2023年職稱英語理工類C級(jí)考試真題詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1-15題，每題1分，共15分)1、Itriedto

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asregards

herfitnessforthepost.Aat Bwith Cabout Dfrom閱讀判斷(第16-22題，每題1分，共7分)WideWorldofRobotsEngineerswhobuildandprogramrobotshavefascinatingjobs.Theseresearcherstinker(修補(bǔ))withmachinesinthelabandwritecomputersoftwaretocontrolthesedevices.“They’rethebesttoysoutthere,”saysHowieChosetatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.Chosetisaroboticist,apersonwhodesigns,buildsorprogramsrobots.WhenChosetwasakid,hewasinterestedinanythingthatmoved—cars,trains,animals.HeputmotorsonTinkertoycarstomakethemmove.Later,inhighschool,hebuiltmobilerobotssimilartosmallcars.Hopingtocontinueworkingonrobots,hestudiedcomputerscienceincollege.ButwhenhegottograduateschoolattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,Choset’slabmateswereworkingonsomethingevencoolerthanremotelycontrolledcars：roboticsnakes.Somerobotscanmoveonlyforward,backward,leftandright.Butsnakescantwist(扭曲)inmanydirectionsandtraveloveralotofdifferenttypesofterrain(地形).“Snakesarefarmoreinterestingthanthecars,”Chosetconcluded.AfterhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon,Chosetandhiscolleaguestherebegandevelopingtheirownsnakerobots.Choset’steamprogrammedrobotstoperformthesamemovementsasrealsnakes,suchasslidingandinchingforward.Therobotsaisomovedinwaysthatsnakesusuallydon't,suchasroiling.Choset’ssnakerobotscouldcrawl(爬行)throughthegrass,swiminapondandevenclimbaflagpole.ButChosetwonderedifhissnakesmightbeusefulformedicineaswell.Forsomeheartsurgeries,thedoctorhastoopenapatient’schest,cuttingthroughthebreastbone.Recoveringfromthesesurgeriescanbeverypainful.Whatifthedoctorcouldperformtheoperationbyinsteadmakingasmallholeinthebodyandsendinginathinroboticsnake?ChosetteamedupwithMarcoZenati,aheartsurgeonnowatHarvardMedicalSchool,toinvestigatetheidea.Zenatipracticedusingtherobotonaplasticmodelofthechestandthentestedtherobotinpigs.AcompanycalledMedroboticsinBostonisnowadaptingthetechnologyforsurgeriesonpeople.Evenafter15yearsofworkingwithhisteam'screations,“Istilldon'tgetboredofwatchingthemotionofmyrobots,"Chosetsays.16Chosetbegantobuildrobotsinhighschool.ARight BWrong CNotmentioned17Snakerobotscouldmoveinonlyfourdirections.ARight BWrong CNotmentioned18Chosetdidn’tbegindevelopinghisownsnakerobotsuntilhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon,ARight BWrong CNotmentioned19Choset’ssnakerobotscouldmakemoremovementsthantheonesothersdeveloped.ARight BWrong CNotmentioned20Theapplicationofathinroboticsnakemakesheartsurgeriesiesstime-consuming.ARight BWrong CNotmentioned21Zenatitestedtherobotonpeopleafterusingitinpigs.ARight BWrong CNotmentioned22TherobotictechnologyforsurgeriesonpeoplehasbroughtahandsomeprofittoMedrobotics.ARight BWrong CNotmentioned概括大意與完畢句子(第23-30題，每題1分，共8分)Ecosystem1Theword“ecosystem”isshortforecological(生態(tài)旳)system.Anecosystemiswherelivingcreaturesexpandwithinagivenarea.Youcansaythatanecosystemisthenaturalenvironmentwherebiologicalorganisms(生物)suchasplants,animalsandhumansco-existinthisworld.Sonaturallythatincludesyouandme.Yes,weareallmembersofanecosystem!2Therearedifferentkindsofecosystemsdependingonthetypeofsurfaceorenvironment.Mostarenaturallymadesuchastheoceanorlakeandthedesertorrainforest.Someareman-madeorartificialtoencourageco-habitation(共居)betweenlivingandnon-livingthingsinamonitoredenvironment,suchasazooorgarden.3Plantsmakeupthebiggestgroupofbiologicalcreatureswithinanecosystem,andthat’sbecausetheyarethenaturalfoodproducersforeveryone.Plantsraisedintheearthneedairandcollectsunlighttohelpthemgrow.Whentheygrow,theplantsandItsfruitsorflowerseventuallybecomeasourceoffoodtoanimals,microorganisms(微生物)andevenhumans,ofcourse.Foodisthenconvertedtoenergyfortherestofustofunction,andthishappensinanever-endingcycleuntilthelivingcreaturesdieandbreakupbackintheearth.4Ecosystemsarethebasisofsurvivalforalllivingthings.Wedependonplantsandanimalsforfood.Inorderforustoexist,weneedtogrowandcareaboutotherorganisms.Wealsoneedtocareforthenon-livingthingswithinourenvironmentlikeourairandwatersowecancontinuelivingasapopulation.Sinceplants,animalsandhumansareallofvariousspecies(物種),weallplayaroleinmaintainingtheecosystem.5Topreserveourecosystems,weshouldstopusingtoomuchenergy,whichhappenswhenweconsumemorethanourshareofresources.Humansshouldnotdisturbthenaturalhabitat(棲息地)ofplantsandanimals,andallowthemtogrowhealthilyforthecycletocontinue.Toomanypeopleinahabitatcanmeandisplacement(搬遷):imaginebeingthrownoutofyourhomebecausethereisnomorespaceforeveryone.Worse,overpopulationcanalsoruintheenvironmentandcausedestructionofexistingplantsandanimals.23Paragraph2

24Paragraph3

25Paragraph4

26Paragraph5

AWhatisanecosystem?BHowdoesanecosystemwork?CWhyareecosystemsimportant?DWhataredifferenttypesofecosystems?EWhatcanwedotohelpprotectecosystems?FWhatdestroysecosystems?27inanecosystem,plants,animalsandhumanslivetogetherin

28Plantsareessentialinanecosystembecausetootherlivingcreaturestheyare

29Plants,animalsandhumansarealleffectivein

30Toprotectourecosystemsweshouldnotusemorethan

AagivenareaBthesourceoffoodCvariousspeciesDabiologicalcreatureEourshareofresourcesFthemaintenanceoftheecosystem閱讀理解(第31-45題，每題3分，共46分)第一篇WhenOurEyesServeOurStomachOursensesaren'tjustdeliveringastrictviewofwhat’sgoingonintheworld;they’reaffectedbywhat’sgoingoninourheads.Anewstudyfindsthathungrypeopleseefood-relatedwordsmoreclearlythanpeoplewho’vejusteaten.Psychologistshaveknownfordecadesthatwhat’sgoingoninsideourheadsaffectsoursenses.Forexample,poorerchildrenthinkcoinsarelargerthantheyare,andhungrypeoplethinkpicturesoffoodarebrighter.RemiRadelofUniversityofNiceSophia-Antipolis,France,wantedtoinvestigatehowthishappens.Doesithappenrightawayasthebrainreceivessignalsfromtheeyesoralittlelaterasthebrain’shigh-levelthinkingprocessesgetinvolved?Radelrecruited42studentswithanormalbodymass(質(zhì)量)index.Onthedayofhisorhertest,eachstudentwastoldtoarriveatthelabatnoonafterthreeorfourhoursofnoteating.Thentheyweretoldtherewasadelay.Someweretoldtocomebackin10minutes;othersweregivenanhourtogetlunchfirst.Sohalfthestudentswerehungrywhentheydidtheexperimentandtheotherhalfhadjusteaten.Fortheexperiment,theparticipantlookedatacomputerscreen.Onebyone,80wordsflashedonthescreenforabout1/300thofasecondeach.Theyflashedatsosmallasizethatthestudentscouldonlyconsciouslyperceive.Aquarterofthewordswerefood-related.Aftereachword,eachpersonwasaskedhowbrightthewordwasandaskedtochoosewhichoftwowordsthey’dseen—-afood-relatedwordlikecakeoraneutral(中性旳)wordlikeboat,Eachwordappearedtoobrieflyfortheparticipanttoreallyreadit.Hungrypeoplesawthefood-relatedwordsasbrighterandwerebetteratidentifyingfood-relatedwords.Becausethewordappearedtooquicklyforthemtobereliablyseen,thismeansthatthedifferenceisinperception,notinthinkingprocesses，Radelsays.“Thisissomethinggreattome.Humanscanreallyperceivewhattheyneedorwhattheystrive(奮斗)for.Fromtheexperiment,Iknowthatourbraincanreallybeatthedisposal(處理)ofourmotives(動(dòng)機(jī))andneeds,”Radelsays.31“Poorerchildren”and“hungrypeople”arementionedinParagraph2toshowAtheyhavesharpersensesthanothers.Btheylosetheirsensesbecauseofpovertyandhunger.Chumans'sensesareaffectedbywhattheyseewiththeireyes.Dhumans，sensesareinfluencedbywhat’sgoingonintheirheads.32TherewasadelayInRadersexperimentbecauseAheneededmorestudentstojoin.Bhedidn’tprepareenoughfoodforthe42students.Chewantedtwogroupsofparticipants,hungryandnon-hungry.Dhedidn’twanttohavetheexperimentatnoon.33Whydidthe80wordsflashsofastandatsosmallasizeonthescreen?ATomakesuretheparticipanthadnotimetothinkconsciouslyBToensuretheparticipantwasunabletoperceiveanything.CToguaranteeeachwordcameoutatthesamespeedandsize.DToshortenthetimeoftheexperiment34Radel’sexperimentdiscoveredthathungrypeopleAwerebetteratidentifyingneutralwords.Bwerealwaysthinkingoffood-relatedwords.Csaweverywordmoreclearlythanstomach-fullpeople.Dweremoresensitivetofood-relatedwordsthanstomach-fullpeople.35ItcanbelearntfromwhatRadelsaysthatAhumans’thinkingprocessesareindependentoftheirsenses.Bhumanscanperceivewhattheyneedwithoutdeepthinkingprocesses.Canexperimentwithhungryandnon-hungryparticipantsisnotreliable.D42participantsaretoosmallanumberforaseriousinvestigation.第二篇TheDevelopmentofBalletBalletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.ThefactthatitsurvivestothisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechangedBalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens，aswellasothernobility(貴族)，toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic，poetry,anddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrenchones,courtladiesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressespreventedmuchmovement,theywereabletoperformelaborate(復(fù)雜旳)walkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts,changedtoflatshoes，andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrance,himselfadevoteddancer,foundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.IntheSate1700sanotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwasnolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigs(假發(fā))andcostumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerslearnedtoriseontheirtoestomakeitappearthattheywerefloating.ClassicalballetasweknowittodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropeancountriesinthemid-1800s.Oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresoftheearly20thcenturywasSergeiDiaghilev.Hisdancecompany,theBalletsRusses,broughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet,Oneofhischiefassistants,GeorgeBalanchine,wentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBalletin1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.36ThispassagedealsmainlywithAfamousnamesinballet.BRussianballetChowballethasdevelopedDwhyballetisnolongerpopular37Theword“pageants”inParagraph2meansAdancesBinstructionsCroyalcourtsDbigshows38ProfessionalballetwasfirstperformedinAItalyBFranceCRussiaDAmerica39Whohadanimportantinfluenceonearlyballet?ABalanchine.BAntoinette.CDlaghilev.DLouisXIV.40CanconcludefromthispassagethatballetAisadyingart.Bwillcontinuetochange.CiscurrentlyperformedonlyinRussia.Disoftenperformedbydancerswithlittletraining.第三篇EnergyandPublicLandsTheUnitedStatesboastssubstantialenergyresources.FederallandsprovideagooddealofUSenergyproduction;theUSDepartmentoftheInteriormanagesfederalenergyleasing(租賃)，bothonlandandontheoffshoreOuterContinentalShelf.Productionfromthesesourcesamountstonearly30percentoftotalannualUSenergyproduction.In2023，32percentofUSoil,35percentofnaturalgas,and37percentofcoalwereproducedfromfederallands,representing20,000producingoilandgasleasesand135producingcoalleases.Federallandsarealsoestimatedtocontainapproximately68percentofallundiscoveredUSoilreservesand74percentofundiscoverednaturalgas.Revenuesfromfederaloil,gas,andcoalleasingprovidesignificantreturnstoUStaxpayersaswellasStategovernments.In1999，forexample,$553millionInoilandgasrevenueswerepaidtotheUSTreasury,andnon-Indiancoalleasesaccountedforover$304millioninrevenues,ofwhich50percentwerepaidtoStategovernments.Publiclandsalsoplayacriticalroleinenergydelivery.Eachyear,federallandmanagersauthorize(許可)rightsofwayfortransmissionlines,railsystems,pipelines,andotherfacilitiesrelatedtoenergyproductionanduse.Alternativeenergyproductionfromfederallandsfallsbehindconventionalenergyproduction,thoughtheamountisstillsignificant.Forexample,federalgeothermal(地?zé)?resourcesproduceabout7.5billionkilowatt-hours(千瓦時(shí))ofelectricityperyear,47percentofallelectricitygeneratedfromUSgeothermalenergy.Thereare2,960windturbinesonpubliclandsinCaliforniaalone,producingelectricityforabout300,000people.Federaihydropower(水電)facilitiesproduceabout17percentofailhydropowerproducedintheUnitedStates.BecauseofthegrowingUSthirstforenergyandincreasingpublicuneasewithdependenceonforeignoilsources，pressureonpubliclandstomeetUSenergydemandsisbecomingmoreintense.Publiclandsareavailableforenergydevelopmentonlyaftertheyhavebeenevaluatedthroughthelanduseplanningprocess.Ifdevelopmentofenergyresourcesconflictswithmanagementoruseofotherresources,developmentrestrictionsorimpactmoderationmeasuresmaybeenforced,ormineralproductionmaybebannedaltogether.41Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?APubliclandsareoneofthemainsourcesofrevenues.BPubliclandsplayanimportantroleinenergyproduction.CPubliclandsshouldbedevelopedtoeaseenergyshortage.DPubliclandsstorehugeenergyresourcesforfurtherdevelopment.42WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofpubliclandsintheUS?AHalfofUSenergyisproducedthere.BThemajorityofundiscoverednaturalgasisstoredthere,CMostofcoalwasproducedfromtherein2023,DMostenergyresourcesarereservedthere.43Geothermalresources,windturbines,andhydropowerfacilitiesinParagraph4arecitedasexamplestoillustratethatAalternativeenergyproductionisnolessthanconventionalenergyproduction.Btheyarethemosttypicalconventionalenergyresourcesfrompubliclands.Ctheamountofalternativeenergyproductionfrompubliclandsishuge.Dgeothermalresourcesaremoreimportantthantheothertwo.44ThereisamountingpressureonpubliclandstosatisfyUSenergydemandsbecauseAmanyAmericansareunhappywithenergydevelopmentinforeigncountries.Bquiteafewpubliclandsarebannedforenergydevelopment.CmanyAmericansthinkpubliclandsarebeingabused.DtheUSisdemandingmoreandmoreenergy.45PubliclandscanbeusedforenergydevelopmentwhenAtheygothroughthelanduseplanningprocess.Benergydevelopmentrestrictionsareeffective,Cfederallandmanagersgrantpermissions.Dthereisenoughfederalbudget.補(bǔ)全短文(第46-50題，每題2分，共10分)ADoctorintheHouseBrushingyourteethtwiceadayshouldkeepthedentistaway.Butifagroupofscientificresearchershavetheirwish,itwillmaketherestofyourbodyhealthytoo.(46)ItIsoneofmanygadgets(小裝置)proposedbyengineersanddoctorsattheCenterforFutureHealthinNewYork—othersIncludeapairofglassesthathelptojogyourmemory,andahomecameradesignedtocheckforcancer.Thedevicesseemfanciful,butthebasicprinciplesaresimple.Thegadgetsshouldmakeiteasyforpeopletodetectillnesslongbeforeitstrikesandsoseektreatmentfarearlierthannormal。____________(47)Inthelongrun,thetechnologymayevenpreventillnessbyencouragingustoleadhealthierlives.Intelligentbandages(繃帶)areagoodexample.Powerfulsensorswithinthebandagecouldquicklyidentifytinyamountsofbacteriainawoundanddeterminewhichantibiotics(抗生素)wouldworkbest(48)Socksarelongoverdueforamakeover.Inthefuturetheywillbeabletoautomaticallydetecttheamountofpressureinyourfootandalertyouwhenanulcer(潰瘍)iscomingup.Alltheprojectsshouldhavefar-reachingimplications，butthebiggestsingledevelopmentisamelanoma(黑瘤)monitordesignedtogiveearlywarningsofcancer.(49)Ifaproblemisfound,thesystemwouldadviseyoutogetacheck-upatyourdoctor'ssurgery.Ifallthissoundstroublesome,thenhelpisathand.(50)AstandardcomputerwouldbeabletounderstandyourvoiceandanswerquestionsaboutyoursymptomsinplainEnglishandinawaywhichwouldcalmyournerves.AThecutcouldthenbetreatedInstantly,soavoidingpossiblecomplications.BThedevicecouldbeusedtotakeapictureofyourbodyeachweek,thencompareitwithpreviousimages.CAtoothbrushthatchecksbloodsugarandbacteriawhileyoubrushiscurrentlyindevelopmentinUSA.DInsteadofrelyingonhi-techhospitals,theemphasisisshiftedtothehomeandeasy-to-usegadgets.EExpertsarealsoworkingona"digitaldoctor",completewithacomfortingbedsidemanner.FThatisgoingtobethedifficultpart.完形填空(第51-65題，每題1分，共15分)GiantStructuresItisanimpossibletasktoselectthemostamazingwondersofthemodernworldsinceeveryyearmore(51)constructionsappear.Herearethreegiantstructureswhichareworthyofouradmiration(52)theymayhavebeensurpassedbysomemorerecentwonders.ThePetronasTowersThePetronasTowerswerethetallestbuildingsintheworldwhentheywerecompletedIn1999.(53)aheightof452metres，thetalltwintowers，liketwothinpencils,dominatethecityofKualaLumpur.Atthe41s