Newzealand生物1122姜宗森孫文鞠丹崔雨婕1GeographyTheGeographicalFeatures:NewZealandisintheSouthernPacificOcean,halfwaybetweentheequatorandtheSouthPole.It

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locatedwithintheRingofFire,aregionencirclingthePacificOceanwherethemovementoftectonicplates板塊leadstovolcanicandseismic[5saIzmIk]地震activity.(新西蘭是南太平洋，位于赤道和南極。這是位于內的火環(huán)，環(huán)繞在構造板塊的運動導致的火山和地震活動的太平洋地區(qū))2Ithastwomainislands:NorthIslandandSouthIsland.MtCook(庫克山):thehighestpeak,3,754metershigh;LakeTaupo(陶波湖):thelargestlake,covering606sqkm;itis40kmlongand27kmwide.Inthesurroundingareaarenumerousgeysersandhotsprings.TheClutha(該克盧撒):thelargestriver,336kmlongintheSouthIsland.3Large,longgroupofislandsfromNorthtoSouthTwomainlandmasses（陸地）:NorthIslandSouthIslandSeparatedbytheCookStrait（庫克海峽）ThirdlargestIslandisStewartIslandSouthofSouthIslandCapital:Wellington(惠靈頓）LargestCity:Auckland（奧克蘭）

TheLand4NorthIslandVolcanoes(火山）MountainsSouthIslandMountainchainsLakes,rivers,inlets（入口）Cool,rainy,forested5ClimateTheclimateofNewZealandisgenerallytemperate,butbecausethecountryrunsnorthsouth,theclimateisvaried.6Newzealand'sclimateisdominatedbytwomaingeographicalfeatures--theseaandthemountains.SincethesmalllandmassofNewZealandissurroundedbyalargeexpanseofocean,theclimateofNewZealandistemperateoceanic,whichmeansthattheseasonalvariationsinNewZealandaremuchslighterthanincontinentalcountries.7Majorcitieswellington（惠靈頓）isthecaptialofnewzealand.locatedatthesoutherntipofthenorthisland,itistheworld'ermsofpopulation,itisnewzealand'ssecondlargestcity.Auckland(奧克蘭）,locatedinthenorthernpartofthenorthislandAuckland,locatedinthenorthernpartofthenorthisland,isthelargestcityinnewzealand.ithasabout1.5millioninhabitants,one-thirdofthecountry'hemaorilanguage,aucklandmeans"thecityof100lovers".itearnedthisnamebecauseitwasaplacedesiredbyallandconqueredbymany.8HistoryDiscoveryOfNewZealandNewZealandasaColony(作為一個殖民地)NewZealandasaDominion(新西蘭為自治領)NewZealandasaRealm(新西蘭成為王國）9DiscoveryThefirstinhabitants（第一批居民）Polynesian（波利尼西亞）people,ancestorsoftheMaoris（毛利人）betweenaround700and2000yearsagocooperate,compete,fightwitheachother——developedtheirdistinctMorioriculture（不同的毛利人文化.）TheDutchexplorer

AbelTasmanThefirstEuropean（阿貝爾塔斯曼）duringhisvoyageof1642-43Withoutsettingfootashore（上岸）crew（船員）killed.10NewzealandasaColonyColony(1840~1907)11Thefirstsignificantvoyage（航行）ofdiscoverywasundertakenbyJamesCook,whobeganextensiveexploratonoftheislandsin1769.ItwasCook（庫克）whoprovedthatNewZealandconsistedoftwoislands.Cook’svoyageeventuallyledtotheeuropeancolonizationofit.AnincreasingnumberofsettlerscametoNewZealandeithertotradeortobuylandforfarming（越來越多的定居者來到新西蘭的任何貿易或買地耕作）.ThecaptainCook

12NewZealandbecameaBritishcolony:signingoftheTreatyofWaitangi（簽署懷唐伊條約）

In1840,BritishrepresentativesoftheBritishCrownandchiefsofthenativeMaorissignedtheTreatyofWaitangi.（1840，土著毛利人和英國代表英國王室的首領簽署條約）13Contentsofthetreaty:（條約的內容）14TheimpactofthetreatyonNewZealandnow:（條約在新西蘭現(xiàn)在的影響）15NewZealandasaDominion16Fromacolonytoadominion:

In1907,NewZealandchangedfromaBritishcolonytoaseparatedominion,equalinstatustoAustraliaandCanada.17SixstagesofNewZealandasaDominion⑴In1907,fromaBritishcolonytoaseparatedominion(1907年,從英國殖民地獨立的統(tǒng)治)⑵DuringWorldWarⅠ,NewZealandenthusiasticallybackedBritainandsufferedlargecasualties.(第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間Ⅰ、新西蘭熱情地支持英國,遭受了巨大的人員傷亡)⑶Inthelate1920s,encounteredeconomyproblemsandtookmeasurestosolvethem.(在1920年代末,遇到經濟問題和采取措施解決這些問題。)⑷InworldWarⅡonceagainsufferedextraordinarycasualties.(在世界大戰(zhàn)Ⅱ再次遭受了非同尋常的傷亡。)⑸AfterworldWarⅡ,NewZealandenteredintoaperiodofsustained(持續(xù)的)economygrowth,anditstrengtheneditsrelationship(關系)withtheUnitedStates.⑹In1947,NewZealandwastotalindependencefromBritain.⑺In1983,theterm“dominion”wasreplacedwith“realm”.18NewZealandsignedtheANZUSTreaty（TheAustralia,NewZealand,UnitedStatesSecurityTreaty澳新美公約)withtheUnitedStatesandAustralia.In195119NewZealandasaRealmNuclearPolicyandDavidRussellLange20FamousPrimeMinister21GovernmentIndependentStateConstitutionalmonarchywithaparliamentarydemocracy(君主立憲制和議會民主制)Nowrittenconstitution,buttheConstitutionAct(憲法法案)of1986definesthestructureofthegovernment.ThreebranchesofgovernmentLegislative(parliament)(立法(國會))Executive(departmentsandagencies)(主管(部門和機構))Judicial(courts)HeadofState:QueenElizabethII(女王伊麗莎白二世),representedbyaGovernor-GeneralRoleismainlyceremonial,realpoliticalpowerisheldbythePrimeMinisterwhoisheadofthegovernment(作用主要是禮儀,真正的政治權力是由總理舉行的政府)22TheLegislatureParliament(議會)developedfromtheBritishparliamentarysystem(英國議會制度稱)knownastheWestminstersystem(威斯敏斯特體系)ofgovernment,andisthelaw-makingbodyoftheNewZealandgovernment.ConsistsofSovereign(君主)andHouseofRepresentatives(眾議院)Theexecutive-ThebranchoftheNewZealandgovernmentismadeoftheCabinet,thePrimeMinisterandthepublicsector.(新西蘭政府的分支是由內閣,首相和公共部門)-TheGovernorGeneralisappointedbytheSovereignonthePrimeMinister'srecommendationforatermoffiveyears.(總督任命的主權在總理的推薦詞的五年)ThejudiciaryTheJudiciaryappliesthelawbyhearinganddecidingcases.ItismadeupofjudgesandjudicialofficersThe

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government23PeopleAsmentionedearlier,NewZealandisamulti-ethniccountry,includingthePacificpeople(from)thePacific,Asia,theMiddleEast,LatinAmerica,Europe,andthelocalMaori.NewZealandpeoplewarmandfriendly,mostpeoplepreferoutdooractivities.(如前所述，新西蘭是一個多種族國家，其中包括太平洋人（來自太平洋地區(qū)），亞洲、中東、拉美、歐洲人、以及當?shù)氐拿?。新西蘭人熱情友好，大部分人喜愛戶外運動)24MaoriIndigenouspeople14.6%ofthepopulationin2006MostlivenowinurbanareasKinshipandtribalrolestillveryimportant25EcologyandEconomyNolandmammals(哺乳動物)until1,000yearsagoLotsofflightless(不會飛的)birdsKiwibird(奇異鳥)Livestock(牲畜)importanttoeconomy.SheepAgriculturealsoimportantKiwi-fruitForestry(林業(yè)),Fishing,Geoenergy(地表熱能)Lessthan4millionconsumers,soeconomydependentonexportsServiceprovider,consulting26LanguagesBothEnglishandMaoriareofficiallanguagesofNewZealand.Inapril2006NewZealandbecomethefirstcountrytodeclaresignlanguageasanofficiallanguage,alongsideEnglishandMaori.(英語和毛利語是新西蘭的官方語言。在四月2006新西蘭成為第一個宣布手語作為官方語言的國家，除了英語和毛利。)MaoriisonlyusedinNewZealandandnowhereelseintheworld.despiteitsofficialstatus,thelanguagecontinuestostruggleforlife.ItisonlyrecentlythattheMaorilanguagehasgatheredwidespreadsupport.（毛利僅用于在新西蘭和世界官方地位沒有別的語言，繼續(xù)奮斗的生活。直到最近，毛利人的語言已聚集了廣泛的支持）27EducationEducation

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