法律英語法理學常用詞匯（一）2013-03-1516:02【大中小】【我要糾錯】按照法律規(guī)定accordingtolaw按照確定的份額分享權(quán)力：beentitledtorightsinproportiontohispropershareofthecredit按照確定的份額分擔義務：assumeobligationsinproportiontohispropershareofthedebt案例教學法casesystem案例匯編casebook;casereport;lawreport柏拉圖Plato被視為bedeemedas被宣布為非法beoutlawed;bedeclaredillegal比較法comparativelaw比較法學comparativejurisprudence比較法學派schoolofcomparativejurisprudence比較法制史comparativelegalhistory比較分析法methodofcomparativeanalysis比較刑法comparativepenallaw比較刑法學comparativepenaljurisprudence必然因果關(guān)系positivecausalrelationship邊緣法學borderlinejurisprudence變通辦法adaptation;accommodation補充規(guī)定supplementaryprovision補救辦法remedialmeasures不成文法unwrittenlaw不成文憲法unwrittenconstitution不動產(chǎn)所在地法律lawoftheplacewheretherealpropertyissituated;lexlocireiimmobilisci不可分割的權(quán)利impartibleright不可抗力forcemajeure不可侵犯性inviolability不可讓與性inalienability不履行法律義務non-performanceofobligation不要式行為informalact不要因的法律行為non-causaljuristicact不因?qū)嵭Ф鴨适У臋?quán)利imprescriptibleright不作為abstainfromanact;actofomission部門法departmentlaw部門規(guī)章regulation參照consult參照具體情況inthelightofactualconditions參照原文consulttheoriginal查士丁尼法典CodeJustinian;CodexJustinianus查士丁尼法規(guī)匯編Authenticum超出法律范圍的outsideoflaw超出法律權(quán)限的extralegal超過權(quán)限exceedauthority;beyondjurisdiction成文法writtenlaw成文憲法writtenconstitution沖突法conflictoflaws;rulesofconflict沖突規(guī)則conflictrule;ruleofconflict除（本法）另有規(guī)定外exceptforotherwisestipulated(bythislaw)除外條款provisoryclause除外責任條款exclusionclause觸犯公共利益encroachonthepublicinterests觸犯國際利益goagainstthestate'sinterests觸犯人民利益encroachontheinterestsofthepeople;goagainstthepeople'sinterests傳統(tǒng)法律觀念traditionalideasoflaw純粹法學puretheoryoflaw次要法規(guī)bylaw次要規(guī)則secondaryrule從寬解釋原則doctrineofliberalconstruction從權(quán)利accessoryright達到法定年齡comeofage大法thefundamentallaw大法官LordHighChancellor大法官法院CourtofChancery大陸法系ContinentalLegalSystem大律師barrister《大明律》CriminalLawoftheMingDynasty（中）大陪審團grandjury《大清律例》theCriminalLawsoftheQingDynasty(中)《大憲章》(1215)GreatCharter,1215(英)單行法規(guī)specificregulations單一法律體系unitarylegalsystem單一制政府unitarygovernment但書proviso當代法學動向currenttrendofjurisprudence當然解釋naturalinterpretation黨紀國法partydisciplineandthelawofthecountry道德規(guī)范normofmorality道德義務moralobligation《德國民法典》GermanCivilcode德拉古Draco地方各級人民代表大會localpeople'scongressesatdifferentlevels地方各級人民法院localpeople'scourtsatdifferentlevels地方各級人民檢察院localpeople'sprocuratoratesatdifferentlevels地方各級人民政府localpeople'sgovernmentsatdifferentlevels第二讀secondreading第三讀thirdreading二元論thedualistictheory二元君主立憲制dualconstitutionalmonarchysystem二元論thedualistictheory二元論者dualist二元制bicameralsystem法的本質(zhì)thenatureoflaw法的變化changesoflaw法的定義definitionoflaw法的發(fā)展developmentoflaw法的分類divisionsoflaw法的概念conceptsoflaw法的規(guī)范作用normalizedusageoflaw法的繼承successionoflaw法的精神spiritoflaw法的可預測性foreseeabilityoflaw法的類型typesoflaw法的歷史類型的更替thereplacementofonehistoricalmodeoflawbyanother法的歷史淵源historicaloriginoflaw法的連續(xù)性continuityoflaw法的內(nèi)容contextsoflaw法的社會作用socialusageoflaw法的生效operationoflaw法的實現(xiàn)realizationoflaw法的特征characteroflaw法的現(xiàn)象legalphenomenon法的消亡witheringawayoflaw法的形式淵源formalsourceoflaw法的要素elementsoflaw法的淵源sourceoflaw法的職能functionoflaw法的作用roleoflaw法典code;statutebook法典編纂codificationofcodes法定成年人的年齡ageofmajority;legalage法定程序legalprocedure法定處罰statutorypenalty法定代理人：agentadlitem法定解釋statutoryinterpretation法定量刑情節(jié)legallyprescribedcircumstancesofsentencing法定年齡legalage;lawfulage法定年齡限制astatutoryagelimit法定期間prescribedtime法定期限legalterm法定權(quán)利legalright;rightentitledbylaw法定權(quán)限limitsofpowerprescribedbylaw法定人數(shù)quorum法定日appointedday法定時間appointedtime法定時效statutoryprescription法定條件legalcondition法定限制statutoryrestrictions法定效力statutoryforce法定刑legally-prescribedpunishment法定形式legalform法定責任statutoryduty法定追溯期timeoflegalmemory法定最高刑maximumstatutorypenalty;maximumstatutorysentence法官judge法官的自由裁量權(quán)judge'spowerofdiscretion法官權(quán)力范圍extentofjudge'spower法官心證judge'smentalimpression法官中立原則Nemodebtessejudexinpropriacausa法規(guī)編纂condificationoflawsandregulations法規(guī)的解釋interpretationofstatutes法規(guī)匯編corpusofthelawsandregulations《法國民法典》CodeCiviledeFrancais(法)法理jurisprudence;principleoflaw法理學家jurisprudent法律保護legalprotection法律編纂codification法律標準legalstandards法律補救legalredress法律部門legaldepartment法律草案draftregulations法律措施legalmeasures法律大全Corpuslegume法律的本土化和改寫thelocalizationandadaptiionoflaws法律的本質(zhì)essenceoflaw法律的地位positionoflaw法律的定義definitionoflaw法律的廢止abolishmentoflaw法律的公共秩序論publicordertheoryoflaw法律的規(guī)范性normalizationoflaw法律的繼承successionoflaw法律的理想idealoflaw法律的權(quán)威authorityoflaw法律的失效lapseoflaw法律的實施administrationoflaw;lawenforcement法律的適用applicationoflaw法律的統(tǒng)一unificationoflaw法律的推定presumptionoflaw法律的推理analogyoflaw法律的完整性integrityoflaw法律的效力范圍force'sscaleoflaw法律的效力形式force'sformoflaw法律的修改alterationoflaw法律的演進evolutionoflaw法律的原理principleoflaw法律地位平等equalinlegalstatus法律對人的效力personalactoflaw編纂法律方法legalmethodology法律分類classificationoflaw法律賦予權(quán)力authorityconferredbylaw法律改革lawreform法律概念legalconcept法律根據(jù)legalbasis法律工作者legalprofessional法律關(guān)系legalrelation法律英語法律關(guān)系的運行processoflegalrelation法律關(guān)系客體objectoflegalrelation法律關(guān)系主體subjectoflegalrelation法律規(guī)定provisionsoflaw法律規(guī)范normoflaw法律規(guī)范的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)logicalstructureoflegalrule法律規(guī)則體系systemoflegalrules法律含義intendmentoflaw法律另有規(guī)定：otherwisestipulatedbylaw法律現(xiàn)象legalphenomenon法律研究legalresearch法律要件legalrequirement法律依據(jù)legalbasis法律意見legaladvice法律意見書legalopinion法律意識law-consciousness法律意義legalsense法律用語legallanguage法律與正義先驗論apriortheoryoflawandjustice法律淵源sourceoflaw法律原本注釋gloss法律原理legaldoctrines法律原則principleoflegality法律援助legalaid法律約束legalbinding;legalrestraint法律責任legalresponsibility法律責任的道義基礎(chǔ)moralbasicoflegalobligation法律責任的歸結(jié)imputatonoflegalresponsibility法律責任的認定determinationoflegalresponsibility法律責任的執(zhí)行enforcementoflegalresponsibility法律責任客體objectoflegalresponsibility法律責任主體subjectoflegalresponsibility法律哲學philosophyoflaw;philosophiedudroit（法）；philosophiajuris法律政策policyofthelaw法律職業(yè)道德legalethics法律指導legalcounsel法律制裁legalsanction法律制度regimeoflaw;legalsystem法律秩序legalorder法律主體資格capacityasasubjectoflaw法律主張propositionoflaw法律屬地原則territorialityoflaws法律著述legalliterature法律專家legalexpert法律專業(yè)legalprofession法律專著和教科書legaltreatiseandtextbook法律咨詢legaladvice法律尊嚴legalsanctity法盲legalilliterates法權(quán)right法社會學sociologyoflaw法系legalsystem法協(xié)會lawsociety法學jurisprudence法學博士doctorofjurisprudence法學導論leadingprinciplesoflaw法學的范疇體系thesystemofcategoriesofjurisprudence法學的范疇意識theconsciousnessofcategoryofjurisprudence法學的基石范疇fundamentalcategoriesofjurisprudence法學方法methodofjurisprudence法學方法論methodologyofjurisprudence法學會lawsociety法學教科書lawtextbooks法學理論theoryoflaw;legaltheory法學權(quán)威anacademicauthorityinlaw法學士bacheloroflaw法學體系systemofjurisprudence法學通論firstprinciplesoflaw法學院facultyoflaw;lawschool法醫(yī)forensicmedicine法醫(yī)學forensicmedicine法院court法院調(diào)查judicialinvestigation法院管轄權(quán)competenceofcourt法院管轄以外的extrajudicial法院判決courtdecision法院系統(tǒng)courtstructure法院組織法judicatureact法則articles法哲學philosophyoflaw法制legalinstitution法制傳統(tǒng)traditionoflawsystem法制的精神spiritoflegality法制的尊嚴dignityofthelegalsystem法制觀念legalconcept法制觀念淡薄veryweakintheunderstandingoflaw法制教育legaleducation;educationoflegalsystem法制史legalhistory;historyoflegalsystem法治ruleoflaw法治的機制themechanismofruleoflaw法治的要素theelementofruleoflaw非實質(zhì)的immaterial非營利的non-profit非約束性條款permissiveprovision廢止法律annulmentoflaw分別管轄權(quán)separatejurisdiction分別財產(chǎn)制separationofpropertyregime分別規(guī)定separateprovision分擔責任sharetheresponsibility分工負責，互相配合，互相制約divideresponsibilityfortheirownwork;coordinatetheireffortsandcheckeachother分工負責制divisionoflaborresponsibilitysystem分級管理differentlevelsholdingdifferentresponsibilities分配制度distributionsystem分析法理學analyticaljurisprudence否決權(quán)powerveto;vetopower否認事實denialoffacts服從法律amenabletolaw;subjecttothelaw服從判決acceptajudgment符合程序beinorder符合法律beinconformitywithlaw符合憲法constitutionality符合憲法的法律constitutionallaw符合原則beinconformitywiththeprinciple蓋尤斯Gaius概括裁定generalverdict概括繼承g(shù)eneralsuccession干擾司法公正interferencewithcourseofjustice剛性條款entrenchedclause剛性憲法rigidconstitution崗位責任制postresponsibilitysystem高等法院highcourt;highcourtofjustice高度集中highlycentralize高度民主highlevelofdemocracy高度自治權(quán)highdegreeofautonomy高級法官seniorjudge高級法院superiorcourt高級人民法院HigherPeople'Court高級人民檢察院HigherPeople'Procuratortate擱置setaside;abeyance格式條款clauseofstyle公認的行為準則establishedstandardofconduct規(guī)避法律infraudoflaw規(guī)避義務evadeobligations規(guī)范的法律規(guī)則normativeruleoflaw規(guī)范法學normativejurisprudence規(guī)范性法律文件normalizativedocumentoflaw法律淵源sourceoflaw制定法statute判例法caselaw；precedent普通法commonlaw特別法speciallaw固有法nativelaw；indigenouslaw繼受法adoptedlaw實體法substantiallaw程序法procedurallaw原則法fundamentallaw例外法exceptionlaw司法解釋judicialinterpretation習慣法customarylaw公序良俗publicorderandmoral自然法naturallaw羅馬法RomanLaw私法privatelaw公法publiclaw市民法juscivile萬民法jusgentium民法法系civillawsystem英美法系systemofAnglo-Americanlaw大陸法系civillawsystem普通法commonlaw大陸法continentallaw羅馬法系Romanlawsystem英吉利法Englishlaw衡平法equity；lawofequity日爾曼法Germanticlaw教會法ecclesiasticallaw寺院法canonlaw伊斯蘭法Islamiclaw規(guī)范性法律文件的規(guī)范化normalizationofnormativelegaldocument國際法internationallaw國際法學internationaljurisprudence過錯方tort-feasor;wrongdoer過錯推定原則doctrineofpresumption過錯責任liabilityforwrongs;tortliability海事法院courtofadmiralty《漢穆拉比法典》CodeofHammurabi合并條款consolidationofprovisions合法的個人財產(chǎn)legalpersonalproperty合法地位legalstatus合法權(quán)益thelawfulrightsandinterests合法行為lawfulacts;legalityofpurpose合憲性constitutionality衡平法equity衡平法規(guī)則ruleofequity衡平法學equityjurisprudence衡平法院CourtofChancery(美)；CourtofEquity（英）后法取代前法Alaterstatutetakesawaytheeffectofapriorone.后法優(yōu)于前法lexposteriorderogatpriori戶籍所在地：theplacewherehisresidenceisregistered互為因果reciprocalcausation基本法fundamentallaw基本法律規(guī)范basicnormoflaw基本方針basicpolicies基本權(quán)利和義務basicrightsandduties基本司法概念和假設(shè)basiclegalconceptionandassumption技術(shù)性法規(guī)technicallegalrule家庭法familylaw建立法律關(guān)系createlegalrelations教會法canonlaw《教會法大全》CorpusJurisCanonici教會法學家decretalists解釋法律的技術(shù)規(guī)則technicalruleofinterpretation解釋權(quán)powerofinterpretation近因immediatecause禁治產(chǎn)人imbecile;interdictedperson經(jīng)常居住地：habitualresidence經(jīng)法律確認的ascertainedbylaw經(jīng)法律許可authorizedbylaw經(jīng)驗法學scholastictheoriesoflaw糾問式審判trialbyinspectionorexamination具有法律約束力的文件legallybindinginstrument具有同等效力的withequalauthenticity具有約束力的判例bindingprecedent絕對衡平法absoluteequity君主立憲制度constitutionalmonarchy開羅會議CairoConference凱恩斯主義Keynesianism可撤銷的法律行為revocablejuristicact可讓與性alienability可用法律強制執(zhí)行的enforceableatlaw可預見的foreseeable可直接適用的法律directlyapplicablelaw可追溯的retrospective客觀條件objectivecondition客觀因素objectivefactor客體object擴充解釋amplifiedinterpretation理論法理學派theoreticaljurisprudenceschool理性決定說theoryofrationaldecision理性認識conceptualknowledge歷史法學historicaljurisprudence歷史法學派historicalschooloflaw歷史解釋historicalinterpretation立法機構(gòu)legislativebody立法權(quán)l(xiāng)aw-makingpower;legislativepower立法委任權(quán)l(xiāng)egislationmandate立足翻譯立法效力legislativeeffect立法議案bills立法者law-maker;legislator立憲constitutionalism利益沖突conflictofinterests利害關(guān)系人interestedperson連帶法律關(guān)系jointlegalrelations連帶責任jointandseveralobligation論理解釋logicalinterpretation羅馬法RomanLaw;JusRomanum羅馬法系Roman-LawSystem羅馬皇帝優(yōu)士丁尼一世JustinianI羅馬法理學jurisprudential《羅馬法律匯編》RomanDigest羅馬法學派schoolofRomanists羅馬－日耳曼法系Roman-Germanicfamily羅馬私法JusPrivatum邏輯解釋logicalinterpretation馬伯里訴麥迪遜案Marburyvs.Madison馬克思主義法律理論Marxism-leninism馬克思主義法學Marxistjurisprudence馬克思主義法學家Marxistjurist沒有事實根據(jù)的unsubstantial美國國際法協(xié)會AmericanInstituteofInternationalLaw美國海事法庭AdmiraltyCourtsoftheU.S.A.美國聯(lián)邦地區(qū)法院UnitedStatesdistrictcourts美國聯(lián)邦法官federaljudge沒有法律依據(jù)的lawless沒有判決先例的案件caseoffirstimpression《民法大全》CorpusJurisCivilis民法典civilcode民法法系Civil-LawSystem民法通則：GeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLaw民法學scienceofcivillaw民事案件中"占有優(yōu)勢證據(jù)"的原則"byapreponderanceofevidence"incivilcases民事權(quán)利能力：thecapacityforcivilrights民事權(quán)益：civilrightsandinterests民事訴訟法學CivilProcedureLaw民事制裁civilpunishment;civilsanction民政部門：thecivilaffairsdepartment明代法規(guī)lawsandregulationsofMingDynasty明示或默示的expressorimplied默示表達communicationbyimplication拿破侖法典TheCodeNapolean內(nèi)部規(guī)章internalregulations納妾制concubinage南京條約(1843)TreatyofNanking,1843擬制理論fictiontheory擬制買賣mancipatio歐洲大陸法continentallaw偶然權(quán)利contingentright偶然因果關(guān)系fortuitouscausalrelationship偶然因素accidentalia偶因accidentalcause排他的權(quán)利righttoexcludeallothers派生的權(quán)利derivedright派生取得derivativeacquisition判例法系CaseLawSystem普通法法系Common-LawSystem判例法系CaseLawSystem判例匯編reports;reportsofjudgments普通法commonlaw普通法法系Common-LawSystem普通法上的補償common-lawremedy普通法上的過失common-lawnegligence普通法上的留置權(quán)common-lawlien普通法學generaljurisprudence強制辦法coercivemethod強制規(guī)定mandatoryprovisions強制性法規(guī)mandatoryruleoflaw強制性條款mandatoryterm侵犯財產(chǎn)權(quán)propertytorts侵權(quán)行為法tortlaw侵權(quán)責任tortiousliability清理法規(guī)checkuplawsandregulations區(qū)域性法律體系regionalsystemoflaws取證obtainevidence確權(quán)之訴affirmativepetitoryaction;causeforownershipaffirmation確認之訴actionforconfirmation;actioconfessoria權(quán)威解釋authenticinterpretation人法humanlaw,statutepersonalia人格減等capitisdeminutio人身不可侵犯inviolabilityoftheperson人身非財產(chǎn)關(guān)系personalnon-propertyrelations人身關(guān)系personalrelation任意解釋arbitraryinterpretation《日耳曼法》Germaniclaw柔性憲法flexibleconstitution三權(quán)分立separationofpowers善意推定presumptionofgoodfaith商法commerciallaw商法典codeofcommerce社會法學sociologicaljurisprudence社會關(guān)系socialrelations社會規(guī)范socialregulation社會連帶主義法學socialsolidarismjurisprudence社會契約論theoryofsocialcontract社會團體：socialorganization社會主義法學socialistjurisprudence社會主義法制socialistlegalsystem;socialistruleoflaw神法divinelaw神權(quán)說theoryofdivineright審查制度censorship;inspectionsystem審計監(jiān)督supervisethroughauditing審計監(jiān)督權(quán)powertosupervisethroughauditing生效條款operativeclause失效法律expiredlaws失效日expirydate施行細則implementaryprovisions實證主義法學派thepositivistschool《十二表法》TwelveTables實體法materiallaw;substantiallaw實體法上的抗辯substantialdefense實體權(quán)利substantiveright實用主義法學judicialpragmaticism實在法positivelaw實在法學positivejurisprudence實在法學派positivist實在主義法學positivistjurisprudence實證法學positivejurisprudence實質(zhì)條款materialstipulation實質(zhì)性的瑕疵defectofsubstance實質(zhì)性解釋materialinterpretation事實的推定presumptionoffact事業(yè)單位：institution適用法律referencetothelaw;applicablelaw適用范圍areaofapplication;sphereofapplication適用中國法律：begovernedbythelawofPRC(ThelawofPRCshallapplyto)溯及既往原則doctrineofretroactivity溯及力retrospect;retrospectiveeffect損害賠償damages梭倫Solon彈性憲法elasticconstitution特別程序specialprocedure特別但書specialproviso特別法speciallaw特殊主體specialsubject提案motion;overture;proposal提出抗辯raiseaplea;raiseaplead條約法lawoftreaties同態(tài)復仇retaliation推定合法presumptionoflegality停止生效ceasetohaveeffect外國法foreignlaw外國法制史foreignlegalhistory外國人待遇foreignertreatment完全民事權(quán)利能力：fullcapacityforcivilconduct完全喪失行為能力的人personentirelyincapableoflegaltransaction完全無行為能力absolutedisability萬民法jusgentium違法構(gòu)成要件essentialconditionofdelict【刑法總論】法律英語詞匯匯總2012-01-1015:14【大中小】【我要糾錯】刑法學criminallaw;penallaw犯罪學criminology犯罪心理學criminalpsychology勞動改造法學reform-through-labor中國刑法史historyofChinesecriminallaw比較刑法學comparativecriminallaw刑事偵查criminaldetection司法精神病學forensicpsychiatry罪刑法定原則principalofalegallyprescribedpunishmentforaspecifiedcrime罪刑相適應原則principalofsuitingpunishmenttocrime罪責自負原則principalofbearingresponsibilitysolelyforone'sowncrime懲罰與教育相結(jié)合原則principalofcombiningpunishmentwitheducation從舊原則thedoctrineofobservingoldlaws從新原則thedoctrineofobservingnewlaws從舊兼從輕原則thedoctrineofobservingoldlawsandnewoneswhenwithlighterpunishment從新兼從輕原則thedoctrineofobservingnewlawsandoldoneswhenwithlighterpunishment追訴時效limitationofprosecution刑事責任criminalliability/responsibility刑事責任年齡ageforcriminalresponsibility刑事責任能力criminalresponsibility;capacityforcriminalresponsibility犯罪crime;commitacrime故意犯罪intentionalcrime;willfulcrime過失犯罪negligentcrime犯罪構(gòu)成constitutionofacrime犯罪主體subjectofacrime犯罪客體objectofacrime犯罪的主觀方面subjectiveelementsofacrime犯罪的客觀方面objectiveelementsofacrime犯罪對象targetofacrime犯罪故意criminalintent;mensrea直接故意actualintent;directintent間接故意indirectintent犯罪過失criminalnegligence疏忽大意的過失carelessnegligence過于自信的過失negligencewithundueassumption不能預見unforeseeable;unpredictable不能避免unavoidable犯罪動機criminalmotive犯罪目的criminalintent;criminalpurpose防衛(wèi)過當unjustifiableself-defense緊急避險actofrescue;necessity犯罪既遂completionofacrime犯罪未遂attemptedcrime犯罪形態(tài)criminalpattern犯罪預備acrimeinpreparation;preparationforacrime犯意表示expressionforacrime犯罪中止abandonment/discontinuanceofacrime犯罪中斷suspensionofacrime行為犯behavioraloffence危險犯potentialdamageoffence結(jié)果犯consequentialoffence結(jié)果加重犯aggregatedconsequentialoffence類推analogybribery行賄受賄Theactofoffering，giving，ortakingbribes.贈送，提供，或接受賄金的行為。例句：Thecongressmanresignedafterhavingbeenfoundguiltyofbribery.這位議員被證實犯有行賄受賄罪后辭職了。bumrap錯捕Anunmeritedarrest不應實施的逮捕。例句：Steveservedsixmonthsjailtimeonabumrap.史迪夫因錯捕而受了6個月的監(jiān)禁。burglary入室盜竊Theactofbreakingintoahome，building，etc.withtheintenttostealfromit.闖入民宅、建筑物等，企圖偷盜的行為。例句：Burglariesinourtownhavebeenontheupswing.我們小城里的入室盜竊案一直在上升。edpcrimes電腦犯罪Electronicdata-processingcrime；criminaloffensescommittedusingcomputertechnology.在電子數(shù)據(jù)處理方面的犯罪；利用電腦技術(shù)進行的犯罪。例句：TheIRSinvestigatedhundredsofedpcrimeseveryyear.美國國內(nèi)收入局每年都要調(diào)查數(shù)以百計的電腦犯罪。embezzlement貪污Theillegalmisappropriationoffundsentrustedtoone’scare.將由自己保管的資金非法據(jù)為已有。例句：Wehaveneverhadaproblemwithembezzlementatthisbank.我們這家銀行從沒發(fā)生過貪污案件。first-degreemurder一級謀殺案Premeditatedmurder.事先策劃好的謀殺。例句：Themanwaschangedwithfirst-degreemurderinthedeathofhislover’shusband.這位男子其情人的丈夫死亡案中被指控犯有一級謀殺罪。forgery偽造Theactofcreatingadocument，eitherwrittenorprinted，withtheintenttodefraud.Forgeryalsocoverscounterfeiting，orproducingfakesignatures，worksofart，etc.以欺騙為目的而仿制手寫或印刷文件的行為。偽造還包括制假錢幣、仿冒簽名和藝術(shù)品等。gamble賭博Tobetorwagermoneyongamesofchance，races，etc.在概率類游戲或比賽中打賭或下注。例句：Burtlost$000gamblinginLasVegasovertheweekend.伯特周末在拉斯維加斯賭博輸了000美元。hijack劫持Toseizecontrolofanairplane，boat，automobile，etc.強行控制飛機、船只、車輛等。例句：TerroristjusthijackedaplanetoCuba.恐怖分子剛剛動持了一架飛往古巴的飛機。hit-and-run肇事逃逸Anautomobileaccidentinwhichthedriverfailstostopandidentifyhimselforherself.Theterm“hit-and-run”mayalsobeappliedtosuchadriver.指一起汽車事故中，肇事司機不停車，且不亮明自己身份。該詞也可以指肇事逃逸司機。例句：Iwasavictimofahit-and-runaccidentonMonday.周一發(fā)生了一起肇事逃逸案，我是其中的受害者。hold-up持槍搶劫Theactofrobbingsomeoneatgunpoint.持槍相威脅，搶奪他人財物的行為。例句：Therewasahold-upatthebankoveronndstreet.在第二大街的銀行里發(fā)生了一起搶劫案。policecorruption警察腐敗Themisuseofpolicepowerinreturnforfavorsofgain.警察濫用權(quán)力以換取好處和利益。例句：Themayorisworkingtoputanendtopolicecorruptioninthiscity.市長正致力于肅清本市的警察腐敗。prisonbreak越獄Anescapefromprisoninvolvingviolencebyoneormoreprisoners.一個或多個囚犯使用暴力從監(jiān)獄逃跑。例句：TwoguardsandtwoinmateswerekilledinaprisonbreakinTexas，yesterday.昨天在得克薩斯州發(fā)生一起越獄案，兩名衛(wèi)兵和兩名囚犯被殺死。serialkiller系列命案的殺手，連環(huán)殺手Amurderwhocommitsaseriesofkillings，usuallywithdistinctsimilaritiesinthemurders.制造多起命案的兇手，其作案手段通常有明顯相似之處。例句：Doesn’titseemsalittleinappropriatetoputserialkillersontradingcards.將系列命案的兇手印在商業(yè)卡片上是不是有些不合適？taxevasion逃稅Theillegalattemptbyataxpayertoavoidpayinghisorhertaxes.納稅人企圖逃避納稅的非法行為。例句：BillwasfoundguiltyoftaxevasionandowestheIRSover$60，000inbacktaxes.比爾被判逃稅罪，他現(xiàn)在仍欠國內(nèi)收入局六萬多美元的滯納稅金。warcrime戰(zhàn)爭犯罪Crimesthatviolatethecustomsandlawsofwar.違犯戰(zhàn)爭法律和戰(zhàn)爭習慣的犯罪。例句：Theretiredofficerwasfoundguiltyofwarcrimeswhenevidencewasuncoveredduringarecentinvestigation.在最近的一次調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的證據(jù)證明這位退休軍官曾有戰(zhàn)爭犯罪。white-collarcrime白領(lǐng)犯罪Crimescommittedbypersonsinbusinessesincludingexpense-accountpadding，stealingofficesupplies，price-fixing，productfraud，etc.公司職員的犯罪，包括虛報開支、偷盜辦公用品、私定價格、產(chǎn)品欺詐等。例句：Businessesarelosingmillionsofdollars，andproductsaremoreexpensiveduetowhite-collarcrime.由于白領(lǐng)犯罪，企業(yè)界每年損失數(shù)百萬美元，產(chǎn)品也因之更貴。民法民法法律規(guī)范normofcivillaw授權(quán)規(guī)范authorizationnorm禁止規(guī)范forbiddingnorm義務性規(guī)范obligatorynorm命令性規(guī)范commandingnorm民法基本原則fundamentalprinciplesofcivillaw平等原則principleofequality自愿原則principleoffreewill公平原則principleofjustice等價有償原則principleofequalvalueexchange誠實信用原則principleofgoodfaith行為act作為act不作為omission合法行為lawfulact違法行為unlawfulact民事權(quán)利權(quán)利能力civilright絕對權(quán)absoluteright相對權(quán)relativeright優(yōu)先權(quán)rightofpriority先買權(quán)preemption原權(quán)antecedentright救濟權(quán)rightofrelief支配權(quán)rightofdominion請求權(quán)rightofclaim物上請求權(quán)rightofclaimforrealthing形成權(quán)rightofformation撤銷權(quán)rightofclaimingcancellation否認權(quán)rightofclaimingcancellation解除權(quán)rightofrenouncement代位權(quán)subrogatedright選擇權(quán)rightofchoice承認權(quán)rightofadmission終止權(quán)rightoftermination抗辯權(quán)rightofdefense一時性抗辯權(quán)momentaryrightofdefense永久性抗辯權(quán)permanentcounter-argumentright不安抗辯權(quán)unstablecounter-argumentright同時履行抗辯權(quán)defenserightofsimultaneousperformance既得權(quán)testedright期待權(quán)expectantright專屬權(quán)exclusiveright非專屬權(quán)non-exclusiveright人身權(quán)利personalright人權(quán)humanright人格權(quán)rightofpersonality生命健康權(quán)rightoflifeandhealth姓名權(quán)rightofname名稱權(quán)rightofname肖像權(quán)rightofportraiture自由權(quán)rightoffreedom名譽權(quán)rightreputation隱私權(quán)rightofprivacy私生活秘密權(quán)rightofprivacy貞操權(quán)virginityright身份權(quán)rightofstatus親權(quán)parentalpower；parentalright親屬權(quán)rightofrelative探視權(quán)visitationright配偶權(quán)rightofspouse榮譽權(quán)rightofhonor權(quán)利的保護protectionofright公力救濟publicprotection私力救濟self-protection權(quán)利本位standardofright律師部分的訴訟英語2013-02-2509:50【大中小】【我要糾錯】案件受理費courtacceptancefee案情重大、復雜importantandcomplicatedcase案由causeofaction案子case包攬訴訟monopolizelawsuits被告defendant（用于民事、行政案件）；theaccused（用于刑事案件）被上訴人appellee被訴人respondent；defendant本案律師councelprohacvice本地律師localcounsel畢業(yè)證diploma；graduationcertificate辯護詞defense；pleadings辯護律師defenselawyer辯護要點pointofdefense辯護意見submission財產(chǎn)租賃propertytenancy裁定書order；ruling；determination（指終審裁定）裁決書award（用于仲裁）裁決書verdict（用于陪審團）采信的證據(jù)admittedevidence；establishedevidence草擬股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議draftingagreementofassignmentofequityinterests查閱法條sourcelegalprovisions產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓conveyancing出差goonerrand；goonabusinesstrip出國深造furtherstudyabroad出具律師意見書providinglegalopinion出示的證據(jù)exhibit出庭appearincourt傳票summons；subpoena答辯狀answer；reply代理詞representation代理房地產(chǎn)買賣與轉(zhuǎn)讓agencyforsaleandtransferofrealestate代理公證、商標、專利、版權(quán)、房地產(chǎn)、工商登記agencyfornotarization，trademark，patent，copyright，andregistrationofrealestateandincorporations代理仲裁agencyforarbitration代寫文書draftingoflegalinstruments待決案件pendingcase當事人陳述statementoftheparties第三人thirdparty吊銷執(zhí)業(yè)證revocationoflawyerlicense調(diào)查筆錄investigativerecord調(diào)查取證investigationandgatheringforevidence調(diào)解mediation調(diào)解書mediation二審案件caseoftrialofsecondinstance發(fā)送電子郵件sende-mail法律顧問legalconsultants法律意見書legalopinions法律援助legalaid法律咨詢legalcounseling法庭division；tribunal法學博士學位LL.D（DoctorofLaws）法學會lawsociety法學課程legalcourses法學碩士學位LL.M（MasterofLaws）法學系facultyoflaw；departmentoflaw法學學士學位LL.B（BachelorofLaws）J.D（jurisdoctor縮寫，美國法學學士）法學院lawschool法院公告courtannouncement反訴狀counterclaim房地產(chǎn)律師realestatelawyer；realpropertylawyer非合伙律師associatelawyer非訴訟業(yè)務non-litigationpractice高級合伙人seniorpartner高級律師seniorlawyer各類協(xié)議和合同agreementsandcontracts公安局PublicSecurityBureau公司上市companylisting公訴案件public-prosecutingcase公證書notarialcertificate國辦律師事務所state-runlawoffice國際貿(mào)易internationaltrade國際訴訟internationallitigation國內(nèi)訴訟domesticlitigation合伙律師partnerlawyer合伙制律師事務所lawofficeinpartner-ship；cooperatinglawofice合同審查、草擬、修改contractreview，draftingandrevision會見當事人interviewaclient會見犯罪嫌疑人interviewacriminalsuspect兼職律師part-timelawyer監(jiān)獄prison；jail鑒定結(jié)論expertconclusion繳納會費membershipdues舉證責任burdenofproof；onusprobandi決定書decision勘驗筆錄recordofrequest看守所detentionhouse抗訴書protest控告人accuser；complainant跨國訴訟transnationallitigation勞動爭議labordisputes勞動爭議仲裁委員會arbitrationcommitteeforlabordisputes勞改場reform-through-laborfarm；prisonfarm利害關(guān)系人interestedparty；partyininterest律管處處長directoroflawyercontroldepartment律師lawyerattorney；attorneyatlaw律師懲戒lawyerdiscipline律師法LawyerLaw律師費lawyerfee律師函lawyer'sletter律師見證lawyerattestation/authentication律師見證書lawyercertification/authentication/witness律師卷宗lawyer'sdocile；file律師刊物lawyer'sjournal律師聯(lián)系電話contactphonenumberofalawyer律師事務所lawoffice；lawfirm律師收費billingbylawyer律師網(wǎng)站lawyerwebsite律師協(xié)會NationalBar（Lawyer）Association律師協(xié)會會員memberofLawyerAssociation律師協(xié)會秘書長secretarygeneralofBar（Lawyer）Association律師協(xié)會章程ArticlesofLawyerAssocition律師業(yè)務室lawyer'soffice律師執(zhí)業(yè)證lawyerlicense律師助理assistantlawyer律師資格考試barexam；lawyerqualificationexam律師資格證lawyerqualificationcertificate民事案件civilcase民事調(diào)解civilmediation民事訴訟civillitigation派出所localpolicestation；policesubstation判決judgement（用于民事、行政案件）；determination（用于終審）；sentence（用于刑事案）；verdict（由陪審團作出）旁證circumstantialevidence企業(yè)章程articlesofassociation；articlesofincorporation；bylaw企業(yè)重組corporaterestructure起訴狀information；indictment取消律師資格disbar全國律師代表大會NationalLawyerCongress缺席宣判