PAGEPAGE5初識(shí)定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句，被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般后置。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞，它包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞在從句中需充當(dāng)句子成分。下面我們來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單了解一下關(guān)系代詞who,that,whom,which的用法。先看下面的例句【例句】1.Doyouknowthegirlswho/thatarestandingthere?你認(rèn)識(shí)站在那兒的那些女孩嗎？2.Thedoctorwhom/thatItalkedwithjustnowtoldmetodrinkmorewater.剛才和我交談的醫(yī)生告訴我要多喝水。(注意：在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中whom也可用who代替。)3.Mysisterlikesmusicthat/whichisquietandgentle.我姐姐喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。4.Hereisthebookwhich/thatmyfatherislookingfor.這就是我父親在找的那本書(shū)。【結(jié)論】先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所做成分關(guān)系代詞注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。指人主語(yǔ)who或that賓語(yǔ)whom，who或that指物主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)that或which定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇1、先行詞為人時(shí)用that\who\whom\whose.2、先行詞為物時(shí)用that\which\when\where\why.以下情況只能用that：1.先行詞為all、everything、something、nothing、anything、little、much、none、theone時(shí)或被這些詞修飾時(shí)，Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.2.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只用thatThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhavevisited.3.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，只用thatThefirstlessonthatwehavelearnedwillneverbeeasilyforgotten.Thisisthelastclassthatwewillhavethisterm.當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast、oneof、no、little、few、any、very修飾時(shí)，只用thatTheonlystudentthatmaybeelectedisinourclass.Ihavenoquestionthatwillbeasked.Therewaslittlethatinterestedhimatthemeeting.ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是以who或which開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)而用thatWhoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?當(dāng)way做先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可以有三種形式=1\*GB3①that=2\*GB3②inwhich=3\*GB3③×Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/×youspeaktoyourmotherlikethat.定語(yǔ)從句專練()1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.A.that B.who C.whom D.this()2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whom B.which C.who D./()3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.A.that B.whose C.which D.as()4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theone B.which C.who D.whom()5.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.which B.that C./ D.it()6.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.which B.inwhich C.that D.all()7.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.A.which B.whom C.whose D.this()8.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.who B.whom C.which D.that()9.Thefarmersusedwoodtobuildahouse_____graincanbestored.A.withwhich B.whereC.inthat D.which()10.Thewoman________issinginginthehallisourteacher.A.what B.which C.who D.whom()11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.A.be B.were C.is D.are()12.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.A.whom B.who C./ D.he()13.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoor B.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoor D.thatlivesnextdoor()14.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.which B.whom C.that D.who()15.Thefarm_____westayedlastweekisalovelyplaceforaholiday.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.atthat()16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.A.what B.which C.as D.that()17.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthat B.when C.where D.there()18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?A.where B.inthat C.that D.which()19.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.WhenB.whereC.thatD.which()20.Doyouknowtheboy____fatherisapoliceman?AwhoBwhichCwhoseDthat用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that，which，who，whom填空。1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow()1--Barbara,wheredoyouwork?

--Iworkforacompany____sellspears．A．whichB．whereC．whatD．who()2.ShaolinTemple___liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what()3.It’stimetosaygood-byetomyschool.I’llawaysrememberthepeople___havehelpedme.AwhoBwhatCwhichDwhere()4.Friendsarethose____makeyousmile,alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.AwhichBwhatCwhomDwho()5.Tony,tellmetheresultofthediscussion______youhadwithyourdadyesterday.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.who()6.Successwillbelongtothose__neversay“impossible”.AwhomBwhatCwhoDwhich(）7.Friendissomeone____says,“What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!”

AwhoBwhichCwhatDwhose()8.“Underground”istheonlywordintheEnglishlanguage_____beginsandendswiththeletters“und”.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.who()9—Whydon’tyoulikefishing?—Fishingahobbyneedsmuchpatience,butI’mnotpatientatall.A.whoB.thatC.itD.what英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所有用法梳理！動(dòng)詞不定式、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、主動(dòng)被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞原形的用法

1.除單三人稱的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其它人稱作主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞用原形。2.將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)shall,will,should,would之后用動(dòng)詞原形。3.祈使句句子開(kāi)頭用動(dòng)詞原形。

4.助動(dòng)詞do,does,did之后用動(dòng)詞原形。

5.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can、could、may,might,have/hasto,must,need,dare,oughtto之后用動(dòng)詞原形。6.使役動(dòng)詞let、make、have之后用動(dòng)詞原形。

7.感官動(dòng)詞see、watch、notice、hear、feel、find之后用動(dòng)詞原形(說(shuō)明動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束)。8.hadbetter之后用動(dòng)詞原形。9.why/whynot之后用動(dòng)詞原形。10.wouldratherdosth.thandosth.

11.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth./preferdoingsth.todoingsth.

動(dòng)名詞的用法

1.介詞之后動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞形式（動(dòng)詞+ing）

2.部分動(dòng)詞之后的動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞形式：enjoy,finish,practice,mind,spend,dislike,find,keep3.部分短語(yǔ)后省略了介詞in:havefun/problems/difficulties/trouble/agoodtimedoing

bebusydoing,

4.beworthdoing,

can’thelpdoing,feellikedoing,dosomedoingsth.5.下面這些動(dòng)詞既可跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式：

like/love/hatedoing(doing表示習(xí)慣)(todo表示具體的動(dòng)作)

stopdoing（表示停止）（doing表示開(kāi)始做不定式的動(dòng)作）;remember,forget（不定式表示未做；動(dòng)名詞表示已做）;try（doing表示試著做；todo表示努力做）;

goon(doing繼續(xù)做相同的事todo繼續(xù)做不同的事)

begin,start（todo與doing區(qū)別不大）;

need（人作主語(yǔ)用todo；物作主語(yǔ)用doing表示被動(dòng)）;mean（人作主語(yǔ)用todo表示“打算做”；事/物作主語(yǔ)用doing表示“意味著”）;

這些動(dòng)詞既可跟動(dòng)詞原形，又可跟ing形式：see,watch,hear.notice(用原形是指動(dòng)作結(jié)束，ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)

動(dòng)詞不定式的用法

1.ask/tell/want/order/teach/wish/wouldlike/invite/encouragesb.todosth.2.ask/tell/want/order/teach/wish/wouldlike/invite/encouragesb.nottodosth.

3.Help...(to)dosth.

4.主系表+不定式（todo）5.主系表+forsb+不定式（todo）

6.部分動(dòng)詞既可跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式：（同動(dòng)名詞6）7.疑問(wèn)詞+不定式（todo）可以把復(fù)合句變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單句，（to

=主語(yǔ)+will/would/can）

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雙寫(xiě)規(guī)則必須同時(shí)滿足以下4個(gè)條件

1)該動(dòng)詞的發(fā)音以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾；

重讀閉音節(jié)就是指在一個(gè)音節(jié)中，元音字母不是發(fā)它本身的字母音，以輔音字母結(jié)尾，而且是重讀音節(jié)的音節(jié)。比如apple劃音節(jié)就應(yīng)該是ap/ple前面那個(gè)ap是一個(gè)音節(jié)以輔音字母結(jié)尾就是閉音節(jié)。

2）結(jié)尾閉音節(jié)符合“1個(gè)輔音字母+1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母”

3）結(jié)尾的輔音字母不是"x"；

4）該動(dòng)詞的拼寫(xiě)規(guī)則沒(méi)有例外；

如:sitsitting/beginbeginning(重讀在gin這個(gè)音節(jié)上，相當(dāng)與把gin改成雙寫(xiě)的)

像travel這種重讀不在的vel，可以為travelled，也可以是traveled.

舉兩個(gè)很經(jīng)典的例子：forbidforbidding(重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫(xiě))prohibitprohibiting（重讀在第二音節(jié)，非重讀閉音節(jié)，不雙寫(xiě)）

情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞用法簡(jiǎn)述

1.dare,need①dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí),常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中,過(guò)去式形式為dared。

例Howdareyousaysuchhorriblewordstome?

②need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí),常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句，相當(dāng)于肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto,should。

例

NeedIfinishtheworktoday?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.

③dare和need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化，在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式，在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式，而need后面只能接帶to的不定式。

例Shedoesn’tdare(to)answer.

2.shall,should①shall用于第一人稱，征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。例:WhatshallIdo?

②shall用于第二、三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。例:Youshallbepunished,youbadboy!

3.will,would①表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，使用would使語(yǔ)氣更加緩和。例Wouldyougivemeacupofcoffee,please?

②表示意志、愿望和決心。例Iwillneverdothatagain.

③would表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。例Duringthatsummer,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.

④表示估計(jì)和猜想。例ItwouldbeaboutmaywhenshecomebacktoChina.

4.should,oughtto①should表示“應(yīng)該”，oughtto表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，語(yǔ)氣更嚴(yán)重。例Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.

②表示勸告、建議和命令，should,oughtto可通用，但在疑問(wèn)句中常用should。例ShouldIopenthewindow?

③表示推測(cè)，should,oughtto(客觀推測(cè)),must(主觀推測(cè))。例Shemustpasstheexam.(斷定)

能充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

1.定義：能夠充當(dāng)句子謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞就是主動(dòng)詞(mainverb)

例Readingmakesafullman.(make在這句話里為主動(dòng)詞)

2.類別：①連系動(dòng)詞：用來(lái)表示身份，狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，特征，無(wú)法單獨(dú)使用，和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)

A狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：包括be動(dòng)詞，continue,keep,stay,remain,stand等例Thegirlkeepscrying.(持續(xù)的哭的狀態(tài))