Chapt?er4SBIUnits?7-8☆重點(diǎn)句型☆1.Where?there?isariver?,there?isacity.where?引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀?語(yǔ)從句2.Stron?g,proud?andunite?d,thepeopl?eofSt.Peter?sburg?arethemodem?heroe?sofRussi?a.形容詞作狀?語(yǔ)3.Wewould?doevery?thing?wecantosaveourcity.表示“竭盡全力”的說(shuō)法4.I'drathe?rwatch?itthanplayit.would?rathe?r的用法5.Every?fouryears?,athle?tesfromallovertheworld?takepartintheOlymp?icGames?.表示“每隔……”的說(shuō)法6.Tomakeitthebestevergames?,thecapit?alcitywillmakesever?albigchang?es.不定式作目?的狀語(yǔ)7.Itistrue/certa?in...that...it作形式?主語(yǔ)代替主?語(yǔ)從句8.YaoMinghasmorethanjustsize.morethan的用法☆重點(diǎn)詞匯☆1.cultu?raladj.文化的2.repre?sentvt.代表；表現(xiàn)3.inclu?devt.包括；包含4.beaut?yn.美；美景5.portr?aitn.肖像6.recre?atevt.再創(chuàng)造7.perio?dn.一段時(shí)間8.damag?en.&vt.損害；傷害9.websi?ten.網(wǎng)址10.ancie?ntadj.古代的11.proje?ctn.計(jì)劃；方案；工程12.offic?ialn.&adj.官員；官方的13.pollu?tionn.污染14.limit?vt.&n.限制；有限15.since?relyadv.真誠(chéng)地16.conti?nentn.大陸；陸地17.athle?ten.運(yùn)動(dòng)員18.compe?titor?n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者；對(duì)手19.motto?n.座右銘20.rankvi.分等級(jí)；排名21.prepa?revt.準(zhǔn)備22.profi?len.簡(jiǎn)介23.weigh?tn.重力；重量24.posit?ionn.位置；職位25.facia?ladj.面部的26.gestu?ren.手勢(shì)；姿態(tài)27.effec?tn.影響；效果28.title?n.題目；頭銜☆重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)☆1.givein讓步；投降2.inruins?廢墟；遺跡3.bring?...backtolife使蘇醒；使生動(dòng)4.pulldown拆毀；推毀5.setup設(shè)立；建立6.stand?for代表；代替7.becau?seof因?yàn)?；由?.inprepa?ratio?nfor為……準(zhǔn)備9.inone'sopini?on以某人看來(lái)?10.under?attac?k被襲11.withthehelpof在……的幫助下12.Inmodem?times?在現(xiàn)代；在近代13.asfollo?ws如下14.chang?eone'smind改變主意15.liveone'sdream?實(shí)踐某人的?夢(mèng)想16.inpiece?s碎片17.track?andfield?田徑18.takepartin參加19.sofar到目前為止?20.havegreat?effec?tsonsb.對(duì)某人有深?刻的影響短語(yǔ)闖關(guān)下列短語(yǔ)都?是這兩個(gè)單?元學(xué)過(guò)的重?要短語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)在橫線?上填人一個(gè)?正確的詞，每個(gè)詞5分?，80分才能過(guò)關(guān)，你一定能過(guò)?關(guān)，做好了闖關(guān)?的準(zhǔn)備嗎?那么我們就開(kāi)始吧??1.give____讓步；投降；屈服2.____ruins?成為廢墟；遭到嚴(yán)重破?壞3.bring?...backto____使蘇醒；使生動(dòng)；使活潑4.pull____拆毀，摧毀；推翻5.set____設(shè)立，創(chuàng)立6.stand?____代表；代替；象征；支持7.becau?se____因?yàn)椋捎?.____skati?ng速滑9.____andfield?田徑10.would?____寧愿，寧可11.take____參加12.____prepa?ratio?nfor為……準(zhǔn)備13.____fouryears?每四年14.look____over俯?視；面朝……15.____moder?ntimes?(在)現(xiàn)代16.do/tryone's____盡全力17.liveone's____實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想18.be____on建立在?……基礎(chǔ)上19.____one'sopini?on在某人?看來(lái)20.____attac?k受到攻擊?☆交際用語(yǔ)☆1.Youshoul?dtaketheadvic?eofyourteach?er.2.Itmight?be,Isuppo?se.3.Goodtry,butnotquite?right?.4.Thank?sforyouradvic?ebutIhavetoconsi?deritmysel?f.5.Whatabout?…?Howabout?…?Whynot…?6.What'syourfavor?itesport??7.Which?would?youprefe?ror...?8.Areyouinter?bredin...?9.Iprefe?rfishi?ngtoswimm?ing.10.Whatposit?iondoyouplay?☆詞匯短語(yǔ)☆【考點(diǎn)2】effec?t的用法▲構(gòu)詞：effec?tiveadj.有效的．被實(shí)施的，給人深刻印?象的，實(shí)際的．現(xiàn)行的▲搭配：①beofnoeffec?t無(wú)效，沒(méi)有作用。不中用②bring?/carry?/putintoeffec?t實(shí)行，實(shí)施，使生效，實(shí)現(xiàn)③come/gointoeffec?t開(kāi)始生效，開(kāi)始實(shí)施④have(an)effec?ton/upon對(duì)……有影響；對(duì)……起作用，產(chǎn)生效果⑤have/takeeffec?t見(jiàn)效，生效；開(kāi)始發(fā)生作?用；實(shí)施，實(shí)行⑥ineffec?t實(shí)際上；(規(guī)律，法律等)生效，有效，在實(shí)行中【考例2】[2004遼?寧]Decid?ingontheamoun?tofwater?thatwillbeusedinanyparti?cular?perio?drequi?rescare—fulplann?ing,sothatpeopl?ecanmanag?eandusewater?more____.A.effec?tivel?yB.easil?yC.conve?nient?lyD.activ?ely[考查目標(biāo)]考查eff?ect及其?派生詞的詞?義。[答案與解析?]Aeffec?tivel?y是eff?ect的副?詞形式．意思是“高效地”。【考點(diǎn)5】escap?e的用法▲搭配：①escap?efrom/outof從……漏出／逸出；從……逃脫②escap?edoing?sth避免做某事?【考例5】Thefirewastoostron?gthatnobod?ycould?____fromthebuild?ing．A.rescu?eB.escap?eC.setfreeD.letout[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查e?scape?的詞義。[答案與解析?]Bescap?e意思是“逃脫，逃跑”，常和廠tom等?介詞連用?！究键c(diǎn)6】feed的?用法▲搭配：①feed...on/withsth以某物喂(養(yǎng))……②feedsthto...把某物喂給?……③feedonsth以某物為食?【考例6】Thenewscamethatthebaby____verywell,sotheparen?tsstopp?edworry?ing.A.wasfedB.wasfedonC.fedD.fedon[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查f?eed以及?feedon的用法?。[答案與解析?]Aon的后面?接表示“食品”的名詞或代?詞，本句沒(méi)有這?類(lèi)名詞。因此on不?能保留。【考點(diǎn)3】free的?用法▲構(gòu)詞：①freed?omn.自由，自主，無(wú)拘束，率直，隨便②freel?yadv.▲搭配：①befreetodosth可以自由／隨便做某事?②forfree=freeofcharg?e免費(fèi)地，無(wú)償?shù)丌踫etsb.free釋放某人，使某人獲得?自由【考例3】[2000京?皖春招]Thenewonesalway?swentwildatfirst?，butthisnever?laste?dlong.The____tooksomegetti?ngusedto.A.freed?omB.habit?C.timeD.peopl?e[考查目標(biāo)]考查fre?e及其派生?詞的意思。[答案與解析?]Afreed?om是fr?ee的名詞?形式，意思是“自由，隨便”?！究键c(diǎn)4】hold的?用法▲搭配：①get/take/catch?/lay/keep/seize?holdof抓?、趌oseholdof松手放?開(kāi)．放棄③holdback躊躇，阻止．抑制(情感、情緒)，隱而不宣④holddown保有(一份T作)；壓迫；壓低；控制⑤holdin抑制，壓抑⑥holdonese?lfin壓抑自己的?情感⑦h(yuǎn)oldoff(使)保持距離⑧holdon堅(jiān)持，保持堅(jiān)定；(打電話時(shí))等一下。別掛斷⑨holdonto不丟掉；保持【考例4】[NMET2002]Wethoug?htofselli?ngthisoldfurni?ture,butwe'vedecid?edto____it.Itmight?bevalua?ble.A.hold0ntoB.keepuDwithC.turntoD.lookafter?[考查目標(biāo)]hold構(gòu)?成的詞組的?意義。[答案與解析?]Aholdonto意思是?“保存．不丟棄”。1.inclu?devt.包括；包含；列在里面Ithink?you'llfindtheplaninclu?desmostofyoursugge?stion?s.我想你會(huì)發(fā)?現(xiàn)這個(gè)計(jì)劃?包括了你的?大部分建議?。Iinclu?dedeggso?nthelistofthing?stobuy.我把雞蛋列?在要買(mǎi)的東?西中了。Myjobdoesn?'tinclu?demakin?gcoffe?efortheboss.為老板煮咖?啡不是我工?作份內(nèi)的事?。[比較]inclu?ding“包括”，表主動(dòng)；inclu?ded“包括”，表被動(dòng)I'morder?ingsomeextra?offic?eequip?ment.somenewdesks?andawordproce?ssorinclu?ded.inclu?dingsomenewdesks?andawordproce?ssor.我準(zhǔn)備額外?訂購(gòu)一些辦?公室設(shè)備，包括一些新?的辦公桌和一臺(tái)?文字處理機(jī)??！究键c(diǎn)7】limit?的用法▲構(gòu)詞：limit?edadj.有限的▲搭配：①gobeyon?d/overthelimit?超過(guò)限度②reach?thelimit?of達(dá)到……的極限▲辨析：limit?；restr?ict這兩?個(gè)動(dòng)詞的一?般含義為“限制”或“局限”。limit?指時(shí)、空、程度、蟹等方面的?“限定”。其內(nèi)涵是如?果超出了這種?限度就會(huì)受?罰或遭到令?人不快的后?果；此外，這個(gè)詞也常?用來(lái)表示“局限”。例如：Youshoul?dlimit?yourspeec?hto15minut?es.你必須把你的講話限?制在15分?鐘內(nèi)。restr?ict區(qū)別于limit?的地方在于?：restr?ict"限制”的是范圍，而limi?t側(cè)重于表?示“限制”到某個(gè)點(diǎn)。例如：lndemoc?ratic?count?riesanyeffor?tstorestr?ictthefree—domofthePress?areright?lyconde?mned.在民主的國(guó)?家里，限制新聞自?由的任何努?力都要受到?公正的譴責(zé)?。Thetrees?restr?ictourview.這些樹(shù)局限?了我們的視?野?！究祭?】MarksaidhisEngli?shwasso____thathewasn'ttoosureabout?someoftheidiom?s.A.limit?B.limit?edC.limit?ingD.limit?less[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查l?imit相?關(guān)分詞的用?法。[答案與解析?]Blimit?ed是li?mit的過(guò)?去分詞，意思是“有限的”?！究键c(diǎn)8】point?的用法▲搭配：①atthispoint?在此地，在此刻②beonthepoint?ofdoing?sth正要做某事?③tothepoint?切題，說(shuō)中要害④offthepoint?離題，走題【考例8】Every?timewewereonthe____ofgivin?gup,thecapta?incalle?dusback.A.edgeB.topC.point?D.centr?e[考查目標(biāo)]本題考查p?oint及?其構(gòu)成的短?語(yǔ)的意思。[答案與解析?]Conthepoint?of...意思是“就要(差點(diǎn))做了某事”。【考點(diǎn)1】prepa?re的用法?▲構(gòu)詞：①prepa?ratio?nn.準(zhǔn)備，預(yù)備②prepa?redadj.準(zhǔn)備好的．精制的▲搭配：①prepa?re(sth)for.../todosth為……作準(zhǔn)備(……)②prepa?resb/onese?lffor.../todosth使某人／自己準(zhǔn)備好……③beprepa?redfor.../todosth準(zhǔn)備好……④beinprepa?ratio?n在準(zhǔn)備中；在編輯中⑤inprepa?ratio?nfor作為……的準(zhǔn)備⑥makeprepa?ratio?nsagain?st為對(duì)付……作準(zhǔn)備⑦makeprepa?ratio?nsfor為……作準(zhǔn)備【考例1】[2004北?京]--What'sthatterri?blenoise??--Theneigh?bors____foraparty?．A.haveprepa?redB.areprepa?ringC.prepa?reD.willprepa?re[考查目標(biāo)]考查pre?pare在?作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)的?用法。[答案與解析?]B從上句敘述?的情況來(lái)看?，“準(zhǔn)備”正在進(jìn)行。2.prepa?revt./vi.準(zhǔn)備[拓展]prepa?ratio?nn.準(zhǔn)備；makeprepa?ratio?nsfor...為……做準(zhǔn)備[詞組]prepa?resb.for/todosth.使某人對(duì)……作好準(zhǔn)備Theteach?ersareprepa?ringthestude?ntsforthefinal?exami?natio?ns.老師們正在?讓學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備?期末考試。prepa?resb.sth.為某人準(zhǔn)備?……Thehostandthehostr?essprepa?redusaddici?ousmeal.主人為我們?準(zhǔn)備了美味?佳肴。prepa?reforsth.準(zhǔn)備做……Thestude?ntsarebusyprepa?ringforthecolle?geentra?nceexami?natio?n.學(xué)生們正忙?于準(zhǔn)備考大?學(xué)。beprepa?redfor...為……準(zhǔn)備；對(duì)……做好了準(zhǔn)備?，表示結(jié)果Thestude?ntsarewellprepa?redforthesport?smeeti?ng.學(xué)生們?yōu)檫\(yùn)?動(dòng)會(huì)做好了?充分的準(zhǔn)備?。[比較】prepa?resth.賓語(yǔ)必須是?動(dòng)作的直接?承受者。例如：prepa?rethelesso?n/aspeec?h/ameal。prepa?reforsth.中for的?賓語(yǔ)是表示?準(zhǔn)備的目的?。例如：prepa?refortheexanl?/anopera?tion/atrip。[牛刀小試1]用所給單詞?的適當(dāng)形式?填空：(enjoy?,prepa?re,effec?t,limit?,point?)1.Fewstude?ntsinthiscolle?gegot____forthefu-turework.2.Themedic?ineleftno____onthepatie?nt,soheleftthehospi?talatlast.3.Theemper?orwalke?donthestree?t,____uphisheadhigh.4.Thedrive?rsaidtothepolic?emanthathedidn'tknowthespeed?____.5.Long.longagothescien?tists?____outitiswrong?togoagain?stnatur?eintheagric?ultur?eprodu?c-tion.☆詞語(yǔ)比較☆1.reali?ze，cometruereali?ze和cometrue都?有“實(shí)現(xiàn)(理想／愿望等)”之意，但兩者用法?不同。reali?ze是及物?動(dòng)詞，常用于sb?.reali?zesth.這種結(jié)構(gòu)；cometrue是不及物動(dòng)?詞詞組，通常用來(lái)表?示“理想、愿望等”的名詞作句?子的主語(yǔ)。TheChine?sepeopl?ealeworki?nghardtoreali?zethemeAem?izati?ons.中國(guó)人民正?在為實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)?代化而努力?工作。Hisdream?ofbecom?ingateach?ercametrue.他當(dāng)教師的?理想實(shí)現(xiàn)了?。2.beableto,can(could?)(1)beableto可用于多種?時(shí)態(tài)，can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)?和過(guò)去時(shí)eou?ld。Onedaypeopl?ewillbeabletorunakilom?etreintwominut?es.總有一天人?們會(huì)兩分鐘?跑完一千米?的。(一般將來(lái)時(shí))Hehasnotbeenabletocome.他沒(méi)能來(lái)。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?)(2)can和could?除了表示“能力”，還可表示“可能性”。Mygrand?mothe?rcanbeveryunple?asant?attimes?.我的祖母有?時(shí)候會(huì)讓人?非常不愉快?。(3)beableto的過(guò)去式w?as/wereableto表示在過(guò)去?某時(shí)的某一?場(chǎng)合設(shè)法做?成了某事，相當(dāng)于ma?naged?todo；而coul?d則無(wú)此意?義。Thefirewasverybig;onlyafewpeopl?ewereabletoescap?efromit.3.ruin,destr?oy,damag?e三個(gè)詞都有?“毀滅”、“破壞”之意，但它們的含?義不同：ruin強(qiáng)?調(diào)毀滅的徹?底性，并且是一次?性地行動(dòng)。這種毀滅也?許力量不是?很大，但其嚴(yán)重性?卻使其不能修復(fù)。它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是?破壞的長(zhǎng)期?結(jié)果；destr?oy指通過(guò)某種有力?的或粗暴的?手段使之毀?滅或無(wú)用，一般不能或很難?修復(fù)，有時(shí)用于比?喻意義；damag?e則指對(duì)價(jià)值和動(dòng)?能的破壞，多用于無(wú)生?命的東西，一般還可以修復(fù)。You'llruinyourhealt?hifyougoOnlikethat.這樣下去你?會(huì)毀了你的?健康。Theearth?auake?destr?oyedmanylives?.這次地震奪?走r許多人?的生命。Thestron?gwinddamag?edsever?alhouse?s.強(qiáng)風(fēng)損壞了?幾間房子。4.joinin,takepartin,atten?d,join(1)takepartin+activ?ities?/work,discu?ssion?/resea?rch等。takeparrin強(qiáng)調(diào)參與性?，特別是有眾?多人參加的?活動(dòng)，含在活動(dòng)中?起一定作用?，負(fù)有責(zé)任之?意。Milli?onsofworke?rstookpartin(=joine?din)thestrik?e/revol?ution?arymovem?ent/fight?ing．?dāng)?shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)?的工人參加?了罷工／革命運(yùn)動(dòng)／斗爭(zhēng)。Hetookanactiv?epartin(joine?dactiv?elyin)inter?natio?nalacade?micexcha?nges.他積極參加?國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)交?流活動(dòng)。We'lltakepartinsocia?lactiv?ities?durin?gsumme?rvacat?ion.這個(gè)暑假我?們將參加社?會(huì)活動(dòng)。(2)join可?表示參加一?個(gè)組織或成?為其中一員?或與人為伴，和某人一起?做某事，而take?partin則不這?樣用。Hejoine?dthearmy/Leagu?e/Part/club/stude?ntsunion?.他參軍／入團(tuán)／入黨／參加俱樂(lè)部?／學(xué)生會(huì)。Pleas?ejdnus/myfamil?y/Mary.和我們／家人／瑪麗作伴。(3)joinin+activ?ities?(相當(dāng)于ta?kepartin)或joinsb.in+activ?ities?.指和他人一?起參加活動(dòng)?、比賽等。Ididn'tjointheminwriti?ngthatbook.我沒(méi)有參編?那本書(shū)。Allofusjoine?dintheEngli?shspeec?hcompe?titio?n.我們都參加?了英語(yǔ)演講?比賽。(4)atten?dv.“參加”是正式用語(yǔ)?，指出席會(huì)議?，參加婚禮，典禮等，又可指上學(xué)?，上課，聽(tīng)報(bào)告。Hewasinvit?edtoatten?dMary'sweddi?ngcerem?ony.他被邀請(qǐng)參?加瑪麗的婚?禮。5.compe?titio?n,game,race,match?(1)compe?titio?n意為“比賽”，“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，可指各種形?式上的競(jìng)賽。(2)game意?為“游戲”，“比賽”，通常指有一?定規(guī)則，凡參加者均?需遵守，可指連續(xù)的?游戲或比賽?活動(dòng)中的一局。說(shuō)球賽時(shí)，一般用ga?me，美國(guó)人用g?ame，英國(guó)人則用m?atch。另外gam?e用作復(fù)數(shù)?時(shí)可指大型?體育運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，如：Olymp?icGames?奧運(yùn)會(huì)，theAsian?Games?亞運(yùn)會(huì)。(3)race通常指一種?跑的競(jìng)賽，可以是人也?可以是動(dòng)物，一般不指短?距離賽跑(短距離賽跑?用dash?)，如：賽跑，賽馬，賽車(chē)，賽船等。(4)match?常指體育代?表團(tuán)之間的?較重大的公?開(kāi)賽，在有些情況?下與gam?e相同，一般指競(jìng)技?比賽。如：拳擊，網(wǎng)球，高爾夫球等?。6.hold,takeplace?,happe?n(1)hold為?及物動(dòng)詞，“舉行；召開(kāi)”。Themeeti?ngwillbeheldnextSunda?y.(2)takeplace?指按計(jì)劃或?安排所要發(fā)?生的事情，它是不及物動(dòng)詞?短語(yǔ)，不能帶賓語(yǔ)?，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)?態(tài)。Themeeti?ngisgoing?totakeplace?tomor?row.(3)happe?n多指偶然?發(fā)生的事，不及物動(dòng)詞?，無(wú)被動(dòng)形式。Doyouknowwhathashappe?nedoverthere??7.morethan,more…than(1)morethan主?要有以下用?法：①后接名詞，表示超出該?名詞之所指?，意為“不只是，不止”。Bambo?oisusedformorethanbuild?ing.竹子不僅僅?用于建筑。②后接形容詞?或動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)?氣，“很；非?！?。Sheismorethanpleas?edwithherdaugh?ter'sperfo?rmanc?e.她對(duì)女兒的?演出十分高?興。③后接副詞，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表“十分”，“不止”之意。Hewasdress?edmorethansimpl?y.他穿的豈止?是樸素，簡(jiǎn)直近乎破?爛了。④后接含有情?態(tài)動(dòng)詞Ca?rl的從句?，其本意是“超過(guò)”，常用來(lái)表示?否定意義，可譯為：“簡(jiǎn)直不”，“遠(yuǎn)非”。Thebeaut?yofthiscityismorethanwords?candescr?ibe.這城市之美?是無(wú)法用語(yǔ)?言描述的。⑤后接數(shù)詞，表示超出該?數(shù)，意思是“多于；大于”。Thefacto?ryturns?outmorethanonehundr?edcarsdaily?.該廠日產(chǎn)汽?車(chē)一百多輛?。(2)more...than結(jié)構(gòu)中間常?插入形容詞?或副詞，表示以下兩種?含義：①表示普通的?比較級(jí)，指兩種不同?的事物(人)在同一屬性上的?比較。Thiscoatismoreexpen?sivethanthatone.②表示“與其說(shuō)是……不如說(shuō)是……”，指對(duì)同一事?物的兩種屬?性進(jìn)行選擇?。Sheismoredilig?entthanwise.與其說(shuō)她聰?明，不如說(shuō)她勤?奮。8.weigh?，weigh?t，weigh?tyweigh?vt.稱(chēng)……；vi.重weigh?tn.重量；重要性weigh?tyadj.重的Theyweigh?edtheapple?stheypicke?dfromthetrees?.他們把從樹(shù)?上摘下來(lái)的?蘋(píng)果過(guò)了秤?。Thegoods?werecaref?ullyweigh?edbefor?etheywereshipp?edoff.貨物在用船?運(yùn)走之前仔?細(xì)過(guò)了稱(chēng)。--Howmu?chdoest?heboxwe?igh?--Itweigh?ssixpound?s.“這個(gè)箱子重?多少?”“重六磅?！盬hatisyourweigh?t?=Howmuchdoyouweigh??你的體重有?多少?【短語(yǔ)歸類(lèi)】4.bring?...backtolife使恢復(fù)；使蘇醒；使生動(dòng)Theydidalltheycould?tobring?himbacktolife.他們盡一切?努力以使他?蘇醒。Agreat?actor?canbring?achara?ctertolife.一個(gè)偉大的?演員能使角?色生動(dòng)起來(lái)?。[拓展]bring?...backtohealt?h使……恢復(fù)健康comebacktolif?e蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)與brin?g構(gòu)成的詞?組：bring?about?引起；造成bring?up提出；撫養(yǎng)大bring?toget?her使和解bring?back使回想起bring?down降低；減少bring?in有收入；請(qǐng)來(lái)；引進(jìn)bring?on引起；使發(fā)生5.chang?eone'smind改?變主意Nothi?ngcould?chang?ehermind,sothemeeti?ngbroke?up.什么也改變?不了她的主?意，所以會(huì)議解?散了。[詞組]bring?backtomind使回想起keepi?nmind?記住havesomet?hing/someb?ndyinmind心里想著某?事／某人makeupone'smind下決心(mind在?此可數(shù))readone'smind看出某人的?心思takesomet?hingoffone’smind去?掉某人的心?事6.inmodem?times?在現(xiàn)代time做“時(shí)代”解時(shí)，通常用復(fù)數(shù)?形式(times?)。Times?havechang?ed,andweshoul?dn'tfallbehin?dthem.時(shí)代變化了?，我們不應(yīng)該?落后于時(shí)代?。Inanc?ienttimes?,peopl?elived?onwildfruit?sandwildbeast?s.在古代，人們靠吃野?果和野獸為?生。[詞組]innotime立刻；馬上atonetime曾經(jīng)ontime按時(shí)intime及時(shí)atatime一次foratime一度behin?dthetimes?落伍atalltimes?一直；經(jīng)常attimes?有時(shí)候fromtimetotime不時(shí)；有時(shí)【考點(diǎn)2】set短語(yǔ)?①setoff出發(fā)，動(dòng)身，啟程②setone'smindto一心想做……③setfree釋放④setup設(shè)立．創(chuàng)立⑤setout出發(fā)．陳列，陳述⑥setdown(使)放下；寫(xiě)下，記下⑦settowork開(kāi)始工作[例句]Theyhavesetoffonajourn?eyround?theworld?.他們已經(jīng)開(kāi)?始環(huán)游世界?。Thegover?nment?hassetupaworki?ngparty?tolookintotheprobl?emofdrugabuse?.政府已經(jīng)成?立T作組調(diào)?查濫用毒品問(wèn)題?。LiuXiang?hassetupanewworld?recor?dinmen's110mhurdl?es.劉翔創(chuàng)下了?新的110?米欄世界紀(jì)?錄。Youcould?beaverygoodwrite?rifyousetyourmindtoit.你只要專(zhuān)心?．就可能成為?優(yōu)秀作家?！究祭?】(2004江?蘇)It'stenyears?since?thescien?tist____onhislife'sworkofdisco?verin?gthevalua?blechemi?cal.A.madeforB.setoutC.tookoffD.turne?dup[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考?查四個(gè)短語(yǔ)?的辨析。[答案與解析?]Bmakefor走向?，有利于；setout開(kāi)始?，著手；takeoff脫下，起飛；turnup出現(xiàn)，到達(dá)。本句話意思是“從這位科學(xué)?家開(kāi)始發(fā)現(xiàn)?有價(jià)值的化?學(xué)藥品的工作已經(jīng)十?年了”。3.under?attac?k遭受攻擊。under?表示“在……(狀態(tài))中”；“在……(情況)下”[詞組]under?repai?r在修理中under?study?在研究著under?const?ructi?on在建設(shè)中【考點(diǎn)3】動(dòng)詞+down的?短語(yǔ)①comedown下來(lái)②falldown倒下，跌落，從……落下，失敗③godown下降，下跌④getdown下來(lái)⑤putdown把……放下來(lái)；平定，鎮(zhèn)壓⑥sitdown坐下⑦shutdown把……關(guān)上⑧turndown關(guān)小，調(diào)低，拒絕⑨slowdown減緩，減速，放慢⑩write?/set/note/putdown寫(xiě)?下，記下⑩pulldown拆毀，摧毀．推翻⑩getdowntobusin?ess言歸正傳[例句]Theplanfelldownbecau?seitprove?dtobetooexpen?sive.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃因?費(fèi)用過(guò)高而?告吹。MoreAmeri?cantroop?sweresenttoIraqtoputdowntherebel?lions?.很多美國(guó)軍?隊(duì)被派往伊?拉克去鎮(zhèn)壓?反抗。Turntheradio?down—I'mtryin?gtogetsomesleep?.把收音機(jī)聲音?調(diào)小點(diǎn)兒—我想睡會(huì)覺(jué)?。Hecan'tdoheavy?work,forhehasbeenpulle?ddownbyhislongillne?ss.他不能干重?活，因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)期患?病使得他的身體很?虛弱。Theroadwasslipp?ery,soMr.Jones?slowe?ddownthecar.公路滑，所以瓊斯先?生放慢了車(chē)?速。Makesureyouwrite?downevery?wordthespeak?ersays.務(wù)必記下講?話者所說(shuō)的?每一個(gè)單詞?。【考例3l(2003全?國(guó))Newsrepor?tssaypeace?talks?be—tween?thetwocount?ries____withnoagree?mentreach?ed.A.havebroke?ndownB.havebroke?noutC.havebroke?ninD.havebroke?nup[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考?查brea?k的動(dòng)詞短?語(yǔ)。[答案與解析?]Abreak?down失??。畨牧藑break?out突然發(fā)生。爆發(fā)；break?in闖入；break?up分開(kāi)，分解。本句話意思是?“有新聞報(bào)道?說(shuō)，兩國(guó)間的和?平談判因沒(méi)?有達(dá)成一致意?見(jiàn)而失敗了?”?！究键c(diǎn)1】動(dòng)詞+up短語(yǔ)①clean?up清除，收拾干凈②eatup吃光③getup起床④giveup放棄⑤growup長(zhǎng)大，成長(zhǎng)⑥hurry?up趕快⑦locksb.up將某人?監(jiān)禁起來(lái)⑧l(xiāng)ookup向上看，抬頭看，好轉(zhuǎn)，有氣色，查尋g)makeup彌補(bǔ)．拼湊成⑩pickup拾起．撿起，學(xué)會(huì)。獲悉，聽(tīng)到，見(jiàn)到，恢復(fù)健康⑩pullup往上拽⑩putup舉起，張貼，為……提供食宿⑩ringup打電話⑩stayup不睡．熬夜⑩wakeup醒來(lái)．喚醒⑩openup開(kāi)設(shè)，開(kāi)業(yè)，開(kāi)放⑩setup建立．開(kāi)創(chuàng)．使某人有錢(qián)?創(chuàng)業(yè)@clear?up放晴[例句]Shesoonpicke?dupFrenc?hwhenshewenttoliveinFranc?e.她到法國(guó)居?住后很快就?學(xué)會(huì)了法語(yǔ)?。Youdon'tlookupwelltoday?.What'sthetroub?le?你今火氣色不?太好，怎么了?These?daysmanygirls?makeupwhentheyarestill?quite?young?.如今許多女?孩還很年輕?就化裝。Whenhewastwent?y-one,hisfathe?rsethimupinthecloth?ingbusin?ess.他21歲時(shí)?，他父親把他?安頓在服裝?店。I'veanimpor?tantmeeti?ngtoatten?d.Besuretowakemeupatseven?o'clock?.我有一個(gè)重?要的會(huì)議要?參加，一定要在七點(diǎn)?鐘叫醒我。Nowthatitwasraini?ngheavi?ly,theydecid?edtoputusupforthenight?.由于雨下得?很大，他們決定留?我們過(guò)夜。Ringmeupifyoulearn?thetruth?.一了解到真?相就給我打電話。Shepromi?sedthechild?rentheycould?stayupfortheir?favou?riteTVprogr?amme.她答應(yīng)孩子?們可以晚點(diǎn)?睡，看他們最喜愛(ài)?的電視節(jié)目??！究祭?】(2004上?海)Tokeephealt?hy，Profe?ssorJohn—son____cycli?ngasaregul?arformofexerc?iseafter?heretir?ed.A.tookupB.caugh?tonC.carri?edoutD.madefor[考查目標(biāo)]此題主要考?查四個(gè)短語(yǔ)?的用法。[答案與解析?]Atakeup開(kāi)始從?事；catch?on繼續(xù)下去、堅(jiān)持下去；carry?out完成?、履行；makefor走向?、有利于。本句話意思?是“為了保持健?康·教授退休后?開(kāi)始把騎自行車(chē)?當(dāng)作鍛煉方?式”。[牛刀小試2?]句子改錯(cuò)，每句僅一處?錯(cuò)誤。1.Every?oneinthehospi?talhoped?thathegaveupafter?afewdays'treat?ment,andshewasoptim?istic?.2.There?arethous?anddolla?rs,butwestill?needonethous?anddolla?rstoeatupthesumweaskfor.3.Youmakeagoodsinge?rifyousetyourmindtosing—ing.4.--Jack,howwasitcomeabout?thatyoumadesomanymista?kesinyourhomew?ork?--Imysel?fhaven?'tfigur?editoutyet!5.Thelifthadbroke?downyeste?rday.We'llhavetowalkuptotheeight?hfloor?thiseveni?ng.【句型歸納】【考點(diǎn)1】Where?there?isariver?,there?isacity.凡有河流的地方。必有城市。該句中的w?here引?導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)?從旬，兼有條件狀?語(yǔ)從句的含義。例如：Where?iswater?,there?islife.可以引導(dǎo)地?點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句?的有whe?re，where?ver，絕對(duì)不能用inwhich?來(lái)替換；使用時(shí)，注意與定語(yǔ)?從句中關(guān)系?副詞whe?re的區(qū)別?，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從?句的whe?re有時(shí)可?以用inwhich?來(lái)替換?！究祭齦】(NMET1997)After?thewar,anewschoo?lbuild?ingwasputup____there?hadoncebeenatheat?re．A.thatB．where?C.which?D.when[考查目標(biāo)]地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從?句。[答案與解析?]B根據(jù)句子意?思“戰(zhàn)后在原來(lái)?戲院的地方，蓋了一座新?的教學(xué)大樓??！毙枰龑?dǎo)地?點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句?的引導(dǎo)詞w?here。【考點(diǎn)2】Which?onewould?youliketoseemost?你最想去看哪一個(gè)??該句中的w?ouldlike表?示“想，打算”。would?like是?表示“打算，想”的常用短語(yǔ)?，后常接名詞?．代詞，不定式，復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)等?。也可以寫(xiě)成?would?love；而表示“想要的”feellike后?接doin?gsth。例如：Would?youlikeaglass?ofbeer?來(lái)杯啤酒怎?么樣?Hefeels?likebeing?invit?edtogiveallkinds?oflectu?res.他喜歡被人?邀請(qǐng)去作各?種各樣的講?座。Howwould?youlikesth?這一句型用?來(lái)“詢(xún)問(wèn)某人對(duì)?某事物的印?象或看法?！崩纾?-Howwould?youlikeGuili?n?--Good.Itisworth?visit?ingagain?.你認(rèn)為桂林?怎么樣?不錯(cuò)，值得再去玩?一次。而“Whatbe+主語(yǔ)+(look)like?”則表示“主語(yǔ)看起來(lái)?怎么樣?”like是?介詞．意思是“像”．必須與系動(dòng)?詞連用，才能做謂語(yǔ)?，what為?它的賓語(yǔ)。例如：--Whatwastheearth?quake?like?地震像什么??--Itwaslikebeing?onaboat.像坐在船上?。【考例2】(NMET1997)1would?love____totheparty?lastnight?butIhadtoworkextra?hours?tofinis?harepor?t.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.going?D.havin?ggone[考查目標(biāo)]句型“would?lovetodosth"。[答案與解析?]B首先排除C?、D兩項(xiàng)；A項(xiàng)表示對(duì)?將來(lái)的打算；would?love/liketohavedone表示“本來(lái)打算做某事，然而卻沒(méi)有?做”；句子的意思?是“昨天晚上我?本來(lái)打算去?參加聚會(huì)，然而我不得?不加班完成?一份報(bào)告”。【考點(diǎn)3】Mostofthesport?sweretheslime?astheyarenow.許多項(xiàng)目跟?現(xiàn)在一樣。該句中as?為連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從?句。例如：DoinRomeastheRoman?sdo.人鄉(xiāng)隨俗。as作為連詞，可以引導(dǎo)5?種從句。1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從?句。例如：Astimewentby,itbecam?ecolde?randcolde?r.2.原因狀語(yǔ)從?句。例如：Ashedevel?opedabadcold,hedidn'tgotoschoo?lyeste?rday.3.方式狀語(yǔ)從?句。例如：DoasItellyouto.4.讓步狀語(yǔ)從?句。例如：Child?asheis,heknows?alot.5．比較狀語(yǔ)從?句。例如：ltisnotashotinBeiji?ngasinWuhan?【考例3】(NMET1990)____thedaywenton,theweath?ergotworse?.A.WithB.Since?C.While?D.As[考查目標(biāo)]狀語(yǔ)從句。[答案與解析?]D句子的意思?是“隨著歲月的?推移，天氣越來(lái)越糟?”。應(yīng)該選as?引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀?語(yǔ)從句?！究键c(diǎn)4】Insydne?ytheChine?seteamgot28goldmedal?s,ranki?ngthird?ofallthecompe?tingcount?ries.在悉尼奧運(yùn)?會(huì)上。中國(guó)隊(duì)共獲?28枚金牌?，在所有的參?賽國(guó)中，金牌總數(shù)名列第?三。該句中的r?ankin?g為v-ing形式?作狀語(yǔ)。例如：Hewentaway．Ieavi?ngthedooropen他?走了，沒(méi)有關(guān)門(mén)。v-ing在句?中作狀語(yǔ)，常常表示時(shí)?間、原因、伴隨、方式、結(jié)果等?！究祭?】(2004吉?林)"Wecan’tgooutinthisweath?er,"saidBob,____outofthewindo?w.A.looki?ngB.tolookC.looke?dD.havin?glooke?d[考查目標(biāo)]wing形?式作狀語(yǔ)。[答案與解析?]A句子意思是?“鮑勃看了看?窗外，說(shuō)這種天氣我們?不能出去”?！罹湫驮忈尅?.Where?there?isariver?,there?isacity.有河流的地?方，就有城市。在這個(gè)句子?中，where?引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)?地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從?句，意思為“有……的地方，就有……”。Where?there?isawill,there?isaway.有志者，事竟成。Where?there?isenoug?hsunli?ghtandwater?,crops?growwell.陽(yáng)光和水充?足的地方，莊稼就長(zhǎng)得?好。Gowhere?hetells?youtogo.他讓你到哪?兒，你就到哪兒?。[拓展]where?引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)?從句與定語(yǔ)?從句的區(qū)別?where?引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從?句時(shí)，其前面無(wú)先?行詞，where?也不能換成“介詞+which?”。where?引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從?句時(shí)，其前面有名?詞做先行詞?，where?可以換成“介詞+which?"。Makemarks?where?youhaveanyquest?ions.(狀語(yǔ)從句)Makemarks?attheplace?swhere?youhaveanyquest?ions.(定語(yǔ)從句)在你有問(wèn)題?的地方做上?標(biāo)記。2.Stron?g,proud?andunite?d,thepeopl?eofSt.Peter?sburg?aretheinode?nlheroe?sofRussi?a.堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，驕傲，團(tuán)結(jié)，圣·彼得堡的人?們是俄國(guó)現(xiàn)?代的英雄。本句中st?rong，proud?andunite?d是形容詞?作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明句子主?語(yǔ)的特征和?性質(zhì)。Helpl?ess,wewatch?edthehouse?being?destr?oyedbythestron?gwind.眼睜睜地看?著房子被狂?風(fēng)摧毀，我們無(wú)能為?力。Thethief?hidhimse?lfinthecorne?r,afrai?dofbeing?caugh?t.小偷躲在角?落里，擔(dān)心被人捉?住。dowhatonecantodosth.3.doauonecantodosth.doevery?thing?ollecaIltodosth.doone'sbesttodosth.這幾個(gè)句型?結(jié)構(gòu)都表示?一個(gè)意思“盡某人最大?努力做某事”。dowhatonecarltodosth.中的what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從?句；doallonecantodosth.和doevery?thing?onecantodosth.中省略了定?語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)?系代詞th?at，all和ever?ythin?g做先行詞。在這幾個(gè)句型中的不?定式表目的?，做目的狀語(yǔ)?。Weshoul?ddoevery?thing?/wecan/whatwecan/ourbesttolearn?Engli?shwell.我們要竭盡?全力把英語(yǔ)?學(xué)好。[拓展]makeevery?possi?bleffor?t/marethegreat?esteffor?ttodosth.盡可能／最大努力來(lái)?做某事4.I'drathe?rwatch?itthanplayit.我愿意觀看?，不愿參與。(1)rathe?r...than...常與would?/had連用，意思是“寧可；寧愿”，“與其……不如……；寧愿……而不愿Heisrathe?rwisethanhones?t.與其說(shuō)他誠(chéng)?實(shí)不如說(shuō)他?聰明。Iwould?rathe?rstayathomethangoforawalk.=Iwould?stayathomerathe?rthangoforawalk.我寧愿呆在?家里也不出?去散步。(2)rathe?rthan而不；寧可；情愿Heprefe?rstochemi?strymther?thanphysi?cs.他喜歡化學(xué)?而不喜歡物?理。Rathe?rthangobyair,I'dtaketheslowe?sttrain?.我寧可坐最?慢的火車(chē)去?也不乘飛機(jī)?去。[拓展]would?mther?后接動(dòng)詞原?形，它常用于以?下結(jié)構(gòu)。Would?rathe?rdosth./notdosth./dosth.thanWould?rathe?r有時(shí)接從句?，從句的謂語(yǔ)?動(dòng)詞要用虛?擬語(yǔ)氣。一般過(guò)去時(shí)?表示現(xiàn)在與?將來(lái)的動(dòng)作?或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去完成時(shí)?表示過(guò)去的?動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?。I'drathe?ryoumetherattheairpo?rttomor?rowmorni?ng.我寧愿你明?天早上到機(jī)?場(chǎng)接她。5.Every?fouryears?athle?tesfromallovertheworld?takepartintheOlymp?icGames?.每四年，來(lái)自世界各?地的運(yùn)動(dòng)員?們都要參加?奧運(yùn)會(huì)。(1)every?和表示數(shù)量?的詞連用every?可與表示數(shù)?量的詞連用?，表示時(shí)間或?空間。Iusual?lygOtomyuncle?'severy?three?days(=every?third?day).我通常每三?天(每隔兩天)去我叔叔家?一次。Theylooke?dupandgaveasmlle?toeachother?every?fewminut?es.每隔幾分鐘?他們抬起頭?相互笑笑?！咀⒁狻縠very?后可接fe?w，但不能接afew，因ever?y-詞包含了a?之意，另外eve?ry后也不?能接som?e,sever?al,many等?詞。(2)every?后接序數(shù)詞?時(shí)，則修飾單數(shù)?可數(shù)名詞。every?可與oth?er+單數(shù)可數(shù)名?詞連用，表示“每隔......”。Pleas?ewrite?onevery?other?line(third?line).請(qǐng)隔行寫(xiě)。(請(qǐng)隔兩行寫(xiě)?一行)Theyplant?edatreeevery?other?metre?along?theroad.他們?cè)隈R路?邊每隔一米?栽一棵樹(shù)。[牛刀小試3?]1.Mothe?rwasworri?edbecau?selittl?eAlice?wasill,es-pecia?lly____fathe?rwasawayinFranc?e.(NMET1994)A.asB.thatC.durin?gD.if2.Thefamou?sscien?tistgrewup____hewasbornandin1930hecametoShang?hai.(2002上海春招)A.whenB.whene?verC.where?D.where?ver3.Littl?eJimshoul?dlove____tothetheat?rethiseveni?ng.(NMET1992)A.tobetaken?B.totakeC.being?taken?D.takin?g4.Sudde?nly,atallmandrivi?ngagolde?ncarri?age____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods?.(2004上海春招)A.seizi?ng;disap?peare?dB.seize?d;disap?peare?dC.seizi?ng;disap?peari?ngD.seize?d;disap?peari?ng【交際速成】【考點(diǎn)l】Givin?gadvic?eMakin?gsugge?stion?s提出意見(jiàn)和?建議(2004年?重慶)--Let'sgoandhaveagooddrink?tonig?ht．--____Haveyougotthefirst?prize?inthecompe?ti-tion?A.Whatfor?B.Thank?salot.C.Yes,I'dliketo.D.Gladtohearthat.[答案與解析?]A本題考查對(duì)?提出建議的?應(yīng)答。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)的后句?話可判斷A?項(xiàng)符合此時(shí)?語(yǔ)境，意為“為什么要好好喝一?杯呀?”【歸納】英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)?提出意見(jiàn)和?建議的用語(yǔ)?有：①Let's...②You'dbette?r...③Ithink?it'sbette?r(foryou/us)to...④Isugge?st(that)you(shoul?d)...⑤Iadvis?eyou(not)to...⑥Iwonde?rifyoushoul?d...⑦Let's...,shall?we?⑧Maybe?weeould?...⑨I'd1iketo...⑩Can't/Shoul?d/Shall?we...?⑩Would?youlike/loveto...?⑩Haveyouconsi?dered?...?⑩WhatshaIl?we...?⑩whynot...?⑩Whydon'tyou/we...?⑩What/Howabout?...?【考點(diǎn)2】Talki?ngabout?inter?estsandhobbi?es談?wù)撆d趣和?愛(ài)好(2003年?東北三校)--Ienjoy?Chine?sefoodverymuch.--____.A.Pleas?etaste?quick?lyB.Havemore．DIeas?eC.HeIpyours?elfD.EatslOWl?ywhiIe?itishot[答案與解析?]C本題考查談?論興趣和愛(ài)?好時(shí)的功能?用語(yǔ)。A項(xiàng)不合語(yǔ)?境，B、D兩項(xiàng)屬漢?語(yǔ)應(yīng)答，C項(xiàng)符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。【歸納】英語(yǔ)中談?wù)?興趣和愛(ài)好?時(shí)的用語(yǔ)有?：①Which?d0youlike,...or...?②Ilike...③What'syourfavor?itesport??④Which?sport?doyoulikebest?⑤Which?d0youprefe?r...or...?⑥Whatabout?...?⑦Areyouinter?ested?in...?⑧Iprefe?r...to...應(yīng)答用語(yǔ)有?：①Shoot?ing,Ithink?．②I'drathe?rwatch?itthanplayit.③Yes,verymuch.④No,notreall?y.⑤Su