第1-2節(jié):標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)之定義之一WhatisaTimestandard/何謂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)Atimestandardisthetimerequiredtoproduceaproductataworkstationwiththefollowing3conditions:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí):於一工作站製作一產(chǎn)品所需要之時(shí)間,並需符合下列三條件1.Aqualified,well-trainedoperator以合格,受良好訓(xùn)練之作業(yè)員作業(yè)2.Workingatanormalpace以正常之工作速度作業(yè)3.Doingaspecifictask

執(zhí)行一特定之作業(yè)

Thetimestandardisonlygoodforthisonesetofspecificconditions.Ifanythingchanges,thetimestandardmustchange.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)僅於符合此三條件時(shí),方才成立,若任一條件變更即需變更標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)Chapter1:TheimportanceandUsesofMotionandTimestudy

第1-2節(jié):標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)之定義之二WhatisaTimestandard

/何謂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)1.Aqualified,well-trainedoperator/一合格,受良好訓(xùn)練之作業(yè)員作業(yè)Experienceisusuallywhatmakesaqualified,well-trainedoperator.經(jīng)驗(yàn)即造就一合格,受良好訓(xùn)練之作業(yè)員作業(yè)Timeonjobisourbestindicationofexperience

作業(yè)時(shí)間即最佳之經(jīng)驗(yàn)指標(biāo)Agoodruleofthumb:Togivethatperson2weeksonthejobperiodtothetimestudy概估法:於時(shí)間研究時(shí),予作業(yè)人員二週時(shí)間熟悉作業(yè)Chapter1:TheimportanceandUsesofMotionandTimestudy

第1-2節(jié):標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)之定義之三WhatisaTimestandard/何謂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)2.Workingatanormalpace/以正常之工作速度作業(yè)Anormalpaceiscomfortableformostpersonanddefinedas100%

正常速率即大多數(shù)作業(yè)者感到舒適之速率並定義為100%Timestandardofnormalpacecommonlyusedare:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)之正常速率一般以下列為之-1.Walking264feetin1min.(80.47m/min,4.83km/hr)

一小時(shí)步行264英呎/分速=80.47公尺/時(shí)速=4.83公里-2.Dealing52cardsinto4equalstacksin0.5min.(0.714sec/pcs)

0.5分鐘將52張補(bǔ)撲克牌發(fā)至4等份/每張0.741秒-3.Fillinga30-pinboardin0.435min.(0.87sec/pcs)0.435分鐘內(nèi)將30支插枵插回插枵板Trainingfilmsforratingarealsousedtodevelopthisconcept.訓(xùn)練“評(píng)比”之影帶通常用以培養(yǎng)此概念Chapter1:TheimportanceandUsesofMotionandTimestudy第1-2節(jié):標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)時(shí)之定定義之之四WhatisaTimestandard/何謂標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工工時(shí)3.Doingaspecifictask/執(zhí)行一一特定定之作作業(yè)-1.Theprescribedworkmethod規(guī)定之之作業(yè)業(yè)方法法-2.Thematerialspecification零件規(guī)規(guī)格-3.Thetoolandequipmentbeingused使用之之工具具及設(shè)設(shè)備-4.Thepositionofincomingandoutgoingmaterial物料進(jìn)進(jìn)出之之位置置-5.Additionalrequirementlikesafety,quality,housekeeping,andmaintenancetasks額外之之要求求:如如安全全,品品質(zhì),5S,保保養(yǎng)Chapter1:TheimportanceandUsesofMotionandTimestudy第1-3節(jié):標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)時(shí)之傳傳達(dá)方方式之之一Howtocommunicateatimestandard如何傳傳達(dá)標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工工時(shí)-1.Thedecimalminute(e.g.,0.1min)十進(jìn)位位之分分鐘-2.PCsperhour(roundedofftowholenumbers,unlesslessthantenperhour)每小時(shí)時(shí)產(chǎn)出出幾單單位-3.HourperPCs(alwaysin5decimalplace,e.g.,0.00008).Manycompanyusehoursper1,000PCs.每單位位花幾幾小時(shí)時(shí),許許多公公司通通常以以1000單位位花幾幾小時(shí)時(shí)表示示Chapter1:TheimportanceandUsesofMotionandTimestudy第1-3節(jié):標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)時(shí)之傳傳達(dá)方方式之之二Acertimestandardreport宏碁標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工工時(shí)格格式Chapter1:TheimportanceandUsesofMotionandTimestudy第1-5節(jié):標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)時(shí)之運(yùn)用之一Useoftimestandard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工工時(shí)之之運(yùn)用用-1.Howmanymachinesdoweneed需配置置多少少機(jī)器器-2.Howmanypeopleshouldwehire需僱用用多少少員工工-3.Howmuchwillourproductcost產(chǎn)品之之成本本-4.Whenwestartingajob何時(shí)開開始作作業(yè)-a.Howmuchworkcanwehandlewiththeequipmentandpeoplewehave以現(xiàn)有有之設(shè)設(shè)備及及人工工,可可處處理多多少工工作Chapter1:TheimportanceandUsesofMotionandTimestudy第1-5節(jié):標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)之運(yùn)用之二Useoftimestandard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)之之運(yùn)用-b.Howdowescheduleandloadmachines,workcenters,departments,andpeople如何規(guī)劃?rùn)C(jī)機(jī)器,工作作站,各部部門及員工工之排程-5.Howdowebalancetheworkloadamongpeopleonassemblyandpack-outlines如何平衡組組立線,使使每一工作作站之負(fù)荷荷均等-6.Howdowemeasureproductivity如何衡量生生產(chǎn)力-7.Howcanwepayourpeopleforoutstandingperformance如何獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)傑傑出之員工工Chapter1:TheimportanceandUsesofMotionandTimestudy第1-5節(jié):標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)之運(yùn)用之三Useoftimestandard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)之之運(yùn)用-8.Howcanselectthebestmethodorevaluatecostreductionideas如何選擇較較佳之方法法或評(píng)估降降低成本之之方法-9.Howdoyouevaluatenewequipmentpurchasestojustifytheirexpense如何評(píng)估採(cǎi)採(cǎi)購(gòu)新設(shè)備備及其費(fèi)用用之評(píng)斷-10.Howdowedevelopamanpowerbudget如何編列人人力預(yù)算Chapter2:Timestudy第2-1節(jié):時(shí)間間研究之工工具1.碼錶(STOPWATCH)2.觀測(cè)板(TIMESTUDYBOARD)3.時(shí)間研究表表格(TIMESTUDYFORM)A.工具:ToolsChapter2:Timestudy第2-1節(jié):時(shí)間間研究之實(shí)施步驟B.實(shí)施步驟:Methodology1.收集操作有有關(guān)資料Gatheringrelateddata2.劃分單元Dividetoseveralunits3.觀測(cè)操作時(shí)時(shí)間Measuretheoperationtime4.決定觀測(cè)週週期數(shù)Comeouttheobservedtimes5.評(píng)比/Rating6.檢視觀測(cè)週週期數(shù)Reviewtheobservedtimes7.寬放/Setallowance8.訂定操作標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間SettingSTDtimeC.單元?jiǎng)澐衷瓌t:1.越短越佳(0.04分以上)2.分開MANUAL&MACHINETIME3.段落分明4.不變&可變單元明確劃分5.規(guī)則&間歇性單元明確劃分6.物料搬運(yùn)&其他單元分開D.測(cè)時(shí)方法:1.連續(xù)測(cè)時(shí)法(CONTINUOUSMETHOD2.歸零法(SNAP-BACKMETHOD)Chapter2:Timestudy第2-1節(jié):時(shí)間間研究之實(shí)施步驟Chapter3:CalculationofProductivity&Efficiency第3-1節(jié):各時(shí)間之定定義出勤工時(shí)Presenthr加班Overtime轉(zhuǎn)入工時(shí)Turn-Inhr缺勤Absenthr轉(zhuǎn)出工時(shí)Turn-outhr可用工時(shí)Availablehr非生產(chǎn)性工工時(shí)Non-productivityhr生產(chǎn)總工時(shí)時(shí)Manufacturinghr獲得工時(shí)EarnedhrA.各時(shí)間之定定義/Timespecification標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)=觀測(cè)時(shí)間x評(píng)比係數(shù)+寬放=正常時(shí)間+寬放時(shí)間=正常時(shí)間(1+寬放率)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)觀測(cè)時(shí)間以評(píng)比的修正部份寬放時(shí)間正常時(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)會(huì)計(jì)工時(shí)(計(jì)算直接人工或成本用的工時(shí))A.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)的架架構(gòu)/StructureChapter3:CalculationofProductivity&Efficiency第3-2節(jié):標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工工時(shí)之架構(gòu)構(gòu)B.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)架架構(gòu)：1.UH工工時(shí)=標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工工時(shí)=不不受干擾擾的工時(shí)=UNHAMPERHR(計(jì)算效率率用)2.AC工時(shí)時(shí)=會(huì)會(huì)計(jì)計(jì)工工時(shí)時(shí)=計(jì)計(jì)算算成成本本用用的的工工時(shí)時(shí)(計(jì)計(jì)算算生生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)力力用用)=UH工工時(shí)時(shí)x間間直直人人員員係係數(shù)數(shù)/生生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)力力係係數(shù)數(shù)3.不不平平衡衡損損失失=X100%(瓶瓶頸頸站站工工時(shí)時(shí)x投投入入人人力力)-各各站站工工時(shí)時(shí)累累計(jì)計(jì)瓶頸頸站站工工時(shí)時(shí)x投投入入人人力力(REMARK:PCB<=4%;CASE<=8%;NBCASE<=10%)4.製製程程別別工工時(shí)時(shí)分分類類=ACCESSORY標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)工工時(shí)時(shí)SMTPCBCASEREMARK:標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)工工時(shí)時(shí)估估計(jì)計(jì)書書請(qǐng)請(qǐng)參參閱閱附附件件Chapter3:CalculationofProductivity&Efficiency第3-2節(jié):標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)工工時(shí)時(shí)之之架架構(gòu)構(gòu)Chapter3:CalculationofProductivity&Efficiency第3-3節(jié):生生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)力力&效率率之定定義義生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)力力Productivity獲得得工工時(shí)時(shí)Earnedhr效率率Efficiency可用用工工時(shí)時(shí)Availablehr生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)總總工工時(shí)時(shí)Manufacturinghr獲得得工工時(shí)時(shí)EarnedhrA.定義義DefinitionB.效效率率及及生生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)力力計(jì)計(jì)算算:1.出出勤勤工工時(shí)時(shí)=8.6HRX出出勤勤人人數(shù)數(shù)(H/C)2.可用用工工時(shí)時(shí)=出出勤勤工工時(shí)時(shí)+加加班班+轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)入入工工時(shí)時(shí)-轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)出出工工時(shí)時(shí)-缺缺勤勤3.總總製製造造工工時(shí)時(shí)=可可用用工工時(shí)時(shí)-非非生生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)性性工工時(shí)時(shí)4.總總標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)工工時(shí)時(shí)=總總產(chǎn)產(chǎn)量量X每每臺(tái)臺(tái)標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)工工時(shí)時(shí)(UHHR)5.效率率=OUTPUTINPUT=總標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)總製造工時(shí)6.生產(chǎn)力=OUTPUT總標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工時(shí)INPUT=可用工時(shí)7.日產(chǎn)量=投入人力x515分分UH工時(shí)8.站數(shù)=預(yù)計(jì)產(chǎn)量XUH工時(shí)每日工作時(shí)間間Chapter3:CalculationofProductivity&Efficiency第3-3節(jié):生產(chǎn)力&效率之定義C.HowtoaccessStandardTimeTableDT:NMICsystem-0(AcerLaborHourSystem)SMTAIDIPCASENB:NMICsystem-8/P2PCB/(AIHMobilPlantLaborHour)SMTPCBACASERemark:From6/M’2001,therewillintegratedinoneaddressonlyChapter3:CalculationofProductivity&Efficiency第3-3節(jié):生產(chǎn)力&效率之定義EarnedHr.=OutputQ’tyxSTDtimeOutputQ’tyStep1.EarnedHr.calculation**TTLEarnedHr.=0.0+151.8+52.2+0.0=203.9Chapter3:Example-DailyreportAvailableHr.(311.5)=H/C(47)*WorkingHr@Day(9)-Absent(13.5)+Overtime(0)+Turn-in(0)-Turn-out(9.8)*2-1:Non-ProductivityHr.**Non-ProductivityHr.rate