科技文體特點(diǎn)與翻譯

整理課件科技文體的范疇科技文體可以泛指一切論及或談及科學(xué)和技術(shù)的書(shū)面語(yǔ)和口語(yǔ)，其中包括：1.科技著述、科技論文和報(bào)告、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告和方案；2.各類(lèi)科技情報(bào)和文字資料；3.科技實(shí)用手冊(cè)和操作規(guī)程；4.有關(guān)科技問(wèn)題的會(huì)談、會(huì)議、交談的用語(yǔ)；5.有關(guān)科技的影片、錄像等有聲資料的解說(shuō)詞，等等。整理課件科技英語(yǔ)文體總貌著重?cái)⑹逻壿嬌系穆?lián)貫(Coherence)及表達(dá)上的明晰(Clarity)與暢達(dá)(Fluency)；避免行文晦澀，作者避免表露個(gè)人感情，避免論證上的主觀隨意性。科技英語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)力求平易(Plainness)和精確(Preciseness)，忌用夸張、借喻、譏諷、反詰、雙關(guān)及押韻等修辭手段。整理課件科技文體的一般特征(1)無(wú)人稱(chēng)（Impersonal)(2)語(yǔ)氣正式,概念準(zhǔn)確,名詞多(3)文體質(zhì)樸,少修辭(Unadornedinstylistics)(4)邏輯性強(qiáng)，連詞多(StrictinLogic)(5)專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)多，表達(dá)各專(zhuān)業(yè)不同(Concentrated inTechnicalTerms)整理課件1，無(wú)人稱(chēng)It句型大量使用Readingisaveryimportantlanguageskillforforeignlanguagelearners.Thesignificanceoflanguagelearningstrategiesinreadingcomprehensionisself-evident.整理課件2，語(yǔ)氣正式,概念準(zhǔn)確,名詞多1)Althoughthemajorityoftunnelconstructionprojectshavebeencompletedsafely,therehavebeenseveralincidentsinvarioustunnelingprojectsthathaveresultedindelays,costoverruns,andinafewcasesmoresignificantconsequencessuchasinjuryandlossoflife.2)The

WorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthat"fineparticulateairpollution(PM2.5)causesabout3%ofmortalityfromcardiopulmonarydisease,about5%ofmortalityfromcancerofthetrachea,bronchus,andlung,andabout1%ofmortalityfromacuterespiratoryinfectionsinchildrenunder5yr,worldwide.”整理課件3，文體質(zhì)樸,少修辭1)Likeanormaldiode,theLEDconsistsofachipofsemiconductingmaterialdopedwithimpuritiestocreateap-njunction.2)The

Compleradoseisonetablettakenbymouthonceaday.Itshouldbetakenwithameal(e.g.,breakfast

ordinner).

整理課件4，邏輯性強(qiáng)，連詞、分詞多1)Whendischarging,lithiumisforcedoutoftheanode(+)andintothecathode(-),andduringchargingthereverseoccurs.2）Itisgenerallythoughtthatseismicaccelerationvaluesundergroundarelessthanatthesurface,andthattherigidityofthesurroundingrockishighenoughtopreservetheshapeoftunnels.整理課件5，各專(zhuān)業(yè)義的術(shù)語(yǔ)多JointExpansionjoint

伸縮縫Phalangealjoint指關(guān)節(jié)Rockjoint巖石節(jié)理Jointchamber電纜交接箱Lowerlinkjoint下拉桿鉸鏈Bed

Roadbed路基Saltbed鹽層Railbed鋼軌底座Shakerbed分離篩Riverbed河床整理課件科技文章的句法特征（１）在人稱(chēng)的使用上，強(qiáng)調(diào)文章的客觀性，漢語(yǔ)中常使用“筆者”、“我們”、“本文”而不使用“我”來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)贸瞿骋唤Y(jié)論的主語(yǔ)；英語(yǔ)中則常使用Theauthorthinksthat…/Theauthorshaveinvestigated…/Thispaperillustrates…等句式。（2）英語(yǔ)科技文章名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)用得多。（3）時(shí)態(tài)變化不明顯：漢語(yǔ)里的動(dòng)詞無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)變化。英語(yǔ)中敘述客觀事實(shí)幾乎千篇一律使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。（4）在語(yǔ)態(tài)方面，漢語(yǔ)中主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用較多，而英語(yǔ)中，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用較多。（5）漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的科技文章中，句子結(jié)構(gòu)都較為復(fù)雜。整理課件科技漢譯英的方法1)名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的應(yīng)用3)運(yùn)用特殊句型和長(zhǎng)句整理課件1)名詞化(Nominalization)

廣泛使用能表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的抽象名詞“Scientificwritingdiffersgreatlyfromtheotherstylesinhavingahighlyproportionofnounphraseswithcomplexity…”(Quirk)阿基米德最先發(fā)現(xiàn)固體排水的原理。

Archimedisfirstdiscoveredtheprincipleofdisplacementofwaterbysolidbodies.

比較：Archimedisfirstdiscoveredtheprinciplethatsolidbodiescoulddisplacewater.整理課件合同雙方令人滿(mǎn)意地履行合同義務(wù)是拓展業(yè)務(wù)和擴(kuò)大合作的前提。A)ThatbothpartiesfulfilledtheContractsatisfactorilywillbethebasisforthedevelopmentofbusinessandfurthercooperation.B)ThesatisfactoryfulfillmentoftheContractbybothpartieswillbethebasisforthedevelopmentofbusinessandfurthercooperation.整理課件名詞連用（“擴(kuò)展的名詞前置修飾語(yǔ)”ExpandedNounPremodifiers）可以有效地簡(jiǎn)化語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)。Illuminationintensitydetermination=determinationoftheintensityofillumination照明強(qiáng)度測(cè)定Powertransmissionrelaysystem=arelaysystemforpowertransmission送電中繼體系整理課件2)廣泛使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)句

根據(jù)英國(guó)利茲大學(xué)JohnSwales的統(tǒng)計(jì)，科技英語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)至少三分之一是被動(dòng)態(tài)。這是因?yàn)榭萍嘉恼聜?cè)重?cái)⑹峦评?，?qiáng)調(diào)客觀準(zhǔn)確。因此盡量使用第三人稱(chēng)敘述，采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

整理課件科技英語(yǔ)常用句型及翻譯定式1,Itissupposedthat…2,Itisreportedthat…3,Itcanbeclearlyseenthat…4,Itshouldbenotedthat…5,Itmaybesafelysaidthat…6,Itmustbestressedthat…7,Ithasbeenprovedthat…8,Itwasestimatedthat…9,Itwillbeseenfromthisthat…10,Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…整理課件本文簡(jiǎn)要定性地討論了一些基本概念。Abriefqualitativediscussionofsomebasicconceptsispresentedinthispaper.cf.Thispapergives/presentsabriefqualitativediscussionofsomebasicconcepts.整理課件回指釋義策略在英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中解釋功能的研究【Abstract】ThiscasestudyaimedtoexploretheuseofanaphoraresolutionstrategyinEnglishreadingcomprehension.Threeresearchquestionswereaddressedasfollows:(1)WhatobstaclesdoreadersmeetinEnglishreadingcomprehension?(2)WhatistherelationshipbetweenanaphoraresolutionandEnglishreadingcomprehension?(3)Howdoesanaphoraresolutionstrategytrainingpromotereaders’Englishreadingcomprehension?整理課件

3)運(yùn)用特殊句型和長(zhǎng)句科技文章中經(jīng)常使用若干特定的句型，從而形成科技文體區(qū)別于其他文體的標(biāo)志。1)It…that…句型；2)其他固定結(jié)構(gòu)：定義，比較,分類(lèi)…顯然，潤(rùn)滑好的軸承，比不潤(rùn)滑的軸承容易轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。Itisevidentthatawelllubricatedbearingturnsmoreeasilythanadryone.

整理課件和古廟正好隔河相對(duì)的那座寶塔據(jù)說(shuō)是明代的建筑。A.ThepagodathatstandsfacingtheancienttempleandisseparatedfromeachotherbytheriverissaidtohavebeenbuiltintheMingDynasty.B.ItissaidthatthepagodajustacrosstheriverfromtheancienttemplewasbuiltintheMingDynasty.整理課件It作賓語(yǔ)電子設(shè)備有著巨大威力和多種用途而被廣泛應(yīng)用，因而使理工科學(xué)生必須熟悉電子學(xué)的實(shí)用知識(shí)。Thegreatpowerandversatilityofelectronicdevicesand,consequently,theirwidespreadapplicationmakeitimperativethatscienceandengineeringstudentsobtainaworkingfamiliaritywithelectronics.整理課件2)其他固定結(jié)構(gòu)：定義，比較,分類(lèi)…計(jì)算機(jī)可分為模擬計(jì)算機(jī)和數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)兩種。Computersmaybeclassifiedintoanaloganddigital.不銹鋼是能抗腐蝕的合金。Stainlesssteelisdefinedasanalloywhichresistscorrosion.大型變壓器的效率可以高達(dá)99%.Largetransformerscanachieveefficienciesofasmuchas99%.整理課件長(zhǎng)句為了表述一個(gè)復(fù)雜概念，使之邏輯嚴(yán)密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，科技文章中往往出現(xiàn)許多長(zhǎng)句。有的長(zhǎng)句多達(dá)七八十個(gè)詞，以下即是一例。

整理課件Theeffortsthathavebeenmadetoexplainopticalphenomenabymeansofthehypothesisofamediumhaving

thesamephysicalcharacterasanelasticsolidbodyled,inthefirstinstance,totheunderstandingofaconcreteexampleofamediumwhichcantransmittransversevibrations,andatalater