蘇州市2014高考英語閱讀理解、完形填空及閱讀類訓(xùn)練（5）（答案及解析）閱讀理解AWords：344難度系數(shù)：★★★建議用時：8分鐘OnMay23,1989，StefaniaFollinicameoutfromacaveatCarlsbad，NewMexico.Shehadn’tseenthesunforeighteenandahalfweeks.Stefaniawasinaresearchprogram，andthescientistsintheprogramwerestudyingbodyrhythms(節(jié)奏)．InthisexperimentStefaniahadspent130daysinacave,30feetindepth.Duringhertimeinthecave，Stefaniahadbeencompletelyaloneexceptfortwowhitemice.Herlivingplacehadbeenverycomfortable，buttherehadbeennothingtotellherthetime.She’dhadnoclocksorwatches，notelevisionorradio.Therehadbeennonaturallightandthetemperaturehadalwaysbeenkeptat21℃.Theresultswereveryinteresting.Stefaniahadbeeninthecaveforoverfourmonths，butshethoughtshehadbeenthereforonlytwo.Herbodyclockhadchanged.Shehadn’tkepttoa24-hourday，shehadstayedawakefor20-25hoursandthenhadsleptfor10hours.Shehadeatenfewermealsandhadlost171bsinweightasaresult!Shehadalsobecomeratherdepressed(抑郁)．Howhadshespenthertimeinthecave?Aspartoftheexperimentshe’ddonesomephysicalandmentaltests.She’drecordedherdailyactivitiesandtheresultsofthetestsonacomputer.Thiscomputerhadbeenspeciallyprogrammedfortheproject.Whenevershewasfree，she’dplayedcards，readbooksandlistenedtomusic.She’dalsolearnedFrenchfromtapes.Theexperimentshowedthatourbodyclocksareaffectedbylightandtemperature.Forexample，thepatternofdayandnightmakesuswakeupandgotosleep.However，peopleareaffectedindifferentways.Somepeoplewakeupnaturallyat5∶00a．m.，butothersdon’tstarttowakeuptill9∶00or10∶00a．m..Thisaffectsthewholedailyrhythm.Asaresult，theearlyrisersareattheirbestinthelatemorning.Thelaterisers，ontheotherhand，aretiredduringthedayandonlycometolifeintheafternoonorevening!【解題導(dǎo)語】一位名叫StefaniaFollini的女士參加了一個研究項目。她在一個深30英尺的洞穴里生活了130天，終日不見陽光，也沒有計時工具。這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人體的生理節(jié)奏與光線和溫度有關(guān)。1．Stefaniastayedinthecaveforalongtimebecause________.A．shewasaskedtodoresearchonmiceB．shewantedtoexperiencelonelinessC．shewasthesubjectofastudyD．sheneededtorecordherlife解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的第一段內(nèi)容可知StefaniaFollini作為研究對象參與了一項研究試驗。故選C。2．WhatisacauseforthechangeofStefania’sbodyclock?A．Eatingfewermeals.B．Havingmorehoursofsleep.C．Lackingphysicalexercise.D．Gettingnonaturallight.解析：選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第二段最后兩句和最后一段首句可知，無法計時和沒有自然光使她的生理節(jié)奏產(chǎn)生了混亂。答案為D。3．Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A．Anovel. B．Anewsstory.C．Apetmagazine. D．Atravelguide.解析：選B。推理判斷題。這篇文章為讀者介紹了一項關(guān)于人體生理節(jié)奏的研究，應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報紙雜志等通俗讀物上，故答案為B。********************************************************結(jié)束閱讀理解AWords：318難度系數(shù)：★★建議用時：7分鐘ChristmaswasjustaweekawayandIhadfivepeoplelefttoshopforbutonlythreedollars.“Let’ssetapricelimitonourgiftsthisyear，”IsuggestedtomybestfriendJoanie.“That’sagoodidea，”Joanieagreed.“Howaboutsomethingoverfivedollars？”“Howaboutsixtycents？”Ifeltlikethebiggestcheapskateintheworld.“IguessthisiswhereI’msupposedtosayit’snotthegiftbutthethoughtthatcounts，”Joaniesmiled.Itisalmostimpossibletobuyanythingundersixtycents，soitwasreallygoingtohavetobeverysmallgiftswithverybigthoughts.Finally，ChristmasDayarrived.Igavemymotheracandlewithanotethatsaid，“Youarethebrightestlightinmylife.”Shealmostcriedwhenshereadthenote.Igavemybrotherawoodenruler.OnthebackofitIhadpainted，“Nobrotherintheworldcouldmeasureuptoyou.”Hegavemeabagofsugarandwroteonit，“You’remysweetsister.”ForJoanie，Ipaintedapairofshoeswithanotethatsaid，“Noonecouldeverfillyourshoes.”ShethankedmeandsaidIalwaystickled(使……高興)herandmadeherlaugh.Tomyothertwofriends，IgaveAnnieapaperfanandanoteonit，“I’myourbiggestfan.”IgaveHelenacalculatorthatcostonedollarandIpaintedamessageontheback，“Youcanalwayscountonme.”Mymotherknowssheisthemostimportantpersoninmylife.MybrotherthinksI’msweet.JoaniethinksI’mfunnyandmakeherlaugh，whichisimportantbecauseherdadmovedawaylastyearandshemisseshimandissadsometimes...【解題導(dǎo)語】作者通過描述自己在圣誕節(jié)給親人和朋友送禮物的故事說明禮物貴在心意。5．WhenChristmasneared，theauthorworriedthatshe________.A．hadfewfriendstogivehergiftsB．hadlittlemoneytobuygiftsforothersC．didn’tknowwhatgiftsherfriendswouldlikeD．didn’thaveenoughtimetogoshopping解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，作者擔(dān)心在圣誕節(jié)來臨之際沒有太多錢為親人和朋友購買禮物。6．Theunderlinedword“cheapskate”inParagraph4probablyreferstoapersonwho________.A．isthepoorestintheworldB．buysthecheapestskateboardsC．spendsaslittlemoneyaspossibleD．buysthecheapestthingsintheworld解析：選C。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二、三、四段可知，作者建議最好的朋友Joanie限定禮物的價位，Joanie提議5美元以上，而作者則提出60美分，由此可以看出，作者感覺自己像世界上最吝嗇的人。cheapskate意為“吝嗇鬼，守財奴”。7．Thegirlgavehermotheracandlebecauseitstandsfor________.A．thegirl’sownlifeB．hermother’slifeC．thegirl’sroleinhermother’slifeD．themother’sroleinthegirl’slife解析：選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)作者隨蠟燭附上的小紙條上的話和最后一段第一句可知，作者送蠟燭給媽媽，是因為她在自己生活中的角色就像蠟燭一樣。8．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Itisanarttochoosegifts.B．Itisthethoughtnotthegiftthatmatters.C．Howtochoosecheapgifts.D．Givinggiftsimprovesfriendships.解析：選B。主旨大意題。作者在圣誕節(jié)前用僅有的一點錢給親人和朋友購買了特殊的禮物，該故事反映了禮物不在于貴重而在于它所體現(xiàn)的情感。文章第五段中的“it’snotthegiftbutthethoughtthatcounts”也點明了主題。**********************************************************結(jié)束完形填空之記敘文解析典型例題

1．短文內(nèi)容邏輯性強，文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，層次分明。2．文體由單一向多樣性轉(zhuǎn)化。近幾年文體出現(xiàn)故事、新聞報道、應(yīng)用文、夾敘夾議等文體，已經(jīng)突破了單一的敘述文體。其考察的熱點依次為：故事類、教育類、社會類、文化類、體育衛(wèi)生類。所選文章情節(jié)曲折，趣味性強，結(jié)3．文章基本長度在270～290詞之間，設(shè)空為20個，挖空密度在10～12詞之間，體現(xiàn)了“在穩(wěn)定中求發(fā)展”的命題指導(dǎo)思想，多為第一句不設(shè)空，考生可在第一句得到相關(guān)信息，如時間、地點、人物等，從而預(yù)測全文。4．備選答案以實詞為主，虛詞為輔，虛詞又以連詞為主。要求學(xué)生不僅能夠熟練地掌握基礎(chǔ)知識，還需綜合文章前后邏輯，根據(jù)具體語境，從語言的準確性出發(fā)，排除干擾項的迷惑，選出最佳答案。應(yīng)試高分瓶頸隨著完形填空朝著語言交際化，情景生活化，詞匯應(yīng)用靈活化方向性，要求語言應(yīng)用與情景交際融為一體，當然難度不斷增加，學(xué)生便對完型填空產(chǎn)生厭倦恐懼心理。常會在做題過程中，在未抓住文章主旨下，便以此為中心展開推測判斷，往往斷章取義，會導(dǎo)致偏差，甚至與文章的中心相悖，或是受思維定勢干擾，對文章分析不透，忽視特定語境中知識的運用，以致處于應(yīng)付的狀態(tài)，做題能力得不到提升，這就要求學(xué)生不僅擁有扎實牢固的基礎(chǔ)，還要有一定的閱讀能力與速度，以及綜合邏輯與思維。當然，良好的心理素質(zhì)是必須的，在做完形填空中做到“信息常識；上下呼應(yīng)；搭配譴辭；邏輯貫通。”?！蛎}點1記敘文◎命題點2人物故事◎命題點3夾敘夾議◎命題點4說明夾敘述◎命題點5說明文◎命題點6議論文本類考題解答錦囊完形填空是一項綜合性較強的試題，它往往被考生視為“老大難”題目。因為它不僅考查學(xué)生的語言、語法知識，而且還考查學(xué)生的英語背景知識，以及綜合運用語言基礎(chǔ)知識的能力。完形填空?？疾榭忌韵缕邆€方面：1．同義或近義詞的辨析。2．詞組固定搭配。3．動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。4．代詞的復(fù)指。5．主謂一致性(包括名詞單復(fù)數(shù)問題)。6．判斷上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。7．閱讀理解(包括日常常用知識)。完形填空在高考中占有很大的比例；做好這道題是能否獲取高分的關(guān)健。那如何做到準確，迅速地“完形”呢?概括有如下三個步驟：一、泛讀一通讀全文，抓住主旨有的同學(xué)總是急于求成，想要一步到位，或是由于原文設(shè)置空格所造成的理解障礙，擔(dān)心通讀全文不但抓不住大意還浪費時間，未通覽全文即邊讀邊填，結(jié)果是就句論句，無法形成連貫的思路，或是“見木不見林”，理解偏離文章的中心，欲速則不達。大家首先要克服不良心理，滿懷信心，全神貫注，目光越過空格，注意把握短文的整體內(nèi)容。任何短文都是圍繞一個特定的中心話題展開，抓住了話題便可“舉目為綱”掌握短文的脈絡(luò)；同時可以避免思維斷線或漂浮不定，從而準確、迅速地“完型”。在通讀全文的過程中，力求對文章的整體內(nèi)容有個基本的認識，明確主題思想，認識文章結(jié)構(gòu)，了解文章的層次(完形填空所給的短文一般是從交待背景開始，漸次推進，直至高潮，然后結(jié)局，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，條理十分清楚。)要想抓住主旨，關(guān)鍵在于首尾句。文章首句一般不設(shè)空，為一個完整的句子，通過此窗口，可掌握一些信息，如時間、地點、人物等，尾句為一篇文章總結(jié)，點睛之筆，由此可從整體上感知全文，進而理解全文。二、精讀一細讀全文，綜合考慮，選出最佳詞不離句，句不離文。針對任何一個選項，都要著眼于該選項所在句，并且要瞻前顧后，不僅僅考慮語法、句型、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等，還需要根據(jù)不同場合、不同人、不同的文化習(xí)俗，對生活常識的積累以及語感，文章的前后推論與照應(yīng)，理清脈絡(luò)，仔細推敲，去偽存真，選出最佳答案，切忌走馬觀花，斷章取義，應(yīng)付對待?？煽偨Y(jié)如下：1．在理解全文內(nèi)容的大前提下，根據(jù)上下文相關(guān)內(nèi)容進行判斷選擇，不要只考慮本句的意思需要和備選答案。例如：典型例題Givegirlschanceto55，andtheywillA．thinkB．succeedC．perfOrmD．feel答案且要確定這個答案必須理解全篇的內(nèi)容，體會到作者寫這篇短文的目的是通過講自己喜愛沖浪而使人們認識到女孩可以做男孩所做的事，告訴人們要給女孩成功的機會，她們一定能成功。我們在做完形填空時，常會有這種感覺，開頭幾個空填不上，或者說不讀完全文，無法填空，這時切記冷靜，克服急躁恐懼心理，那么不妨?xí)簳r放過這幾個空，繼續(xù)往下，先易后難，隨著閱讀逐漸展開，逐漸入境根據(jù)下文的字里行間，直接或間接地找到所需要的信息，待全文填完,很清楚的情況下，剩下的難題就可做出，有一種“豁然開朗”之感，而不是“似懂非懂”。本類考題解答錦囊2．根據(jù)邏輯推理，從常識和常規(guī)的角度去考慮。例如：典型例題ThefeelinglgetwhenI’msurhngacrossthat44，becomingonewiththe45，islikeI’mweightless．A．beachB．waterc．boardD.1ake答案B根據(jù)常識可判斷出沖浪是在水面上進行的。45．A．skyB．worldC．earthD．ocean答案D沖浪是在海洋中進行的一項體育運動。作者感到自己與海洋成為了一體。3．從詞語意義辨析方面進行選擇。例如：(NMET，典型例題ertheyears，thestoryoftheYctishas41．A．developedD．ChangedC.occurredD．continued答案D根據(jù)這四個詞的意思和上下文的內(nèi)容可確定選項D是正確答案。4．從習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配的角度去考慮。例如：典型例題Yousee，IdealtoutmylOckerbecauseldidn'twanmess(臟亂)50anyoneelse．A.overD．intoC.withD.for答案Dleavesth．forsb.把某物留給某人。我不想把臟亂留給別人。leaveover省去，略去；1eavesth．withsb．把某物交給某人。5．善于總結(jié)概括全文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容進行選擇。例如：IknowthenthatAmyandIwouldbe50andmyfirstyearofcollegeWOUldbeasuccess．A．sistersD．friendsCstudentsD．fellOW答案B從全文內(nèi)容很容易排除選項A和D。根據(jù)Amy的熱情接待，作者預(yù)感到她與Amy會成為朋友。6．根據(jù)文章背景的意思需要，從語言結(jié)構(gòu)上進行選擇。例如：Irealizedthat53Ihadddonethat，Iwuolddhavelostanewfriendandmisseda11thefunwewouldhavetogether．A．beforeB．ifC．whileD．a(chǎn)s答案B根據(jù)謂語動詞是虛擬語氣可判斷出應(yīng)用if填寫。在表示過去的虛擬語氣中，if從句用had+過去分詞，主句用would(could)+havedone．7．注意英漢兩種語言的差異，不能簡單地互譯，據(jù)語感選擇答案。出題者深知學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中的弱點，往往從母語的角度設(shè)置干擾項來增加試題的難度，考查學(xué)生的基本功和靈活運用能力，所以在平常的學(xué)習(xí)中，要逐漸培養(yǎng)自己的“語感”不要受母語的影響。這就需要較高的閱讀能力和閱讀技巧，是在大量閱讀、科學(xué)訓(xùn)練的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的一種能力。三、驗證——帶入答案，復(fù)查全文把答案填入空白處，恢復(fù)短文的原貌，重新閱讀全文，注重全丈是否連貫，語言是否精確，對因逐句理解而造成的片面錯誤進行調(diào)整，注重所選的是最佳答案而不是“正確”答案，必要時進行調(diào)整，切忌流于形式。常有同學(xué)做完完形填空后，便草草收場，結(jié)果讓一些疏忽導(dǎo)致不該犯的錯，造成試卷中的遺憾，所以最后一步尤為重要。綜上所述，完形填空雖然難度較大，考查學(xué)生綜合運用英語知識的能力，得高分較難，這就要學(xué)生了解高考完形填空的命題特點，并掌握此題的技巧，在平日訓(xùn)練中有的放矢，在熟練掌握語言、詞匯、語法等扎實的基礎(chǔ)知識和基本技能之上，在科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練之上，及時發(fā)現(xiàn)不足，及時總結(jié)，相信大家就能提高運用所學(xué)知識解決實際問題的能力，在做題時就能得心應(yīng)手，事半功倍，馬到成功。******************************************************結(jié)束SpringtimeinParisDepartures:May5,12,19andJune94daysfor$129perpersonParisintheSpringtimewas,isandalwayswillbe,somethingratherspecial.Whynotexperienceitforyourselfwiththisexcellentbreakforfourdays?Thisattractivecityhassomethingtooffereveryoneandwithpricesatjust$129.It'sgreatvaluetoo.Yourbreakbeginswithexecutivecoach(長途公共汽車)transfer(中轉(zhuǎn))fromregional(各地的)pick-uppointsandtraveltoParisisviacross-channelferry(渡船),arrivingatyourhotelintheevening.TheIbisisanexcellentqualityhotelwithprivatefacilitiesinallrooms:satelliteTV,radio,telephoneandalarmclock.IthasabarandarestaurantandissituatedabouttwomilessouthofNotreDameenablingyoutoexplorePariswithease.Thefollowingday,aftercontinentalbreakfast(included),thecoachtakesyouonacomprehensivesightseeingtourofthecity,duringwhichyouwillseetheEiffelTower,ChampsElysees,L'ArcdeTriomphe,theLouvre,infactalmosteveryfamouslandmarkyouwilleverhaveheardof.YouthenleaveParisandtakeashortdrivetothemagnificentPalaceofVersailles,thehomeofLouisXIV.Thetourendsmid-afternoonbackinPariswhereyouwillhavetheremainderofthedayatyourleisure.Intheeveningthereisa‘ParisByNight’tourshowingyouthebeautifulbuildingswithbrightlights.DaythreetakesyoutoMontmartre,perhapsthemostpicturesquequarterofParisandhomeoftheSacreCoeurandtheMoulinRouge.Intheafternoonyouarefreetoexplorethisbeautifulcityasyouwish,perhapsapleasurevoyageontheRiverSeine,wanderaroundthepicturesquegardensorlookthroughamongtheantiqueshops(古玩店).Intheeveningyouwillhavetheopportunitytovisitthebestnight-clubinthecity,thesplendidPatin.Onthefinaldayit'sbacktotheUKviachannelferry.Includedinthepriceof$129perperson：*ReturnexecutivecoachtraveltoParis;*Returnferrycrossings；*ThreenightsaccommodationinatwinbeddedroominaCentralParishotelwithprivatefacilities；*Continentalbreakfastduringyourstay；*Guidedsightseeingtourof“ParisByDay”and“ParisByNight”；*VisittoChateauofVersailles(admissionnotincluded)；*TouronMontmartre；*Servicesofanexperiencedbilingualtourguideatalltimes.1.Thisadvertisementismainly________.A．totelltouriststheroutetoParisB．toshowthepriceoftravelingtoParisC．tointroducethecityofParisD．toattracttouriststoParis2.DuringthestayinParis,thetouristswill________.A．haveafreetimeofhalfdayB．havea“ParisByNight”onthefirsteveningC．haveapleasurevoyageontheRiverSeinetogetherD．liveinahoteltwomilesawayfromParis3.Theunderlinedword“quarter”isusedinthetexttoreferto________.A．a(chǎn)periodoftimeB．districtC．fourthpartD．exhibition4.Afterpaying$129，thetouristswillhavetopay________inParis.A．thecontinentalbreakfastsB．touronMontmartreC．a(chǎn)dmissiontickettoChateauofVersaillesD．servicesofabilingualtourguide5.Welearnfromthetextthat________.A．thetouristscantelephoneinIbiswithoutpayingB．thetouristswillspendthenightinParadisLatinonthethirddayC．PalaceofVersaillesisnotinthecenterofParisD．itwilltakeyoualongtimetogettoMontmartrefromParis**************************************************************結(jié)束Today,there’shardlyanaspectofourlifethatisn’tbeingupendedbythetonsofinformationavailableonthehundredsofmillionsofsitescrowdingtheInternet,nottomentionitsabilitytokeepusinconstanttouchwitheachothervia/throughelectronicmail．“Iftheautomobileandaerospacetechnologyhadexplodedatthesamepaceascomputerandinformationtechnology,”saysMicrosoft,“anewcarwouldcostabout$2andgo600milesonasmallquantityofgas．AndyoucouldbuyaBoeing747forthecostofapizza．”Probablythebiggestpayoff,however,isthebillionsofdollarstheInternetissavingcompaniesinproducinggoodsandservingfortheneedsoftheircustomers．NothinglikeithasbeenseensincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,whenpower-drivenmachinesbeganproducingmoreinadaythanmencouldturnoutinnearlyayear．“WeviewthegrowthoftheInternetande-commerceasaglobaltrend,”saysMerrillLynch,“alongthelinesofprintingpress,thetelephone,thecomputer,andelectricity．”Youwouldbehardpressedtonamesomethingthatisn’tavailableontheInternet．Consider:books,healthcare,movietickets,constructionmaterials,babyclothes,stocks,cattlefeed,music,electronics,antiques,tools,realestate,toys,autographsoffamouspeople,wineandairlinetickets．Andevenafteryou’vemovedontoyourfinalrestingplace,there’snoreasonthoseyoulovecan’tkeepintouch．AcompanycalledFinalThoughts．comoffersaplaceforyoutostore“afterlifee-mails”youcansendtoHeavenwiththehelpofa“guardianangel”．KidstodayaresocomputerliteratethatitinfactensurestheUnitedStateswillremaintheunchallengedleaderincyberspacefortheforeseeable（能預(yù)測的）future．Nearlyallchildreninfamilieswithincomesofmorethan$75,000ayearhavehomecomputers,accordingtoastudybytheDavidandLucilePackardFoundation．Youngstersfromages2to17atallincomelevelshavecomputers,with52%ofthoseconnectedtotheInternet．Mostkidsusecomputerstoplaygames（somefor30hoursormoreaweek）,andmanyteenagegirlsthinknothingofrushinghomefromschooltohavee-mailchatswithfriendstheyhavejustleft．What’sclearisthat,whetherwelikeitornot,theInternetisanevergrowingpartofourlivesandthereisnoturningback．“TheInternetisjust20%invented,”sayscyberpioneerJakeWinebaum．“Thelast80%ishappeningnow．”10．WhatcanwelearnfromtheMicrosoft’sremark? A．Today’scarsandairplanesareextremelyoverpriced． B．Informationtechnologyisdevelopingatanamazingspeed C．Informationtechnologyhasreachedthepointwhereimprovementisdif