英語閱讀理解（科普環(huán)保）練習(xí)題含答案一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類.犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Ateamofinternationalscientistsisduetosetofffortheworld'sbiggesticeberginamissionaimingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsabouttheimpactofclimatechangeinthepolarregions.Thescientists,ledbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS),aretryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.Lastyear,partoftheLarsenCiceshelfcalved(崩解)away,formingahugeiceberg-A68—whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon,andrevealinglifebeneathforthefirsttime.Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.MarinebiologistDrKatrinLinsefromtheBASisleadingthemission."ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelifeasitrespondstoahugeenvironmentchange,"shesaid."Itisimportantthatwegettherequicklybeforetheunderseaenvironmentchangesassunlightentersthewater."ProfessorDavidVaughan,sciencedirectorattheBAs,said,"Weneedtobebold(大膽的)onthisone.LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere'slotsofseaiceinthearea,butthisisimportantscience,sowewilltryourbesttogettheteamwheretheyneedtobe.HesaidclimatechangehadalreadyaffectedtheseaaroundAntarcticaandiswarmingsomecoastalwaters."Futurewarmingmaymakesomehabitatswarm.Wherethesehabitatssupportuniquespeciesthatareadaptedtolovethecoldandnotthewarm,thosespeciesaregoingtoeithermoveordie."ThereisgrowingconcernaboutthepossibleimpactofclimatechangeintheAntarctic.Earlierthismonth,areportrevealedthatmeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaarespeedingupthealreadyfastpaceofthesealevelrise.Theresearch,publishedbytheNationalAcademiesofScience,EngineeringandMedicine,said,"Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanwillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury."However,itfoundthattheprocessisaccelerating,andmorethanthreequartersoftheaccelerationsince1993isduetomeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica,thestudyshows.Whyarethescientistseagertogototheiceberg?Tostudyhowtheicebergwasformed.Tostudyanewlydiscoveredecosystem.Toexploreanewwaytopreventclimatechange.ToexplorethegeographyoftheLarsenCiceshelf.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"thisone"inthefourthparagraphreferto?TheLarsenCiceshelf.ClimatechangeinAntarctica.TheA68icebergwiththeecosystembeneathit.TheconditionofanimalspeciesinAntarctica.WhatcanwelearnabouttheA68icebergfromthetext?ItisasbigasLondon.ItispartofaniceshelfintheArctic.Itwilldisappearinaveryshorttime.IthasuncoveredanunknownecosysteminAntarctica.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?ThereisnoneedtoworryaboutclimatechangeinAntarctica.TheicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaaremeltingatasteadyrate.Manycreatureslivingindeepwaterwilldieoutduetoclimatechange.By2100,thesealevelwillhaverisentoamuchhigherlevelthannow.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，南極地區(qū)的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68iceberg。冰山下面顯現(xiàn)的新的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為科學(xué)家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的機(jī)會(huì)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.”可知，科學(xué)家著急趕去世界最大的冰山是為了在其受到光照影響之前研究這座冰山下面的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的"ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelife...”可知A68冰山的形成為科學(xué)家提供了研究海洋生物的獨(dú)一無二的機(jī)會(huì)，所以ProfessorDavidVaughan認(rèn)為科學(xué)家要果敢地抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)，故thisone指的是A68冰山和它下面的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"toreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.”到達(dá)一個(gè)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的在拉森冰架下面隱藏了12萬年的的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，可知選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"...Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanswillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”按目前的速度，世界的海洋到本世紀(jì)末平均至少升高60厘米，選D?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)境類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。.犇犇閱讀理解IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica-andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroyster,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin-thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeckaUniversityofGeorgiaengineeringprofessor,caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimatebetween5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的)animalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplas-tics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross."Thisisn'taproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis,"saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage."Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle."It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinparagraph1?Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.What'sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?A.Lackingprotection. B.Beingstuckbyplastics.C.Beingcaughtbyhumans. D.Treatingplasticsasfood.WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutionofplasticswaste.Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook. B.Atravelbrochure.C.Anenvironmentalreport. D.Alifestylemagazine.【答案】(1)D(2)B(3)C(4)C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了塑料垃圾給海洋以及海洋生物帶來的危害。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.”他們的塑料廢物很可能在四百年后仍會(huì)存在，可知作者提到thePilgrims是為了說明塑料廢物對海洋有持久的影響，故選D。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.”一些明顯受到傷害，被塑料制成的廢棄物品卡住了?？赡苡懈嗟娜耸艿綗o形的傷害?？芍xB。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.”他說最好在海洋變成塑料湯之前建立一個(gè)必要的機(jī)構(gòu)和制度的問題，可推知選C。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本題介紹了塑料垃圾給海洋以及海洋生物帶來的危害。是一篇環(huán)境保護(hù)類閱讀，因此選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。.犇犇閱讀理解"Actingistheleastmysteriousofallcrafts,"MarionBrandooncesaid.Butforscientists,workingoutwhatisgoingoninanactor'sheadhasalwaysbeensomethingofapuzzle.Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.DrStevenBrown,fromMcMasterUniversityinCanada,said,"Itlookslikewhenyouareacting,youaresuppressing（壓制）yourself;almostlikethecharacterispossessingyou."Brownandcolleaguesreporthow15actors,mainlytheatrestudents,weretrainedtotakeonaShakespearerole—eitherRomeoorJuliet—inatheatreworkshop.Theyweretheninvitedintothelaboratory,wheretheirbrainswerescannedinaseriesofexperiments.OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:wouldtheygototheparty?Andwouldtheytelltheirparentsthattheyhadfalleninlove?Eachactorwasaskedtorespondtodifferentquestions,basedontwodifferentpremises前提）.Inone,theywereaskedfortheirownperspective,whileintheother,theywereaskedtorespondasthoughtheywereeitherRomeoorJuliet.Theresultsrevealedthatthebrainactivitydiffereddependingonthesituationbeingtested.Theteamfoundthatwhentheactorswereincharacter,theyusesomethird-personknowledgeorinferencesabouttheircharacter.Theteamsaidtheyalsofoundadditionalreductioninactivityintworegionsoftheprefrontalcortex（前額皮質(zhì)）linkedtothesenseofself,comparedwithwhentheactorswererespondingasthemselves.However,PhilipDavis,aprofessorattheUniversityofLiverpool,wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethan"pretending"tobesomeone—itinvolvesembodying（體現(xiàn)）thetextandlanguage.HowdidDrBrown'steamconducttheirresearch?Byscanningthebrainactivityofsomeactors.Bydoingasurveywithsometheatregoers.Byinterviewingsometheatreteachers.Byconsultingsomeexperiencedresearchers.WhatisthefindingofDrBrown'sresearch?Actingisnotasmysteriousaspeoplethink.Actors'brainactivitydifferswhentheyareacting.Actingisfarmorethanpretendingtobethecharacter.Actors'brainactivityismoreactivewhentheyareincharacter.HowdidPhilipDavisreacttotheresearch?A.Hesupportedit.B.Hedoubtedit.C.Heexplainedit.D.Headvocatedit.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Adebateofhowthebrainfunctions.AplaywrittenbyShakespeare.Aresearchonthebrainactivityofactors.Areportofthecooperationofscientistsandactors.【答案】（1）AB（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)對于演員大腦活動(dòng)的研究?，F(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動(dòng)模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的"OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:wouldtheygototheparty?”一旦進(jìn)入核磁共振掃描儀，演員們被要求回答一系列問題，比如:他們會(huì)去參加派對嗎？由此推斷出Brown博士的團(tuán)隊(duì)是通過掃描一些演員的大腦活動(dòng)進(jìn)行他們的研究的，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的"Theresultsrevealedthatthebrainactivitydiffereddependingonthesituationbeingtested.Theteamfoundthatwhentheactorswereincharacter,theyusesomethird-personknowledgeorinferencesabouttheircharacter.'結(jié)果顯示，大腦活動(dòng)的不同取決于所測試的情境。研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)演員在扮演角色時(shí)，他們會(huì)使用一些第三人稱知識或?qū)巧耐茢?。由此可知Brown博士的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，演員在表演時(shí)大腦活動(dòng)是不同的，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"However,PhilipDavis,aprofessorattheUniversityofLiverpool,wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethan/pretending,tobesomeone—itinvolvesembodying（體現(xiàn)）thetextandlanguage.”然而，利物浦大學(xué)教授PhilipDavis對這項(xiàng)研究并不以為然。他說，表演不僅僅是“假裝”成某個(gè)人，它還包括文本和語言的體現(xiàn)。由此推斷出PhilipDavis對這項(xiàng)研究持懷疑態(tài)度，故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。第—二段中的^/Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.”現(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動(dòng)模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色，是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)對于演員大腦活動(dòng)的研究，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。.犇犇閱讀理解Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor（流星）thatfelltotheearthlastyear.TheobjectswerediscoveredoffthecoastoftheUnitedStatesinthePacificOcean.ThecrewoftheNautilus,aprivateresearchship,recoveredtherockparticles(顆粒).TheNautilusisoperatedbytheOceanExplorationTrust.Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.ThesearchwaslaunchedafterUSgovernmentweatherstationsobservedalargemeteoriteexplodingsomemonthsago.Theexplosionlituptheskyandsenttherockparticlestotheearth.ThemeteoritefallwasthelargestrecordedovertheUnitedStatesinatleast20years.TheteamincludesscientistsfromNASA,theOlympicCoastNationalMarineSanctuaryandtheUniversityofWashington.Thescientistsexaminedwhattheybelieveweretwosmallmeteoritefragments.Furthertestingisneededbeforetheycanconfirmthatthematerialcamefromtheexplosion.TheNautilusisequippedwithtworemotelyoperatedvehicles(ROVs),calledHerculesandArgus.Theseroboticsubmarineshelpresearchersfindandcollectmaterialsfromtheseafloor.Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.Forthisreason,scientistsdecidedtolaunchthefirstintentionalsearchformeteoritesfromtheocean.Untilthelatestresearch,scientistshadonlyaccidentallydiscoveredasmallnumberofmeteoritesfromdrillingoperations.Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.First,meteoriteparticlesarebasicallymadeofglassymaterialsthatdonottendtolastlonginseawater.Secondly,theycamefromwhatlookedlikeasmallholeontheseafloor.Someevidenceshowsthattheycamefromsomethingthatfell.WhatisthecurrentgoalofthecrewoftheOceanExplorationTrust?A.Torecovertherockparticles. B.Toobservemovementsoftheuniverse.C.Tostudyunexploredplacesoftheocean.D.Toexaminecreaturesoftheexploredocean.Whatmainlycausedthestartofthesearchinthesea?A.Ahugemeteorshower. B.Businessvalueofmeteors.C.Plentyofnaturalresources. D.Thebrainstormofresearchers.Whydothescientistsprefertosearchformeteorsintheocean?A.Theycanfindmeteorsmoreeasily. B. Theymayfindbiggerrockparticles.C.Theyliketoexplorestrangeseaareas. D. Theyhavebettersubmarineequipment.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Offercluesforthesearch. B. Givereasonstosupportaguess.C.Stresstheimportanceoftheevent. D. Describetheprocessofthesearch.【答案】(1)C(2)A(3)B(4)B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們認(rèn)為是去年墜落地球的流星碎片。這些物體是在美國太平洋沿岸發(fā)現(xiàn)的。一場巨大的流星雨導(dǎo)致了在海中搜索的開始?？茖W(xué)家更喜歡在海洋中尋找流星是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡軙?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更大的巖石顆粒。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thegroupsaysitsaimatpresentistoexamineareasoftheoceanthathaveneverbeenexploredbefore.”可知，theOceanExplorationTrust的船員目前的目標(biāo)是研究海洋中未被探索的地方。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Scientistshavefoundwhattheybelievearepiecesofameteor（流星）thatfelltotheearthlastyear.”可知，一場巨大的流星雨導(dǎo)致了在海中搜索的開始。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的"Thefactthattheparticleslandedintheocean,insteadofonland,meanslargerpiecesmayhavesurvivedandcanbestudied.”可知，科學(xué)家更喜歡在海洋中尋找流星是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡軙?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)更大的巖石顆粒。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Theobjectsrecoveredfromthebottomofthesealikelycamefromtherecentexplosionfortwomainreasons.”可知，作者在最后一段是想給出支持猜測的理由。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。.犇犇閱讀理解Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside.Youwereoftencold,wet,slipontheice,andyou'darrivehometoanice-coldhouse.Andthatwouldmeanturningontheheatingandwaiting.It'samiracleyoudidn'tgetcoldtothebone.Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems.Itmeansdealingwithwinterneedn'tbelikeskatingonthinice.Withasmartthermostat（溫度自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)器）,ourhomescanbewarmwhenweneedthemtobe.Manymodelsfeaturesmartphoneappsthatallowyoutocontroltemperatureremotely,sowecanwarmupthehousebeforewearrivehome.Accordingto,Tado'smodelfeaturesvoicecontrol,whiletheNest'leans'yourhabitsandautomaticallyheatsthehomeforyou.Clotheshavebeengivenanupgrade,too.Electronicthermaljackets,sweatersandcoatsheatupwhenyouturnthemon.Whatbetterwaytokeepwarminthedeadofwinter?Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside.Manymodelsofferthreelevelsofheatingwhichstaywarmforover12hours..Finally,thereistheclothingforthehead,beaniesandEarmuff,thatfeaturespeakersincludedinthefabricusingBluetoothtechnologysowecanlistentoourfavouritemusicor,insomecases,haveaphonecallusingthein-builtmicrophone.Allwhilekeepingtheheadwarmandavoidingacold.Formany,thethoughtofwinterusedtobeenoughtomaketheirbloodruncold.Butusingtechnology,lifeneedn'tfreezeup.Withtherightsolutions,there'snoreasonwhywintercan'tbereally,reallycool.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"bundleup"meaninPara.1?A.Fixanairconditioner.B.Takeahotbath.C.Runalot.D.Putonmoreclothes.Howdoeselectronicthermalclothingwork?Theequipmentplacedinsidetheclothingproducesheat.Itneedstobewarnedupbeforebeingused.Thethermostatheatupautomaticallywhenthetemperatureislow.Itkeepswarmforover12hoursafterbeingchargedfoxanhour.Fromthepassage,wecanleanthefollowingstatementsEXCEPTthat.Tado'smodelcanbecontrolledbysayingsomethingtoitwiththein-builtspeakerandmicrophone,BeaniesandEarmuffsuserscanhaveaphonecalltechnologycandonothingtomakewinterlessroughBluetoothtechnologyisusedintheclothingfortheheadWhat'sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.ASmartThermostat B.AModernwinterC.Waysofkeepingwarm D.Anunpleasantwinter【答案】(1)D(2)A(3)C(4)B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，在科技并不發(fā)達(dá)的過去，人們可能會(huì)為如何在嚴(yán)寒天氣里更好地保暖而倍感困擾?，F(xiàn)如今，每到嚴(yán)冬時(shí)節(jié)，雖然溫度驟降、天氣惡劣，但隨著各類智能保暖產(chǎn)品的問世，冬天也能變得舒適宜人。人們憑借科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)明了各式各樣的防寒方法。比如，用智能電子設(shè)備調(diào)節(jié)屋內(nèi)和衣物的溫度；使用無線科技制造會(huì)自動(dòng)發(fā)熱的服飾。(1)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的"Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside."可知，在我的記憶中，冬天總是很不令人愉快。你外出時(shí)必須穿得暖和一點(diǎn)。所以通過'keepwarm”可知，外出時(shí)要想暖和一些，就要多穿衣服。故判斷出第1段中帶下劃線的單詞“bundleup”是多穿點(diǎn)衣服。故選D。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside."可知，只要按下按鈕，或者通過手機(jī)上的應(yīng)用程序，安裝在衣服內(nèi)部的電子元件就會(huì)產(chǎn)生熱量。所以電子保暖服裝工作的原理是安裝在衣服內(nèi)部的電子元件產(chǎn)生熱量。故選A。(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems”可知，幸運(yùn)的是，事情不需要再這么有挑戰(zhàn)性了。先進(jìn)的技術(shù)、引擎環(huán)和設(shè)計(jì)為我們提供了解決老問題的新方法。所以C選項(xiàng)“科技無法讓冬天變得不那么難熬”不符合短文說明的內(nèi)容。故選C。(4)考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，在科技并不發(fā)達(dá)的過去，人們可能會(huì)為如何在嚴(yán)寒天氣里更好地保暖而倍感困擾?，F(xiàn)如今，每到嚴(yán)冬時(shí)節(jié)，雖然溫度驟降、天氣惡劣，但隨著各類智能保暖產(chǎn)品的問世，冬天也能變得舒適宜人。人們憑借科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)明了各式各樣的防寒方法。比如，用智能電子設(shè)備調(diào)節(jié)屋內(nèi)和衣物的溫度；使用無線科技制造會(huì)自動(dòng)發(fā)熱的服飾。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“讓現(xiàn)代科技溫暖你的冬日”。故B選項(xiàng)“讓現(xiàn)代科技溫暖你的冬日”符合題意。故選B。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱

讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。.犇犇閱讀理解Environmentalexpertswarnthatourplanetisdrowninginplastic.Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.Now,thatmaybechanging.Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.Thisshoppingmodel,calledLoop,aimstoreplacethrowawaycontainerswithreusableones.LoopistheideaofTerraCycle,anAmerican-basedrecyclingcompany.Itschief,TomSzakytoldtheAssociatedPress(AP)that"removingplasticsfromtheoceanisnotenough."Hesaidthepointistogetawayfromsingle-usepackages.SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.JenniferMorganfromtheenvironmentalnon-profitorganizationGreenpeacealsojoinedinthediscussionaboutLoopatDavos.Shesaidthat"GreenpeacewelcomestheaimoftheLoopAlliancetomoveawayfromthrowawaycultureanddisposability."ButMorganquestionedwhethercompaniesworldwidearereadytochangetheirbusinessmodels.LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternU.S.states,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheU.S.WestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2020.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?A.Providebackgroundinformation. B.Advocatezero-wastelifestyle.C.Explainthereasonfortrash. D.Introduceanewtopic.Wheredoestheidea"Loop"comefrom?A.TheWorldEconomicForum. B.Demandofsomecompanies.C.Zero-wastemodel. D.Themilkmanmodel.WhichcountriesisLoopexpectedtoexpandtoby2020?A.UnitedStatesandSwitzerland.C.CanadaandBritain.A.UnitedStatesandSwitzerland.C.CanadaandBritain.(4)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Anewshoppingmodel.C.Theworld'senvironmentalissue.【答案】(1)A(2)CSwitzerlandandBritain.D.FranceandCanada.B.Thedevelopmentoffuturecity.D.Theconcernsoffutureshopping.D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹美國一家公司推出一種新的“零浪費(fèi)”購物模式。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段“Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic."可知，世界上的城市每年產(chǎn)生大量的垃圾，并且其中最大的垃圾量是塑料，結(jié)合下文可知，作者寫本段目的是為下文提出新的購物模式提供背景信息。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.”和第五段"Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.”可知，Loop購物模式的想法來自于過去"送奶工模式”，是一種可以杜絕零浪費(fèi)的模式。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段“LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternU.S.states,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheU.S.WestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2020.”可知，Loop計(jì)劃在2020年前將業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)大到加拿大和法國。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.”及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹美國一家公司推出一種新的“零浪費(fèi)”購物模式。故選A。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解In1953,amountainclimberreportedseeingabar-headedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest（珠穆朗瑪）.Itwasthoughtimpossible.Nowresearcherswhoraised19ofthegeese—namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads-haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh.Theteamtrainedtheyoungsterstoflyinalargewindtunnelwearingbackpacksandfacemasksfullofsensorsthatrecordedtheirheartrate.bloodoxygenlevels,temperature,andmetabolicrate—howmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.Theresearcherssimulated（模擬）10w-,medium-,andhigh-altitudeconditionsbyalteringtheconcentrationofoxygensuppliedtofacemaskswornbyeachgooseasitflewinthetunnel.Birdsalreadyhaveabetterheartandlungsthanmammalsforsustainedphysicalactivity.Andresearchersknewthatbar-headedgeesehaveevenlarger,thinnerlungsthatletthembreathemoredeeplyandanevenbiggerhearttopumpmoreoxygentomusclesthanotherbirds.Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygenwasatitslowest-likethe7%foundontopofMountEverestversus21%atsealevel—thegeese'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesameevenastheirmetabolicratedropped.Somehow,thebirdsmanagedtocooldowntheirblood-themeasuredbloodtemperaturedroppedsoitcouldtakeinmoreoxygen,theresearchersreporttodayineLifHhiscoolinglikelyhelpscompensatefortheverythinair,theteamsays.Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostayintheairafewminutes-orlesswhenwearingtheirbackpacksandflyingat6ihigh"altitudes.Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest.ButthosefewminutesshowedthesegeesereallycouldflyoverthetopofMountEverest.Whydidtheresearchersraise19bar-headedgeeseandtrainthem?Totesttheflyingheightandspeedofthem.ToconfirmtheycouldflyoverMountEverest.Toobservethemflyingthroughthewindtunnel.Toseehowmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.Whatcanwelearnfromthewindtunnelexperiment?Itwascarriedoutatveryhighaltitude.Thegeesemanagedtobreathelesswhentheirblooddecreased.Thegeesecouldlivethroughthelowestconcentrationofoxygen.Itshowsthegeesecouldflyathighaltitudeforlong.Whatstillpuzzlesscientistsaboutthegeese?Whethertheyhavesuperheartsandlungs.Whethertheyhavemusclespumpedmoreoxygento.Whethertheyarewillingtowearbackpacksandfacemasks.Whethertheycanmanagetofly8hourstoclimboverMountEverest.Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?A.Asciencefiction.B.Aclimbingguide.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Asciencereport.【答案】(1)B(2)C(3)D(4)D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，登山者報(bào)告說看到一只長頸鵝翱翔在珠穆朗瑪峰的頂峰，為了確認(rèn)其真實(shí)性，研究人員養(yǎng)了18只這種鵝，在大型風(fēng)洞中訓(xùn)練它們飛行。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)這種鵝可以在氧氣極低的情況下飛行，但停留時(shí)間只有幾分鐘，因此能否飛過珠峰尚不明確。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"In1953,amountainclimberreportedseeingabarheadedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest.Itwasthoughtimpossible."報(bào)道說，一名登山者看到一只斑頭鵝飛過珠穆朗瑪峰。人們認(rèn)為這是不可能的；以及'Nowresearcherswhoraised19ofthegeese-namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads-haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh.“現(xiàn)在研究人員飼養(yǎng)了這種鵝，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些鵝真的飛得很高。再根據(jù)最后一段中的"Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest.ButthosefewminutesshowedthesegeesereallycouldflyoverthetopofMountEverest."但是否能讓這種鵝飛8小時(shí)爬上珠穆朗瑪峰尚不清楚。由此可推斷出研究人員飼養(yǎng)這種鵝是為了證實(shí)這種鵝是否能飛過珠峰。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的"Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygen...thegeese'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesameevenastheirmetabolicratedropped....theresearchersreporttodayinelife.Thiscoolinglikelyhelpscomp”可知風(fēng)洞實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，當(dāng)氧氣濃度最低時(shí)，鵝的心率和翅膀搏動(dòng)頻率保持不變，即使它們的新陳代謝率下降。研究人員今天在《伊利費(fèi)》雜志上報(bào)道說，…這種降溫可能有助于補(bǔ)償空氣的稀??；第五段中的"Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostayintheairafewminutes-orless..."盡管訓(xùn)練有素，但這些鳥只愿意在空中呆上幾分鐘。這兩處綜合推斷出，鵝可以在最低濃度的氧氣中生存。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hours