精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)專心---專注---專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)八年級課程練習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)上冊目錄第十一章全等三角形···········································································1§11.1全等三角形·········································································1§11.2三角形全等的判定（1）（2）························································3§11.2三角形全等的判定（3）（4）························································5§11.2三角形全等的判定（5）（6）························································9§11.3角的平分線的性質(zhì)（1）（2）·······················································13第十二章軸對稱················································································17§12.1軸對稱（1）（2）（3）·······························································17§12.2作軸對稱圖形····································································23§12.2.1作軸對稱圖形（1）（2）·························································§12.2.2用坐標(biāo)表示軸對稱·····························································§12.3等腰三角形·······································································29§12.3.1等腰三角形（1）（2）（3）·································§12.3.2等邊三角形（1）（2）···················································第十三章實(shí)數(shù)··················································································39§13.1平方根（1）（2）（3）································································39§13.2立方根（1）（2）·····································································45§13.3實(shí)數(shù)（1）（2）·······································································49第十四章一次函數(shù)··············································································53§14.1變量與函數(shù)·········································································53§14.1.1變量············································································§14.1.2函數(shù)（1）（2）·····································································§14.1.3函數(shù)的圖象（1）（2）····························································§14.2一次函數(shù)··········································································61§14.2.1正比例函數(shù)····································································§14.2.2一次函數(shù)（1）（2）·······························································§14.2.2一次函數(shù)（3）（4）·······························································§14.3用函數(shù)觀點(diǎn)看方程（組）與不等式··············································71§14.3.1一次函數(shù)與一元一次方程·····························§14.3.2一次函數(shù)與一元一次不等式················································§14.3.3一次函數(shù)與二元一次方程（組）·············································§14.4課題學(xué)習(xí)（1）（2）··································································77第十五章整式的乘除與因式分解······························································79§15.1整式的乘法·········································································79§15.1.1同底數(shù)冪的乘法································································§15.1.2冪的乘方·········································································§15.1.3積的乘方····························································§15.1.4整式的乘法·························································§15.2乘法公式··········································································87§15.2.1平方差公式·····································································§15.2.2完全平方公式······················································§15.3整式的除法·········································································91§15.3.1同底數(shù)冪的除法································································§15.3.2整式的除法·························································§15.4因式分解··········································································95§15.4.1提公因式法·························································§15.4.2公式法（1）（2）·····························第十一章全等三角形達(dá)標(biāo)檢測（A）·······················································101第十一章全等三角形達(dá)標(biāo)檢測（B）·······················································103第十二章軸對稱達(dá)標(biāo)檢測（A）······························································105第十二章軸對稱達(dá)標(biāo)檢測（B）······························································107第十三章實(shí)數(shù)達(dá)標(biāo)檢測（A）································································109第十三章實(shí)數(shù)達(dá)標(biāo)檢測（B）································································111第十四章一次函數(shù)達(dá)標(biāo)檢測（A）··························································113第十四章一次函數(shù)達(dá)標(biāo)檢測（B）··························································115第十五章整式的乘除與因式分解達(dá)標(biāo)檢測（A）·········································119第十五章整式的乘除與因式分解達(dá)標(biāo)檢測（B）·········································121期中檢測試題···················································································125期末檢測試題···················································································133第十一章全等三角形§11.1全等三角形一、選擇題1.下列說法：①全等三角形的周長相等；②全等三角形的面積相等；③周長相等的兩個(gè)三角形全等；④全等三角形的對應(yīng)邊相等.其中正確的有（）.ABCDE（第2題）A.1個(gè)B.2個(gè)ABCDE（第2題）2.如圖，△≌△，和、和是對應(yīng)點(diǎn)，如果=4cm,=6cm,=5cm,那么的長是（）.A.5cmB.6cmC.43.如果△≌△，那么對應(yīng)角,書寫正確的是（）.A.∠=∠，B.∠=∠，C.∠=∠，D.∠=∠，（第4題）ABDC4.如圖，△≌△，∠=（第4題）ABDC中錯(cuò)誤的是（）.A.∥B.∥C.=D.=二、填空題5.能夠的兩個(gè)圖形，叫全等形，能夠的兩個(gè)三角形，叫做全等三角形，叫做對應(yīng)頂點(diǎn)，叫做對應(yīng)邊，叫做對應(yīng)角.6.一個(gè)圖形經(jīng)過、、后，位置變化了，但、都沒有變化，所以變換前后的兩個(gè)圖形全等.7.已知：△≌△，則對應(yīng)角有（第8題）ABC（第8題）ABCDEF8.如圖，將長方形沿折疊，使點(diǎn)落在邊的點(diǎn)處，如果∠=60°，則=.三、解答題9.如圖，若把△沿直線翻折得到△，，比長多少？為什么？AABCO（第9題）10.如圖，△△，∠=∠，°，（第10題）ABCEDO∠.（第10題）ABCEDO（第11題）ABCEF11.如圖，已知：點(diǎn)、在上，△（第11題）ABCEF點(diǎn)和點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)和點(diǎn)是對應(yīng)頂點(diǎn)，找出圖中所有的相等線段和相等的角.（第12題）ABCDEF12.如圖，已知△≌△，與、（第12題）ABCDEF§11.2三角形全等的判定（1）（第1（第1題）ABDEC1.如圖，已知：，則可推出（）.A.△≌△B.△≌△C.△≌△D.△≌△ACDEFB（第2題）2ACDEFB（第2題）則下列結(jié)論不正確的是（）.A.B.∥C.∥D.二、填空題ABCDP（第4題）3.在△和△中，已知：，再添上條件就可以用“”來判斷△≌△ABCDP（第4題）4.如圖，在△中，，連結(jié)并延長交于，則△≌，∠=.三、解答題AEDCB（第5題）5AEDCB（第5題）求證：.BBACDEF（第6題）6.如圖，已知：四點(diǎn)在同一條直線上，.求證：∥.§11.2三角形全等的判定（2）一、選擇題1.下列說法中，錯(cuò)誤的是（）.A.有三邊對應(yīng)相等的兩個(gè)三角形全等B.等底等高的兩個(gè)三角形面積相等C.全等三角形的面積一定相等D.兩個(gè)面積相等的三角形一定全等（第2題）ABCDEF2（第2題）ABCDEF全等的三角形共有（）.A.5對B.4對C.3對D.2對（第3（第3題）BCDA123.如圖，已知，，∠，∠，則∠.4.如果△的三邊長分別是、、，△的三邊長分別是、、，如果兩個(gè)三角形全等，那么.三、解答題（第5題）ACBD5.已知有一個(gè)三角形鋼架，如圖，為邊的中點(diǎn)，要求：為的垂直平分線時(shí)，為合格品，現(xiàn)在只有一把刻度尺，利用你學(xué)過的知識(shí)，如何檢驗(yàn)此鋼架是否合格.（第5題）ACBDABCDO（第6題）6.如圖，已知相交于點(diǎn)，且，試說明與的大小關(guān)系（提示：連接DBABCDO（第6題）§11.2三角形全等的判定（3）一、選擇題1.能判定兩個(gè)等腰三角形全等的條件是（）.A.兩邊長分別是6和9B.兩邊長分別是6和10（第2題）DABCEFC.兩邊長分別是6（第2題）DABCEF2.如圖，于，于，交于，，下列結(jié)論中，不成立的是（）.A.B.（第3題）BACDE（第3題）BACDE3.如圖，為了測量水池兩邊的距離，可以先過點(diǎn)作射線，再過點(diǎn)作于，在的延長線上截取，連接，則的長就是之間的距離，其中用來判定≌的理由是（）.A.B.C.D.4.如圖，已知和互相平分，若，且的周長為12，則的長為（）ABCDEF（第5題）（第7題）BACDEABCDEF（第5題）（第7題）BACDE（第6題）BACDEO（第（第4題）ABCDO 二、填空題5.如圖，點(diǎn)在上，，若以“”為依據(jù)，請你補(bǔ)充一個(gè)條件，使.6.如圖，點(diǎn)在上，點(diǎn)在上，與交于點(diǎn)，且，若，則度數(shù)為度.7.如圖，已知，則的度數(shù)為.（第8題）BADEC（第8題）BADEC=∠或∠=∠，就可以得≌.三、解答題（第9題）BCAMNO9.如圖，已知平分，平分，∥（第9題）BCAMNO求周長. （第10題）AB（第10題）ABCDE求證：.（第（第11題）BCAED11.如圖，在中，是的中線，求證：.§11.2三角形全等的判定（4）一、選擇題1.在和中，已知：，，下列判斷錯(cuò)誤的是（）.A.若添加條件，則B.若添加條件，則C.若添加條件，則D.若添加條件，則2.下列命題中錯(cuò)誤的是（）.A.全等三角形對應(yīng)邊的中線相等B.周長相等的兩個(gè)三角形全等（第3題）AB（第3題）ABCDMN3.如圖：，下列條件不能判定的是（）A.B.（第5題）ABCDE（第4題）ABCD（第5題）ABCDE（第4題）ABCDEF二、填空題4.如圖，已知點(diǎn)在同一條直線上，∥，∥，且若，則.5.如圖，已知：（第6題）BCAD（第6題）BCADE6.如圖，已知：垂足分別為，相交于點(diǎn)則圖中全等的三角形共有對.（第7（第7題）BDCA7.如圖，已知：∥，∥.求證：.（第8題）DEBACM8.如圖，已知：（第8題）DEBACM.求證：.9.如圖，已知：交于點(diǎn)，∥，=.（第9題）OFCDEBA（第9題）OFCDEBA（第10題）FEDCBA10.如圖，已知：∥，∥，且.試猜想與的大小有什么關(guān)系，并證明你的猜想（第10題）FEDCBA§11.2三角形全等的判定（5）一、選擇題1.使兩個(gè)直角三角形全等的條件可以是（）.（第2題）DA（第2題）DACBEC.一條邊對應(yīng)相等D.兩條直角邊對應(yīng)相等2.如圖，在中，于，，如果cm，那么等于（）.A.2cmB.3cmC.4cm（第3題）ABCDEP3.如圖，在中，于點(diǎn)（第3題）ABCDEP交于點(diǎn)，，則下列結(jié)論正確的是（）.A.B.C.D.（第5題）BA（第5題）BACDFEA.兩銳角對應(yīng)相等的兩個(gè)直角三角形全等B.一直角邊及它們的中線對應(yīng)相等的兩個(gè)直角三角形全等C.兩個(gè)直角三角形一定全等（第6題）（第6題）BACDE二、填空題5.如圖，于，于，.根據(jù)可判定.（第7題）DBCA6.如圖，（第7題）DBCA則與的位置關(guān)系是.（第8題）AEODCB7（第8題）AEODCB一個(gè)條件就能判定.8.如圖，和是的高，它們相交于點(diǎn)，且，則圖中有對全等三角形，其中根據(jù)來判定三角形（第9題）BCD（第9題）BCDEFA三、解答題9.已知：在中，于，于，且，試問：與相等嗎？為什么？（第（第10題）BACDEFH10.如圖，兩個(gè)直角三角形重疊在一起，將其中一個(gè)三角形沿著從點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)的方向平移得到的位置，，.求：四邊形的面積.（第11題）BCADEF11.如圖，在（第11題）BCADEF上一點(diǎn)，交于點(diǎn)求證：.（第12題）BACDOE12.如圖，∥，，與相交于點(diǎn)，試探索：與的位置關(guān)系.（第12題）BACDOE§11.2三角形全等的判定（6）一、選擇題1.下列條件中，不能唯一作出一個(gè)三角形的是（）.A.已知兩邊和夾角B.已知兩角和夾邊C.已知兩邊和其中一邊的對角D.已知三邊2.下列各組條件中，能判定的是（）.A.B.C.的周長等于的周長D.3.已知，在中，，是角平分線，, 求的長.甲同學(xué)求得：；乙同學(xué)求得：.下列判斷正確的是（）.A.甲乙都正確B.甲正確，乙不正確C.甲不正確，乙正確D.甲、乙都不正確二、填空題（第5題）EFDCBA（第6題）EACB（第5題）EFDCBA（第6題）EACBD5.如圖，點(diǎn)在同一條直線上，.則的度數(shù)為.（第7題）FDCEBA6.如圖，已知：（第7題）FDCEBA7.如圖，在中，點(diǎn)在上，，現(xiàn)將的折過去，使頂點(diǎn)落在點(diǎn)處，為折痕，且交于點(diǎn)，若，則的度數(shù)為.（第8（第8題）EDAPCB8.已知：交于點(diǎn)，且，求證：.（第9題）BNMDCA（第9題）BNMDCA（提示：連接）.（第10題）BFEDCA（第10題）BFEDCA11.已知：，畫出，使.（要求：用直尺和圓規(guī)來完成圖形，保留作圖痕跡）.（第（第11題）ABC§11.3角的平分線的性質(zhì)（1）一、選擇題1.下列說法中錯(cuò)誤的是（）.A.到已知角的兩邊距離相等的點(diǎn)與角的頂點(diǎn)的連線平分已知角B.已知角內(nèi)有兩點(diǎn)，各自到角的兩邊的距離相等，則經(jīng)過這兩點(diǎn)的連線平分已知角（第2題）（第2題）ONMPBAD.到角的兩邊距離相等的點(diǎn)有可能不在這個(gè)角的平分線上2.如圖，于點(diǎn)，于點(diǎn)，下列條件：①平分；②；③.（第3題）BD（第3題）BDNMPCAEA.只有①②B.只有①③C.只有②③D.①②③3.如圖，已知：分別是的外角（第4題）OAC（第4題）OACB那么的關(guān)系為（）.A.＞B.C.＜D.無法確定4.如圖，的三邊分別是20、30、40，其三條角平分線相交于點(diǎn)，則：：的值為（）.A.1:1:1B.1:2:3C.2:3:4D.3:4BEABEACD（第5題）5.如圖，如果，則相等的邊是，則相等的角是.6.如圖，∥，平分，平分，則點(diǎn)（第7題）DABC到的距離一定等于點(diǎn)