中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解解題技巧1分門別類識(shí)別文體記敘文閱讀主要抓四大要素，即時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件的起因、發(fā)展和結(jié)果，以及人物之間的關(guān)系、表現(xiàn)，從中分析他們思想品質(zhì)、性格特征等；議論文是闡明作者對(duì)人或事的好壞的立場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn)，因此在閱讀時(shí)必須正確把握文章的論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)，理清論證思路，再進(jìn)行邏輯推理得出結(jié)論；應(yīng)用文是最貼近日常生活的文體，它包括通知、廣告、便條、申請(qǐng)書、個(gè)人簡歷，形式多樣，題材各異，如圖示、表格、地址、網(wǎng)址等，對(duì)這類文體的閱讀應(yīng)簡明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章內(nèi)容。2統(tǒng)覽全篇摘錄要點(diǎn)閱讀理解是對(duì)整個(gè)文章的目的、意圖、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、態(tài)度以及內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，而不是斷章取義的一孔之見，所以統(tǒng)覽全篇和問題是很有必要的，這些問題會(huì)給你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要細(xì)節(jié)。在統(tǒng)覽全篇的同時(shí)要注意要點(diǎn)的摘錄，因?yàn)橐恍╋@性的答案是可以從要點(diǎn)中直接回答，而隱性的答案則是要通過對(duì)全篇的理解才能得出。摘錄要點(diǎn)亦有利于檢查時(shí)節(jié)省時(shí)間。3開動(dòng)腦筋推測(cè)詞意初中英語教學(xué)基本要求規(guī)定，學(xué)生能根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義，并能不借助詞典讀懂含有3%生詞的語言材料，換言之，這就是促使學(xué)生的知識(shí)內(nèi)化的過程，學(xué)生要通過知識(shí)內(nèi)化將內(nèi)隱的心理活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換為外顯的行為，可以借助以下的幾種方法完成內(nèi)化過程：（1）根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞意。（2）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞意。前綴un-表反義詞，如happy、unhappy；fair、unfair；important、unimportant等。后綴-ment表名詞，如develop、development；state、statement；argue、argument等。后綴-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞，如calculate、calculator；visit、visitor；law、lawyer；wait、waiter；science、scientist；art、artist等。4用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)理解短文如根據(jù)化學(xué)知識(shí)，可以理解科普讀物Waterismadefromoxygenandhydrogen；根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以理解Greenplantsletoutoxygenandbreatheincarbondioxide.還有一種方法是根據(jù)邏輯推理理解短文。邏輯推理實(shí)際上就是文章的“弦外之音”、“言下之意”。如一道中考模擬卷閱讀問題，Thentheycametothesecondpicture.Theassistantwasgoingtodrawtheclothashedidbefore.Assoonashetouchedthecloth,hecried,“WonderfulIt'sthebestpictureIhaveeverseen!”據(jù)此可以推斷出第二張畫畫的是一塊布。5條分縷析理解長句長句是初中生閱讀理解的難點(diǎn)之一，長句中通常包含并列、復(fù)合、倒裝等結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)于這類句子要分清主次，先找出句子的主、謂、賓、定、狀、補(bǔ)，再找出修飾它的從句或短語等。如，Parentswhosechildrenshowaspecialinterestinaparticularsporthaveadifficultdecisiontomakeabouttheirchildren'scareer.先找出本句的主、謂、賓為Parentshaveadecision.再找出修飾語Whosechildrenshowaspecialinterestinaparticularsport為Parents的定語從句，difficult修飾decision，tomakeabouttheirchildren'scareers為不定式做decision的定語。經(jīng)過分析，化整為零，化繁為簡，此句就不難理解了。鞏固練習(xí)1、RachelCarson（1907﹣1964）wasapioneeroftheworld's

environmentalmovementthroughherwritingabouttheprotectionofthenaturalworld．Her1962bookSilentSpringmadeherwellknownbymanypeople．Itdescribestheharmfulchangesintheenvironmentofusingtoxic（有害的）chemicalsonfarmland．Carson'scareerstartedasabiologistintheUSBureauofFisheries．In1951shepublishedherfirstbook．TheSeaAroundUs，whichbecameabestseller．Itmadeherrichenoughtoleaveherjobanddevoteherlifetowriting．Shewassgiftedwriter．Hernexttwobookswerealsoabouttheoceansandbothtoppedthebooksaleslists．Carson'sbookSilentSpringcompletely

changedthewayAmericathoughtaboutnature．Itpainted

ableak（荒涼的）futureforthewholenaturalworld．Itledtoanationwideban（禁止）onthe

useofadeadlychemicalcalledDDT，andothertoxicpesticides（農(nóng)藥）thatfarmersusedfortheircrops．ManypeoplesaythebookledtothecreationofAmerica'sEnvironmental

ProtectionAgency．Sinceherdeath．Carson's

namehascontinuedtobeconnectedwithprotectingtheenvironment．ThereisnowayearlyRachelCarsonBookPrize．NorwayawardstheRachelCarsonPrizetowomenwhohavemadegreatcontributionstothefieldofenvironmentalprotection．In1980，16years

afterherdeath，shewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom，thehighestcivilianhonourinAmerica．1．WhathappenedtoRachelCarsonin1962？A．ShestartedtowritebooksB．ShegaveupworkingassbiologistC．HerbookTheSeaAroundUssoldwellD．HerbookSilentSpringmadeherfamous

2．WhatmostprobablymadeRachelCarsonleaveherjob？A．ShegotanawardB．ShepublishedSilentSpringC．TheSeaAroundUsbroughtherenoughmoneyD．TheUSgovernmenttooknoticeofherresearches3．WhyisthebookSilentSpringimportanttoAmerica'senvironmentalprotection？A．ItdescribesasilentspringB．IttoppedthebooksaleslistsC．ItchangeedhowAmericathoughtaboutnatureD．ItincludesallCarson'sresearchachievements4．Whatdoestheunderlineword"It"inParagraph3mean？A．ThebookSilentSpringB．ThewayAmericathoughtC．TheUSBureauofFisheriesD．America'sEnvironmentalProtectionAgency5．WhywasRachelCarsonawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom？A．ShepublishedthebooksilentspringB．ShedidalotofresearchesfortheUSBureauofFisheriesC．ShedonatedmuchmoneytotheRachelCarson

BookPrizeD．Shemadegreatcontributionstotheenvironmentalprotection．2、DearMum:TodayI’mgoingtotellyousomethingreallyspecial.Iknowyouworkveryhardandfeeltiredeveryday.Everytimeyoucomehomeandseethemessy(雜亂的)house.Iknowyouareveryangrywithme.Butyoualwayssaynothingandcleanupthehouse.Ialwayswanttohelpyou,butIhavesomuchhomeworktodo.AfterIfinishmyhomework,Ifeellikedying.Ireallywanttohelpyou,butI’msotiredtoo.Ialsowanttotellyouonething,Iloveyousomuch.IusuallytalkbacktoyouwhenyousaythatIdon’tstudyhardenough.ButinfactIjustwantyoutopraise（贊揚(yáng)）memore.Iwilltrymybesttogetgoodgradesandgetpraisefrommyteacher.Sodon’tfeelfrustrated（失望）aboutmygrades,OK?IhavemadeupmymindthatIwillstudyharderandhelpyoutocleanthehouse.Iamseriousthistime.IwillhavemyhomeworkdonefastersothatIcanhavemoreenergytocleanthehouse.IwillwatchTVlesssothatIcanhavemoretimetostudyandgetgoodgrades.Allthesethingsareforonereason:IwanttomakeyouhappyMum.Iloveyou!WithlotsofloveSally(

)1.WhyisSally’smotherangrywithSallywhenshecomesbackfromwork?A.Becauseshedoesn’tstudyhard.B.Becausesheisn’tgoodatEnglish.C.Becauseshedoesn’tcleanthehouse.D.Becauseshedoesn’tfinishherhomework.(

)2.WhatdoesSally’smotherthinkabouther?A.ShethinksSallyisverylazy.B.Shefeelsfrustratedabouther.C.ShethinksSallystudiesveryhard.D.ShethinksSallyisabadgirl.(

)3.WhatdoesSallywant?A.Enoughmoney

B.EnoughfreetimeC.Goodgradesandpraise

D.Enoughgoodfood.(

)4.WhydoesSallywanttodoherhomeworkfaster?A.BecauseshewillhaveenoughtimetowatchTV.B.Becausesheisinterestedindoinghomework.C.Becauseshehasmanyimportantthingstodo.D.Becauseshecanhavemoreenergytodosomecleaniginherhouse.(

)35.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?A.Sallyfeelsverytiredaftershefinishesherhomework.B.Sallylovehermotherdeeply.C.Sally’steacherfeelsfrustratedabouther.D.Shallywantstomakemotherhappy.3、PeoplecalltheWinterOlympicstheWhiteOlympics.Atthistime,theypublish(發(fā)行)manystampstomark(標(biāo)志)thegreatgames.ThefirststampscameoutonJanuary25th,1932intheUnitedStatesforthe3rdWhiteOlympics.Fromthenon(從那時(shí)起),publishingstampsduringtheWhiteOlympicsbecamearule.Duringthe4thWinterOlympics,peoplepublishedagroupofstampsinNovember1936.TheydrewfiveringsofOlympics.Itwasthefirsttimethattheringsappeared(出現(xiàn))onthestampsoftheWhiteOlympics.Inthe1950s，thestampsofthiskindbecamemorecolorful.WhentheWhiteOlympicscame,thehostcountriesaswellasnon-hostcountriespublishedstampstomarkthosegames.ChinaalsopublishedfourstampsinFebruary1980whentheChinesesportsmenbegantotakepartintheWhiteOlympics.InAsia,JapanwastheonlycountrytoholdtheWhiteOlympics.Theysold14,500millionstampsduringtheOlympics.Peopledrewdifferentkindsofsportsonthesesmallstamps,andtheyenjoyedthewonderfulsportsandsomeexcellentplayers.1.TheWhiteOlympicsandtheWinterOlympics____.A.arethesamething

B.aredifferentgamesC.arenotheldinwinter

D.areheldinsummer2.Theworldmadeitaruletopublishstampstomarkthegreatworldgames____.A.aftertheyear1936

B.afterthe3rdWhiteOlympicsC.beforethe3rdWhiteOlympics

D.beforetheyear19323.TheWinterOlympicsisheld(被舉行)once____.A.everytwoyears

B.everythreeyearsC.everyfouryears

D.everyfiveyears4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Onlythehostcountriescanpublishstampstomarkthosegames.B.Onlythenon-hostcountriescanpublishstampstomarkthosegames.C.Allthecountriescanpublishstampstomarkthosegames.D.Japancan’tpublishstampstomarkthosegames.5.Whatmayappear(出現(xiàn))onthestampsoftheWhiteOlympics?A.Basketball.

B.Tabletennis.

C.Football.

D.Skating.4、

TheUnitedStateshasmanydifferentkindsofclimates（氣候）.Onthenorthwestcoast（海岸）,thetemperaturechangesverylittlebetweensummerandwinter,butthenorthcentral（中部的）stateshaveaverydifferentkindofclimate.Inthosestates,peoplewearlightclothesinsummer,andtheyneedheavywoolenclothesinwinter.

Inthesouthwestcoast,theclimateisrainyandwarmduringthewinter,butthesummerisdryandhot.

InthenortheastoftheUnitedStates,summertemperaturesareverydifferentfromwintertemperatures.Summerisusuallyhot,andwinterisusuallycold.Springtemperaturesarewarm,andfalltemperaturesarecool.

Yearsago,peopleinthecoldpartsoftheUnitedStatesdidn’toftengetfresh（新鮮的）vegetablesandfreshfruitsduringthesummer.Today,however（然而），trucksandtrainscarryfruitsandvegetablesveryquicklytoallpartsoftheUnitedStates.Inthisway,Americans“sendtheirclimates”topeopleinotherstates.

1.Thesummerandwintertemperaturesarealmostthesame_________.

A.inthenortheasternstates

B.onthenorthcentralstates

C.inthewesternstates

D.onthenorthwestcoast

2.Theword“fall”inthispassagemeans________.

A.drop

B.down

C.autumn

D.spring

3.Todaypeople___________cangetfreshvegetablesandfruits.

A.inthenorthcentralstates

B.ineverypartoftheU.S.A.

C.inthecoldpartsoftheU.S.A.

D.inthesouthwestpartoftheU.S.A.

4.FromthispassageweknowthattheclimateoftheUnitedStates_________.

A.isalwaysverycold

B.iswarminwinter

C.iswidelydifferent

D.changesverylittlebetweensummerandwinter

5.FromParagraph2weknowthattheclimateofthesouthwestcoastis________.

A.Maritime（海洋性）climate

B.Savanna（熱帶草原）climate

C.Mediterranean（地中海）climate

D.Tropicalrainforest（熱帶雨林）climate5、Wheneverthesundroppedandtheblueskycameup,myfatherandIusedtoclimbthemountainnearmyhouse.Walkingtogether,myfatherandIusedtohavealotofconversationsthroughwhichIlearnedlessonsfromhisexperiences.Healwaystoldme,“Youshouldhavegoalslikeclimbingthemountain.”Withoutthemountain-climbingthatwebothenjoyed.Wecouldn’thaveenoughtimetospendtogetherbecausemyfatherwasverybusy.Ireallygotalotfrommountain-climbing.Itgavemetimetotalkwithmyfatherandtobeindeepthoughtaswellasdevelopmypatience(耐力).Onceweclimbedaveryhighmountain.ItwassochallengingformebecauseIwasonlytenyearsold.Duringthefirstfewhoursofclimbing.Ienjoyedtheflowersandtrees,andthebirds’singing,butastimepassed,Igotapaininbothofmylegs.Iwantedtoquitclimbing.Infact,Ihateditatthatmountain,butmyfathersaidtome,“Youcanalwaysseeabeautifulskyatthetopofthemountain,butyoucan’tseeitbeforeyoureachthetop.Onlythereatthetop,canyouseeallofthenicethings,justlikeinlife.”Atthattime,Iwastooyoungtounderstandhiswords.Butlaterafterthat,Igotnewhopeandconfidence.Ifoundmyselfstandingatthetopofthesky,whichwasasclearascrystal(水晶).1.Thepassagetellsusthatmountain-climbingwas_____forFatherandSon.A.hard

B.enjoyable

C.painful

D.comfortable2.Theword“quit”inthepassagemeans“______”.A.carryon

B.putoffC.giveupD.pickup3.Whichofthefollowingistheclosest(最接近的)inmeaningtothefather’swordsinthesecondparagraph?A.Youwillgetallyouneedatthetopofthemountain.B.Theskyisalwaysasclearascrystal.C.Youcanfindlifeisfullofnicethings.D.Nevergiveuphalf-way.4.Wecaninfer(推斷)fromthelastparagraphthat______.A.thewriterwasverysuccessfulinhislifeB.thewriterreachedthetopofthemountainC.thoughthewriterwasyoung,hecouldunderstandhisfatherD.thewriterusedtostophalf-waywhenheclimbedthemountain5.Thebesttitle(題目)forthepassageis“______”.A.ReachingtheTopoftheMountainB.StandingattheTopoftheMountainC.ConversationsbetweenFatherandSonD.HowtoGettotheTopoftheMountain6、Kate:Ilikerunningverymuch.It’sgoodexercise.Myparentsbothlikerunning,too.Weusuallygetupearlyinthemorningandruntogether.Itisgoodforone'slegs,heartandlungs.Ithelpsonetohaveastrongbody.Mumsays

thatsheshouldthankrunningbecauseithelpshertogetthinner.Runningisfun.Itcanmakeonehappy.Therearemanydifferentwaysforonetorun.Onecanruninaschoolorinapark.Onecanjoinarunningclubtorunandmakenewfriends,too.ChenFeng:Ilikeballgames,likefoot-ball,basketballandtennis.Andbasketballismyfavorite.IoftenplaybasketballwithmyfriendsonSundaymorningswhenwearefreeandtheweatherisnice.Ijoinedmyschoolteamlastyear.AndIcanplayitverywellnow.ThereisgoingtobeabasketballgamebetweenNo.1MiddleSchoolandourschoolinourschoolnextSaturday.Manystudentsaregoingtocheeruson.Ourteachersaysthatshewillbuysomepresentsforusifwewin.Ihopewecanwinthegame.(

)1.Kateandhisparentsusually______togetherinthemorning.

A.leavehome

B.run

C.playgames

D.havebreakfast(

)2.Kate'smotherthinksthat________.

A.runningiscool

B.Katedislikesrunning

C.runningisaspopularasswimming

D.runningmakeshergetthinner(

)3.ChenFeng_______.

A.likesfootballbest

B.hopestowinthefootballgame

C.isamemberoftheschoolbasketballteam

D.playsbasketballwithhisfriendsonthemorningsofweekends(

)4.ChenFeng'steacherisgoingto_______ifChenFeng'steamwinsthegame.

A.tellthemastory

B.buysomepresentsforthem

C.singasongforthem

D.cookdeliciousfoodforthem(

)5.BothChenFengandKate_______.

A.likesports

B.wanttomakenewfriends

C.likeballgames

D.aremiddleschoolteachers7、WelcometoLondon!Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutthiswonderfulcity.London,thecapitaloftheUnitedKingdom,isthebiggestcityinWesternEuropewithover7millionpeople.ItsitsbytheRiverThames.Londonhasahistoryofmorethan2000years.Becauseallovertheworldarefamiliarwiththecity'sreddoubledecker(雙層的)busesandblacktaxis.PeopleTheBritishEmpireusedtorulearoundtheworld,somanypeoplefromaroundtheworldmovedtoLondon.Theyhavebroughtwiththemtheirownlanguagesandcultures.Morethan300differentlanguagesarespokeninLondon.CultureLondonisknownforitsmuseums.OneimportantmuseumisBritishMuseum.Itistheoldestpublicmuseumintheworld.TherearetwomainartmuseumsinLondon:theNationalGalleryandtheTateGallery.Besides,Londonisalsohometoarts,suchastheatreandmusic.TheGlobeTheatre,whichwaspopularinthelate16thand17thcenturies,wasopenedforperformancesofWilliamShakespeare'scentralLondon.TouristattractionsLondonhasmanywonderfulplacestovisit.Forexample,thewellknownClockTower,a320foothightower,wascalledtheBigBen.AnotherfamousLondonbuildingisBuckinghamPalace.Themembersofroyal(皇家的)familyofEnglandlivethere.Besides,HydeParkisthelargestopenareaincentralLondon.(

)1.What'sthepopulationofLondon?A.Lessthan7million.

B.Only7million.C.Morethan7million.

D.Nearly7million.(

)2.HowmanymuseumsarethereinLondonaccordingtothepassage?A.two

B.three

C.four

D.five(

)3.ThemembersofroyalfamilyofEnglandlivein________.A.theBigBen

B.BuckinghamPalaceC.HydePark

D.BritishMuseum(

)4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned(提及)inthepassage?A.TheLocationofLondon.B.ThehistoryofLondon.C.TheinterestingplacesinLondon.D.ThefoodinLondon.(

)5.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat________.A.morethan300differentlanguagesarespokeninLondonB.theGlobeTheatrehaslessthan300years'historyC.theBigBenisa320foothighclockD.LondonisthebiggestcityinEurope8、Canyouimagineapairofshoesthatcouldtiethemselves?Allyouwouldhavetodoistoputthemonandpushabutton(按鈕).Well,thisideaisbecomingarealreality.TheshoecompanyNikecreatedtheself-tyingshoe!ThisideafirstcamefromthemovieBacktotheFutureⅡ,andNikehasbeenworkingforyearstocreate(創(chuàng)造)ashoethatcandothisinreallife.TheyhavefinallydoneitwithNikeHyperAdapt1.0.Sohowdotheywork?AccordingtoNike,theshoeis“poweredbyanunderfoot-lacingmechanism(腳下系帶裝置)”.Thisiskindoflikeasmallmotor(發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī))thathasthepowertolacetheshoes.Allthewearerhastodoistoputthemon,andatfirst,theshoesareveryloose(松的).Butthenyoucanpushthe“+”button,andtheshoeswilltightentobetheperfectfitforthewearer.Totakethemoff,allyouhavetodoistopushthe“-”button,andtheshoeswillbeeasilyoff.Theyhaven’tbeenreleasedtothepublicyet,andthecostoftheshoesisstillunknown.Butyoumightbeabletogetapairofyourownclosertotheholidayseasonthisyear.1.Thebesttitletodescribethemainideaofthepassageis“”.A.ShoesofthefuturearecomingthemselvesB.Shoesofthefuturearenowareality

C.TheshoecompanyNikeanditsmovieD.Shoesandmoviesaredoingtheirwork2.WhendidtheshoecompanyNikestartcreatingtheself-tyingshoe?A.Notuntiltheimaginationcameintobeing.

B.SoonaftertheshoecompanyNikewasfound.C.AfterthemovieBacktotheFutureⅡwasshown.D.BeforethemovieBacktotheFutureⅡwasshown.3.Whatmakestheself-tyingshoework?A.Anunderfoot-lacingmechanism.B.ThepowerfromNike.C.NikeHyperAdapt1.0.

D.Settingasmallbuttonwithamotor.4.Thefirstthingforthewearertodoafterputtingtheshoesonisto.A.makethemloose

B.maketheperfectfitC.pushthe“-”button

D.pushthe“+”button9、Withoutproperplanning,tourism(旅游業(yè)）cancauseproblems.Forexample,toomanytouristscancrowdpublicplacesthatarealsoenjoyedbythelocalpeopleofacountry.Iftouristscreatetoomuchtraffic,thelocalpeoplebecomeunhappy.Theybegintodisliketouristsandtotreatthemimpolitely.Theyforgethowmuchtourismcanhelpthecountry’seconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì)).Itisimportanttothinkaboutthepeopleofadestinationcountryandhowtourismaff