Unit1Livingwithtechnology語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)重點(diǎn)詞匯construct,delay,accessible//distribute,percentage,adaptation,sceptical,ample,casual,suitable,reject,oppose,circumstance,typical重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)keepintouchwith,windup,voteon, rid…of重點(diǎn)句型Itisobviousthat…nomatterwhat強(qiáng)調(diào)句型知識(shí)講解重點(diǎn)詞匯construct【原句回放】JohnLogieBairdconstructedthefirstcolourTVin1928,butitwasnotuntil1938thatthefirstcolourTVprogrammewasbroadcast.約翰?洛吉?貝爾德在1928年制造出第一臺(tái)彩色電視機(jī)，但是直到1938年第一個(gè)彩色電視節(jié)目才播出?！军c(diǎn)撥】constructvt.建造，構(gòu)筑，編造，組成Thisfactorywasconstructedbyourcompany.這家工廠是由我們公司建設(shè)的。Thenovelisconstructedfromaseriesofon-the-spotreports.這部小說(shuō)是根據(jù)一系列的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)報(bào)道而構(gòu)思的?！就卣埂縝uild,construct,found,establish,setup的區(qū)別這些動(dòng)詞均有“建設(shè)、建立、建造”之意。build普通用詞，含義廣泛，可指一切具體或抽象的建造或建立。construct較正式用詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)一定計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的規(guī)模較大，結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，要求較高技術(shù)的建造。found側(cè)重打下基礎(chǔ)或創(chuàng)辦，具體或抽象事物均可用。establish著重穩(wěn)固地建成，可具體指國(guó)家、政府、學(xué)?；蛏痰甑鹊慕ⅲ部芍感叛?、信用、名譽(yù)、法律、制度、規(guī)則等的建立。setup作“建立”用時(shí)，側(cè)重于“開(kāi)始”?？芍妇唧w或抽象的建立。delay【原句回放】RegularcolourTVbroadcastsweredelayedintheUKuntil1967.有規(guī)律的彩色電視節(jié)目播放在英國(guó)一直延遲到1967年。【點(diǎn)撥】delayvt.延期，耽擱n.延期，延誤常用搭配：delaydoing延遲做某事adelayof+時(shí)間段耽擱……時(shí)間后withoutdelay立刻，立即Afteradelayofonehour,wecontinuedourjourney.耽擱一小時(shí)后，我們又繼續(xù)旅行。Youneedtogetthosevegetablesplantedwithoutdelay.你需要馬上種下那些蔬菜。Thedriverdelayedthedriveuntiltheweathercleared.駕駛員延遲到天氣轉(zhuǎn)晴后才出車(chē)。Hedelayedtellingherthenews,waitingfortherightmoment.他沒(méi)有馬上告訴她這個(gè)消息，等有適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)再說(shuō)?！就卣埂縫ostpone,delay,putoff的區(qū)另ijpostpone指延期一段時(shí)間等做過(guò)了某件事、了解了某種情況或信息后再去做；delay指因出現(xiàn)了某種障礙而延緩，要延遲到什么時(shí)候還不確定；putoff常指把某事暫擱在一邊直至另外一件事發(fā)生完成。accessible//distribute【原句回放】TheyalsomakeTVaccessibletopeoplewholivefarawayfromcities,andsatellitedishescanoftenbeseendistributedthroughoutthecountrysideandremoteareas,它們也使遠(yuǎn)離城市的人們可以收看電視，而且人造衛(wèi)星天線常常被分布在整個(gè)農(nóng)村和偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。【點(diǎn)撥1】accessibleadj,可得到的，易接近的，可進(jìn)入的，易受影響的，易理解的常用搭配：anaccessibleperson溫和的人accessibleevidence可取得的證據(jù)Thisdatabaseisonlyaccessiblebytheauthorizedmanager.只有授權(quán)的管理員才可以訪問(wèn)此數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。Theinformationoughttobemademoreaccessible.資料應(yīng)該明白易懂。Thisislandisaccessibleonlybyboat.這個(gè)小島只能坐小船去?！就卣埂縜ccessvt.接近，進(jìn)入n,入口，出口；接近；使用的權(quán)力（常與介詞to連用）常用搭配：haveaccess能接近，可以會(huì)見(jiàn)，能進(jìn)入，能使用givesb.accessto答應(yīng)讓某人使用Heonlyhasassesstohischildrenatweekends.他只有在周末才有權(quán)利去看望他的孩子們。Citizensmayhavefreeaccesstothelibrary.市民可以自由使用圖書(shū)館。【點(diǎn)撥2】distributev.分發(fā)，配送，使分布，使散布Clothesandblanketshavebeendistributedtotherefugees.衣物和毯子被分發(fā)給難民。Makesuretheweightoftheloadisevenlydistributed.要保證裝載物的重量均勻分布。【拓展】distributionn.分配，分發(fā)；分布狀態(tài)Theconferencediscussedthefairdistributionofincomeandwealth.會(huì)議討論了公平分配收入和財(cái)富的問(wèn)題。Thetowncouncilpassedalawforbiddingthedistributionofhandbills.市議會(huì)通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)禁止散發(fā)傳單的法令。percentage【原句回放】Ofcourse,onlyasmallpercentageofpeopleownsatellitedishes.當(dāng)然，只有一小部分人擁有自己的衛(wèi)星天線。【點(diǎn)撥】percentagen.百分比，百分率注意：“apercentageof+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后的名詞保持一致。Wehaveonlyasmallpercentageofforeignbooks.我們只有一小部分外文書(shū)。Alargepercentageofthehotel'sincisfromthevisitorstothelakenearby.那家旅館的收入的大部分來(lái)自游覽附近那個(gè)湖的游客。Onlyasmallpercentageofthepatientsarechildren,病人中只有一小部分是兒童?！就卣埂縫ercent百分之 Itisoftenstatedthatweuseonly10percentofourbrain.常有報(bào)告稱人只運(yùn)用了大腦的10%。adaptation【原句回放】Itwasnotuntil1906thatadaptationsweremadesothatradiocouldrelayconversationandmusic.直到1906年人們才做出變通，這樣收音機(jī)就能轉(zhuǎn)播會(huì)話和音樂(lè)了?！军c(diǎn)撥】adaptationn.適應(yīng)，改編本，改寫(xiě)本Hemadeaquickadaptationtothenewenvironment.他很快適應(yīng)了新的環(huán)境。Itisanadaptationofanovelfortelevision.這是一本小說(shuō)改成的電視劇本?！就卣埂縜daptvt.使適應(yīng)；改編常用搭配：adapt(oneself)to適應(yīng)adapt...for…把 改編成beadaptedfrom...由 改編而來(lái)Theauthorisgoingtoadapthisplayfortelevision.作者將把他的劇本改編成電視劇。Thenewstudentsareveryslowtoadapttotherules.新生對(duì)于那些規(guī)定適應(yīng)得很慢。sceptical【原句回放】Sincepeoplewerescepticalthatthepublicwouldwanttohearradiobroadcasts,thebuildingofradiostationswasdelayed.既然人們懷疑公眾會(huì)想聽(tīng)無(wú)線電廣播，建造電臺(tái)被耽擱下來(lái)。【點(diǎn)撥】sceptical的.懷疑的；懷疑論者的(美式拼法為skeptical)常用搭配：takeascepticalattitude持懷疑態(tài)度bescepticalabout/of對(duì)某事懷疑Thepublicremainscepticalofthisclaims.公眾對(duì)這一說(shuō)法仍持懷疑態(tài)度。Maryisscepticalaboutthesolution瑪麗對(duì)這個(gè)解決辦法表示懷疑。Helistenedtomewithascepticalexpression.他聽(tīng)我講話的時(shí)候帶著懷疑的表情?！就卣埂縮ceptically〃v.懷疑地ample【原句回放】IhadboughtmyselfamagazinesinceIhadampletimetowait.由于我有充足的時(shí)間等待，我買(mǎi)了一本雜志。【點(diǎn)撥】ampleadj.充足的，足夠的，富裕的；寬敞的Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney.我們有足夠的錢(qián)去旅游。There'samploomforthechildrenonthebackseat.后座很寬敞足容得下孩子們。Hewasreluctanttoadmitanyoftheampleevidence.他對(duì)這些充分證據(jù)的任何部分都不愿承認(rèn)其有效。【拓展】amplyadv.足夠地；詳細(xì)地；充分地amplenessn.廣大；富裕amplifyv.放大，增強(qiáng)casual【原句回放】Wehadacasualconversationinthewaitingroom.在候診室里面我們隨意交談。【點(diǎn)撥】casualadj.隨便的，非正式的；漠不關(guān)心的；偶然的常用搭配：becasualabout對(duì) 漠不關(guān)心的Hewaswearingcasualclothes,nothisschoolones.他穿著他的便服，不是他的校服。Theplangrewoutofacasualconversation.這個(gè)計(jì)劃出自于一次非正式的談話。Sheiscasualaboutwinningtheprize.她對(duì)獲獎(jiǎng)漠不關(guān)心。suitable【原句回放】Especiallysuitableforpeoplewithareadingdisability...特別對(duì)有閱讀障礙的人合適 【點(diǎn)撥】suitableadj.合適的，適宜的常用搭配：besuitableforsb./sth.適合某人/某物besuitabletodosth.適合做某事Thehouseisnotreallysuitableforsuchalargefamily.這所房子對(duì)這樣的一個(gè)大家庭真的不合適。WouldthisbesuitabletoweartoBob,swedding?這一件適合在鮑勃的婚禮上穿嗎？【拓展1】suitv.適合，相稱；n.一套（衣服），套裝Itisdifficulttofindatimethatsuitseverybody.很難找到一個(gè)對(duì)每人都合適的時(shí)間?！就卣?]suitable和fitsuitable指具有適合于某種特定場(chǎng)合、地位或情況等的品質(zhì)。fit指具有適合于某個(gè)目的，某種工作或某種用途等必需的品質(zhì)或條件。Aftertheinterview,theemployerconcludedthatshewasfitforthejob.面試后老板下結(jié)論說(shuō)她能勝任這項(xiàng)工作。reject【原句回放】TheAmishrejectcarsbecausetheylikehavingtightcommunitieswhereeveryonelivesclosetogether,阿曼門(mén)諾派教徒拒絕用汽車(chē)因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g所有人都住在很近的社區(qū)。【點(diǎn)撥】rejectvt.拒絕，拒收，抵制，擯棄常用搭配：rejectasuggestion/anoffer/adecision拒絕一個(gè)建議/提議/決定Thecommitteehasrejectedtheadviceofaccountants.委員會(huì)拒絕了會(huì)計(jì)們的建議。I,vebeenrejectedbyalltheuniversitiesIappliedto.所有我申請(qǐng)的大學(xué)都沒(méi)錄取我。Afterthetransplanthisbodyrejectedthenewheart.他的身體排斥新移植的心臟?！就卣埂勘嫖觯簉efuse和rejectrefuse是普通用詞，后接雙賓語(yǔ)名詞或不定式；reject用于正式場(chǎng)合，如外交或商業(yè)條款等，另外還有“拋棄、剔除”之義，后常接名詞。oppose【原句回放】SincetheAmishvalueseeingeachotherfacetoface,theyopposehavingtelephonesintheirhouses.因?yàn)榘⒙T(mén)諾派教徒重視彼此面對(duì)面交流，所以他們反對(duì)在住宅里裝電話。【點(diǎn)撥】opposevt.反對(duì)，抵制，對(duì)抗常用搭配：beopposedtosth.反對(duì)，相對(duì)（注意to是介詞）opposedoingsth.反對(duì)做某事Hethrewallthosethatopposedhimintoprison.他把反對(duì)他的人都投入監(jiān)獄。Manyresidentsareopposedtotheplanofbuildingthemotorway.許多居民反對(duì)修建那條高速公路的計(jì)劃。I,mmuchopposedtoyourgoingabroad.我非常反對(duì)你出國(guó)?！就卣?】opposedadj.反對(duì)的，對(duì)立的（常與介詞to連用）Sheremainedbitterlyopposedtotheideaofmovingabroad.她仍然激烈地反對(duì)移居到國(guó)外的想法?！就卣?】oppose和objectoppose表示采取積極行動(dòng)來(lái)反對(duì)，著重動(dòng)作，反對(duì)的對(duì)象常為較重大的事；object指?jìng)€(gè)人不贊成某事，或由于與個(gè)人有關(guān)而提出反對(duì)意見(jiàn)；oppose可以作及物動(dòng)詞，而object一般是不及物動(dòng)詞，接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常加介詞to。Hedoesn,topposetheplanatall.他根本不反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。Sheobjectstobeingscoldedinpublic,她不想被當(dāng)眾斥責(zé)。circumstance【原句回放】Forexample,nomatterwhatthecircumstances,whenthephonerings,everythingstopssothatthecallcanbeanswered.例如，無(wú)論在什么情況下，當(dāng)電話鈴響起時(shí)，為了接電話，一切都得停下來(lái)?！军c(diǎn)撥】circumstance〃.情形，情況，環(huán)境（常用復(fù)數(shù)）常用搭配：under/inthecircumstances在此情況下；情況既然如此undernocircumstances（二innocase）無(wú)論如何不；決不（注意：此短語(yǔ)放句首，句子倒裝）Whatwerethecircumstancesthatledyoutotelephonethepolice?是什么情況使你打電話給警察的？Helivesinpoorcircumstances.他境況不好。UndernocircumstanceswillIbelieveyou.無(wú)論如何，我都不會(huì)相信你。typical【原句回放】Forsomereason,atypicalmobilephonecallisnearlyalwaysgivengreaterimportancethanaface-to-faceconversation.由于某些原因，典型的手機(jī)電話幾乎總比面對(duì)面的交流更重要?！军c(diǎn)撥】typicaladj.典型的，有代表性的常用搭配：betypicalof典型的，……有代表性的It,stypicalofsb.todosth.某人一向如此做某事Snowistypicalofwinterinthenorth.雪是北方冬天的特征。Thepaintingisfairlytypicalofhisearlyworks.這幅畫(huà)是他早期作品中相當(dāng)?shù)湫偷囊环?huà)。Itistypicalofhimtotakehardjobs.搶重活干就是他的特點(diǎn)。重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)keepintouchwith【原句回放】Withmobilephones,wecankeepintouchwithotherswhereverweare.有了手機(jī)，無(wú)論我們?cè)谀睦锒伎梢月?lián)系其他人。【點(diǎn)撥】keepintouchwith與 保持聯(lián)系ImetherwhenIwasastudent,andIhavekeptintouchwithhereversince.我是學(xué)生的時(shí)候遇見(jiàn)她，以后我們一直保持著聯(lián)系。Itisimportanttokeepintouchwiththelatestresearch.及時(shí)掌握最新的研究情況很重要?！就卣埂坑嘘P(guān)touch的短語(yǔ)stayintouchwith...與 保持聯(lián)系beintouchwith...與 保持聯(lián)系getintouchwith...與 取得聯(lián)系 outoftouchwith...與 沒(méi)有聯(lián)系losetouchwith...與 失去聯(lián)系Ifwecanhelpyoufurther,pleasedon,thesitatetogetintouchwithus.如果我們可以進(jìn)一步幫助你，請(qǐng)與我們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系。Tobefrankwithyou,I,vebeenoutoftouchwithmostofmyoldfriends.實(shí)話告訴你，我和大部分的老朋友們都失去聯(lián)系了。Theoldmenbegantolosetouchwithreality.這位老人開(kāi)始與現(xiàn)實(shí)脫節(jié)。windup【原句回放】Thefirstrecordplayershadtobewoundupbyhandandonlyplayedrecordsthatweretwominuteslong.最早的留聲機(jī)必須手搖上發(fā)條，而且只能播放兩分鐘長(zhǎng)的唱片?！军c(diǎn)撥】windup卷起，上緊……發(fā)條；使結(jié)束Pleasewindupthewires.請(qǐng)卷起這些電線。Whattimeisit?Iforgottowindupmywatch.幾點(diǎn)了？我忘了給手表上發(fā)條了。Let,sseeifwecanwindthisupby7o,clock.看看咱們能不能在7點(diǎn)前把這個(gè)弄完?！就卣埂縲indvt.(wound,wound)上發(fā)條；纏，繞；蜿蜒，迂回n.風(fēng)常用搭配：windsth.aroundsth.纏繞；卷繞windone,sway蜿蜒；曲折延伸ThenarrowroadwindsitswayuptothetopofMountainTai.狹窄的道路彎彎曲曲，通往泰山山頂。Sheaskedmetowindthewoolforher.她叫我?guī)退@毛線。Thenursewoundabandagearoundmyleg.護(hù)士用繃帶包扎我的腿。voteon【原句回放】Theythenvoteonwhethertheywillacceptit.然后他們投票表決是否接受它?！军c(diǎn)撥】voteon就……投票表決Ifwecan,tagree,we,llhavetovoteonit.如果意見(jiàn)不統(tǒng)一，我們就得投票表決。Attheendofthemeeting,avotewastakenonthemotion.會(huì)議結(jié)束前對(duì)該項(xiàng)提議進(jìn)行了表決?！就卣埂縱oten.選舉權(quán)，投票，選舉，投票結(jié)果v.表決，選舉，投票常用搭配：votefor投票贊成voteagainst投票反對(duì)votetodosth.投票去做某事Unionmembersvotedtoacceptthemanagement,soffer.工會(huì)會(huì)員表決接受資方的提議。Twenty-twovotedforitandfourteenvotedagainstit.22人投票贊成，14人反對(duì)。Isuggestedputtingthemattertoavote,butthechairmanobjectedtoit.我建議對(duì)此事投票表決，但主席表示反對(duì)。rid??.of【原句回放】Maybeweshouldridourselvesofmoderntechnologyandreturntosimplertimes.也許我們應(yīng)該擺脫現(xiàn)代技術(shù)回歸更為簡(jiǎn)單的時(shí)代?！军c(diǎn)撥】ridoneselfof擺脫，去掉Thegovernmentistryingtoridthepeopleofhunger.政府正在努力使人們擺脫饑餓。Youshouldridyourselfofthatbadhabit.你應(yīng)該戒除那個(gè)壞習(xí)慣?！就卣埂縭idvt.&n.（rid,rid）擺脫，去除，丟棄常用搭配：getridof免除;擺脫（表動(dòng)作）beridofsb./sth.擺脫某人/某事物（表狀態(tài)）wantridofsb./sth.想擺脫某人/某物It,sabouttimeyougotridofthatoldgas-guzzlingcar.該是你把那輛破舊的油老虎汽車(chē)扔掉的時(shí)候了。Hewasatlastridofthetoothache.他終于不牙疼了。重點(diǎn)句型Itisobviousthat???【原句回放】Itwasobviousthathewassufferinggreatpainwhenhetalked.顯而易見(jiàn)的是，他說(shuō)話的時(shí)候遭受了很大的痛苦?！军c(diǎn)撥】Itisobviousthat…顯而易見(jiàn)， .此句型中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。.形容詞obvious可以用某些形容詞代替，常用的有：clear,necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,strange,normal.形容詞如果是necessary,strange,important,essential,此句型的that從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。It,sclearthattheybadlyneedhelp.很明顯，他們急需援助。Itislikelythatahurricanewillarrivesoon.很可能颶風(fēng)馬上就要到達(dá)。Itisnecessarythatyou（should）masterthecomputer.你很有必要掌握電腦。【拓展】類(lèi)似句型：It+be+名詞詞組+that從句常用于此句型的名詞詞組有：afact,agoodidea,apity,anhonor,ashame,nowonder,goodnews等。It,sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.你沒(méi)有看那部電影真是太遺憾了。It+be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句常用的過(guò)去分詞有：said,reported,hoped,believed,expected,decided,wellknown等。Itiswellknownthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。It+seems/happens/appears/doesn,tmatter/makesnodifference+that從句。IthappenedthatIhadseenthefilm.碰巧我已看過(guò)了那部電影。nomatterwhat【原句回放】Forexample,nomatterwhatthecircumstances,whenthephonerings,everythingstopssothatthecallcanbeanswered.例如，無(wú)論在什么情況下，當(dāng)電話鈴聲響起時(shí)，為了接電話，一切都得停下來(lái)。【點(diǎn)撥】nomatterwhat無(wú)論什么nomatterwhat引