thePresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時助動詞have(has)+過去分詞done12/28/20222現(xiàn)在完成時(態(tài))陳述句主+has/have+過去分詞+…12Hahasworkedfor9hours.他已經(jīng)工作九小時了疑問句Has/have+主+過去分詞+…?12Hasheworkedfor9hours?他已經(jīng)工作九個小時了嗎?否定句主+has/havenot+過去分詞+…12Hehasnotworkedfor9hours他還沒有工作九個小時pastnowYesterday,we

cleanedtheclassroom.Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit.用法1強調過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結果或影響“仍然，還”用在疑問句和否定句中，放在句末。Ihaven’treadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?already:Yet:“已經(jīng)”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.有時，也用在疑問句中表示驚訝。Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready?“從來不”用在否定句中,放在句中。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.evernever“曾經(jīng)”通常用于疑問句和肯定句中,放在句中。

Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?“以前”用在完成時中，放在句末。Ｉhaveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.justbefore“剛剛”用在陳述句中,放在句中。

Ihavejustboughtanovel。Shebeganto

workin2005.Shestillworksherenow.

Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor3years.

1.Iamadoctor.IbegantoworkwhenIwas22.Now,Iam26.I________forfouryears.2.WewenttotheUSAlastMonday.TodayisMonday.We_________(stay)intheUSAsincelastMonday.

haveworkedhavestayed一、用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince6.Myparentshaveownedthishousefor______.A.alongtimeB.manyyearsago7.They’vebeeninlovesince______.A.lastspringB.threemonths8.Wehaveknowneachothersince_____.A.oneyearB.lastyear9.--Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?--Since______.A.lastnightB.twodays10.--Howlonghassheworkedhere?--Shehasworkedherefor_____.A.1993B.sixyearsAABAB

Exercise根據(jù)所給情況，用just,already或yet造句。1.Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse.Shesays‘Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?’Yousay:No,thankyou._______________(havelunch)2.Joegoesout.Fiveminuteslater,thephoneringsandthecallersays‘CanIspeaktoJoe?’Yousay:I’mafraid_________________.(goout)hehasjustgoneoutI’vejusthadlunch.3.Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening.Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway.Yousay:Waitamoment!_______________________(not/finish)4.Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening.Youphonetoreserve(預定）atable.Lateryourfriendsays‘ShallIphonetoreserveatable?’Yousay:No,__________________it(do)Ihaven’tfinishedityet.Ihavealreadydone1.現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果,也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.Ihavelostmywallet.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)Janehasjusthadit.(含義是:簡現(xiàn)在不餓了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地)

2.現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作和狀態(tài),常與表示持續(xù)的時間狀語連用.表示持續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)的動詞多是延續(xù)性動詞。Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.4.現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,onseveraloccasion等:

Haveyouever

beentoBeijing？IhaveneverheardofBunny.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions.5.現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如now,now,just,today,thismorning/week/month/year,uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,,uptopresent,sofar等:Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.

Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear.Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.

7.現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復發(fā)生的動作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.have(has)gone和have(has)been的區(qū)別1.have(has)gone表示“已經(jīng)去某地了”ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。)2.have(has)been表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。)動詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化，在動詞后加ed，規(guī)則變化有以下四種：

①原形+ed

如：worked,

passed

②詞尾是e時，直接加d

如：liked

lived

③若詞尾為“輔音字母加y”，則改y為i加ed。詞尾為“元音字母+y”時，直接加d；如:

played

stayed

studied

cried

④末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)是，雙寫最后一個輔音字母加ed.如：

stopped

dropped

動詞的過去分詞的規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則動詞的過去式以及過去分詞

巧記規(guī)律AAA:put–put–putlet—let–letABA:become—became—becomeABB:stand—stood—stoodABC:eat—ate—eatenAAAcost-cost-costread-read-readput-put-putcut-cut-cutlet-let-letset-set-setbeat-beat-beathit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtspit-spit-spitrid-rid-rid一、原形、過去式和過去分詞的詞形和讀音都相同的單詞，結尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：動詞read的過去式和過去分詞雖然詞形與原形一致，read-read-read，但發(fā)音分別是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。原型過去式過去分詞例詞-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee--e--e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含規(guī)則動詞)1.另有一些其它形式的變化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改變單詞中間元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含規(guī)則動詞)ABC原型過去式過去分詞例詞-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些動詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結尾的單詞。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eaten

write-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-been