課時(shí)作業(yè)38InventorsandinventionsI.閱讀理解（江西臨川第二高三模擬）AlmosteverybodyinAmericawillspendapartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingCcirt.Theywillinalifetime,pushthechrome-platedcontraptionsmanymiles.Butfewwi11know-oreventhinktoask-whoitwasthatinventedthem.SylvanN.Goldmaninventedtheshoppingcartin1937.Atthattimehewasinthesupermarketbusiness.Everydayhowouldseeshopperslugginggroceriesaroundinbasketstheyhadtocarry.OnedayGoldmansuddenlyhadtheideaofputtingbasketsonwheels.Thewheeledbasketswouldmakeshoppingmucheasierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.OnJune4,1937,Goldman'sfirstcartswerereadyforuseinhismarket.Hewasterriblyexcitedonthemorningofthatdayascustomersbeganarriving.Hecouldn，twaittoseethemusinghisinvention.ButGoldmanwasdisappointed.Mostshoppersgavethecartsalonglook,buthardlyanybodywouldgivethematry.Afterawhile,Goldmandecidedtoaskcustomerswhytheyweren'tusinghiscarts.“Don'tyouthinkthisarmisstrongenoughtocarryashoppingbasket?”oneshopperreplied.ButGo1dmanwasn'tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswou1dbeagreatsuccessifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.Tothisend,Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketandpretendtheywereshopping!Seeingthis,therealcustomersgraduallybegancopyingthephony（假的）customers.AsGoldmanhadhoped,thecartsweresoonattractinglargerandlargernumbersofcustomerstohismarket.Butnotonlydidmorepeoplee一thosewhocameboughtmore.Withlargereasier-to-handlebaskets,customersunconsciouslyboughtagreaternumberofitemsthanbefore.Today*sshoppingcartsarefivetimeslargerthanGoldman*soriginalmodel.PerhapsthatisonereasonwhyAmericanstodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937-theingoftheshoppingcart.本文是一篇記敘文。講述了購物車的發(fā)展史。購物車的發(fā)明者SylvanN.Goldman為了使購物簡易化，也為了擴(kuò)大生意，發(fā)明了購物車。而現(xiàn)在購物車也有了很大變化，更加適應(yīng)顧客需求。Whatdotheunderlinedwordsuchrome-platedcontraptions”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Baskets.B.Privatecars.C.Suitcases.D.Shoppingcarts.答案：D解析：詞義猜測題。由全文大意以及第一段內(nèi)容和“shoppingcart”可知，畫線處所在句句意為“他們的一生中將推購物車數(shù)英里”。WhatwasthepurposeofGoldman，sinvention?Itwastoprovehimtobeagoodinventor.Itwastoreducetheburdenofhisemployees1work.Itwastomakeshoppingeasierandattractmorebusiness.Itwastohelpthedisabledmakeshoppingeasilyinhismarket.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Thewheeledbasketswou1dmakeshoppingmucheasierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.“可知，SylvanN.Goldman是為了吸引顧客以及讓購物簡易化而發(fā)明帶輪子的購物車。Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketinordertoattractpeopletobuythingsinhismarketencouragepeopletousehisshoppingcartsmakehismarketdifferentfromtheotherskeepthegroceriesfrombeingstolen答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第七段“ButGoldmanwasn'tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswouldbeagreatsuccessifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.”可知,SylvanN.Goldman是為了鼓勵(lì)人們使用推車。Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?Go1dmanwillbeeveryfamousbecauseofhisinvention.Goldman*sinventionwillberegardedasthegreatestoneintheworld.SupermarketbusinesshasbenefitedalotfromGoldman'sinvention.TherewillbenothingthatcanreplaceGoldman*sinvention.答案：C解析：推理判斷題。最后一段"PerhapsthatisonereasonwhyAmericanstodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937-theingoftheshoppingcart.w意為隨著購物車體積增大人們購物消費(fèi)也變多了。推理可知購物車促進(jìn)了商業(yè)發(fā)展。II.閱讀填句（遼寧沈陽模擬）Mostcarshaveseatbeltsaspartoftheirequipment.Seatbeltsprotectdriversandpassengersincaseofaccidents.Theyalsoreducetheeffectofacrashonthebody.LWorldwide,thedeviceshaveprotecteduptoamillionpeople.Arnericafirstrecognizedtheinventionofanautomobileseatbeltin1849.ThegovernmentgaveapatenttoanengineernamedEdwardClaghornofNewYorkCitysothatotherswouldnotcopyhisinventionofasafetydevice.?ThisearlyversionofScifetybeltwassaidtoincludehooksandotherattachmentsforsecuringthepersontoafixedobject.Otherinventorsfollowedwithdifferentversionsoftheseatbelt.3Itresultedfromthewoi'kofaSwedishengineer,NilsBohlin.Histhree-point,lapandshoulderseatbeltfirstappearedoncarsinEurope50yearsago.NilsBohlinrecognizedthatboththeupperandlowerbodyneededtobeheldsecurelyinplace.Hisinventioncontainedaclothstrap（帶子）thatwasplacedacrossthechestandanotherstrapacrossthehips.1Volvowasthefirstpanytoofferthemodernseatbelttoitscars.ThispanyalsoprovideduseofNilsBohlin*sdesigntoothercarmakers.§HereceivedagoldmedalfromtheRoyalSwedishAcademyofEngineeringSciencesin1995.HediedinSwedenin2002.Thedesignjoinedthestrapsnexttothehip.Claghorncalledhisinventionasafetybelt.TheSwedishengineerwonmanyhonorsforhisseatbelt.I）.Claghornwasapromisingyoungengineerwithmanyhonorsal1his1ife.Butmorethan100yearspassedbeforethecurrentseatbeltwasdeveloped.SafetyexpertssaythatseatboltssavethousandsoflivesayearinAmericaalone.TherearemanypaniesadoptingNilsBohlin*sinventionoftheseatbelt..巳解析：根據(jù)后面的wWorldwide,thedeviceshaveprotecteduptoamillionpeople.（安全帶挽救了世界上一百多萬人的生命）”可知，此處先說安全帶在美國的作用，再說安全帶在全世界的作用。故F項(xiàng)符合語境。.殳解析：前面一句“ThegovernmentgaveapatenttoanengineernamedEdwardClaghornofNewYorkCitysothatotherswouldnotcopyhisinventionofasafetydevice.M交代這項(xiàng)安全裝置的發(fā)明者申請了專利，接下來應(yīng)該是發(fā)明者對該發(fā)明的命名。B項(xiàng)符合語境。.支解析：根據(jù)前一句“Otherinventorsfollowedwithdifferentversionsoftheseatbelt.”可知其他的發(fā)明者發(fā)明出不同款式的安全帶，接著應(yīng)該敘述現(xiàn)在的安全帶的樣式是如何形成的。故E項(xiàng)符合上下文。.憶解析：從本段的第一句可知NilsBohlin認(rèn)為身體的上端和下端都需要安全地固定在某個(gè)地方；所以接下來的兩句描述他的發(fā)明是如何做到這一點(diǎn)的。故A項(xiàng)銜接上一句。.Q解析：根據(jù)下一句"HereceivedagoldmedalfromtheRoyalSwedishAcademyofEngineeringSciencesin1995.”可知安全帶的發(fā)明者獲得了很多榮譽(yù),故C項(xiàng)為本段的主題句。HL語法填空（山東青島質(zhì)量檢測）Iworkedforalargepanyandonedayaspartofateambuildingexercise,eachleaderdescribedwhotheirherowasandwhy.Aswewentaroundtheroom,wgheardaboutI(lead)ofgreatpowers,CEOs,billionaires,politicians,cindmoviestars.Whentheycame2(gain)myfeedback,atfirstIwasalittle3(embarrass).Yousee,myherois480-year-oldshoeshineman!Youaskwhy.Onedaywhilehe§(shine)myshoes,Iaskedhimsomequestionsabouthislife.Idiscoveredthatthispersonhadputeverysingleoneofhischildrenthroughcollegeonhisshoeshinewageanddecidedtogivethemag(good)lifethanhehad.Iwas工(total)blownawaythatthispersonhaddevotedhisentireexistencetohischildrenandwassti11shiningshoesafter50yearsofdoingso.MrJohnsonhadsuchahappyandwonderfulspiritinsidehim8hetouchedeverysingleclient.BesuretowishI9trackdownthisamazingpersontotellhimheismyhero.Bynowhewouldlikelybe95yearsoldormore.Whatan10(inspire)personheisandhasbeen!本文是?篇記敘文。作者講述了自己的偶像位普通的擦鞋老人，以及他是如何成為自己的偶像的故事。leaders解析:考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)下文的“CEOs,billionaires,politicians,andmoviestars”可知，此處應(yīng)為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。t。gain解析:考查不定式。不定式在這里作目的狀語。emba門、asscd解析:考查形容詞。be動(dòng)詞后接形容詞作表語。embarrassed"困窘的，不好意思的”。晅解析：考查不定冠詞。此處表泛指，且80-year-old以元音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞anowasshining解析:考查謂語動(dòng)詞。分析語境可知，此處應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示過去正在進(jìn)行的某一動(dòng)作。bettor解析:考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)下文的“thanhehad”可知，此處用比較級(jí)better0totally解析:考查副詞。此處副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。that解析:考查連詞。分析句子可知，該句考查“such...that...”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。could解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，此處用could表示“過去的能力”，符合語境。inspiring解析:考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式。inspiring修飾person,意思是“鼓舞人心的”。IV.短文改錯(cuò)(四川成都開發(fā)區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測)WhenJackbowedtosomeone,healwaysdiditmuchtooquickly.Theyneedn,ttowaitanylongerafterhefinishednoddinghishead.Sohewasblamedforbadmanner.Thenawarm-heartedmanteacheshim,“Whenyoubowtosomebodynexttime,youcancounttheJanuary,February,March,unti1December.Thenyoucanliftyourbody.Thus,theceremonywi11almostperfect.wThenextday,hemethisuncle,buthedidasthemantoldhim.Thebowwastoolongthatitmadehisuncleescapesoonwithasurprisinglook.WhenJeicklookeddown,hefoundhisunclegone.Soheaskedapasser-by,“Inwhichmonthdidshegoaway?”答案與解析WhenJackbowedtosomeone,healwaysdiditmuchtooquickly.Theyneedn't配waitanylongerafterhefinishednoddinghishead.Sohewasblamedforbadmanner.Thenawarm-heartedmanteacheshim,“Whenyoubowtosomebodynexttime,nannerstaughtyoucancounttheJanuary,February,March,untilDecember.Thenyoucanliftyourbody.Thus,theceremonywi11Aalmostperfect."Thenextday,hemethisuncle,bebuthedidasthemantoldhim.Thebowwastoolongthatitmadehisuncleescapeandsosoonwithasurprisinglook.WhenJacklookeddown,hefoundhisunclegone.Soxurprixedupheaskedapasser-by,“Inwhichmonthdidshegoaway?”he去掉to考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。此處用了needn't,表明need用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形，去掉to。manner-*manners考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的用法。manner意為“態(tài)度、禮貌”時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。teaches-taught考查時(shí)態(tài)。本文講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，熱心人是“過去”教他，故謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)。去掉th?？疾楣谠~。月份的前面不需要定冠詞，去掉the。will后加be考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。引號(hào)中的話為直接引語，will為助動(dòng)詞，perfect為形容詞，需要補(bǔ)充be動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成將來時(shí)的“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。but-*and考查連詞?！?..hemethisuncle"和"hedidas...”