Period3DiscoveringUsefulStructuresRestrictiverelativeclausesStepI探究歸納感知以下句子，完成方框下的小題1．ThisisthebestTVsetthatismadeinChina.2．Pleasejusttellmeanythingthatyouknowabouttheauthorofthebook.3．Theboyandhisdogthatwerebelievedtobelostinthewoodwererescuedthismorning.4．Johnistheboywhoselegswerebadlyinjuredintheaccident.5．Thisisaplacewherechildrencanplaywithoutdanger.6．Wealllookforwardtothedaywhenasimplemedicaltestcanfindcancerwhileitisstillsmall.7．Thereasonwhyshewaslatefortheexamwasthatshegotstuckinatrafficjam.1．句1－3中的定語(yǔ)從句由that引導(dǎo)，這是因?yàn)橄刃性~被最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞及only，any修飾時(shí)，或者先行詞是不定代詞、先行詞包括人和物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用that。2.第4句用whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，是因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中缺少定語(yǔ)，whose在從句中充當(dāng)此成分。3．根據(jù)第5－7句可知，當(dāng)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，缺地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)由where引導(dǎo)，缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用when引導(dǎo)，缺少原因狀語(yǔ)用why引導(dǎo)。StepII.限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)限制先行詞的意義，在講話時(shí)不需停頓，書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)，通常由關(guān)系代詞that，which，who，whom，whose，as和關(guān)系副詞when，where，why引導(dǎo)。一、基本概念1．先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞(有時(shí)是短語(yǔ)或句子)叫作先行詞。如下列句中加黑部分就是先行詞。Shehasfoundthenecklacethatshelosttwoweeksago.她找到了她那條丟失兩周的項(xiàng)鏈。Asageneralrule，themostsuccessfulmaninlifeisthemanwhohasthebestinformation.一般說(shuō)來(lái)，生活中最成功的人是獲得最佳信息的人。Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere?你記不記得我們到這兒的那一天？2．關(guān)系詞：用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞叫關(guān)系詞。它包括關(guān)系代詞(that，which，who，whom，whose，as)和關(guān)系副詞(when，where，why)。關(guān)系詞在從句中一定要擔(dān)任成分。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)；關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。We’regoingtodosomethingthathasneverbeendonebefore.(作主語(yǔ))Heisamanwhomweshouldalllearnfrom.(作賓語(yǔ))Helivesinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.(作定語(yǔ))Heisnolongerthepersonthatheusedtobe.(作表語(yǔ))AtthetimewhenIsawhim，hewaswell.(作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))Theystillliveinthesamehousewheretheylivedtenyearsago.(作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))ThatisthereasonwhyIamnotinfavorofrevisingtheplan.(作原因狀語(yǔ))[溫馨提示](1)作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞?？墒∪ァＨ纾篢herearesomefilms(that)I’dliketosee.(2)因?yàn)殛P(guān)系詞在從句中已經(jīng)擔(dān)任了某一成分，所以關(guān)系詞所代指的先行詞在從句中不要再出現(xiàn)。下面的句子都有錯(cuò)誤：MrsSmithwhomyoumetheryesterdayisafriendofmine.(去掉her)Guilinisacitywhichithasahistoryof2,000years.(去掉it)Thisistheplacewheremymotherwasbornthere.(去掉there)TherearemomentswhenIforgotallaboutitthen.(去掉then)二、關(guān)系詞的種類(lèi)和功能種類(lèi)功能(在從句中所擔(dān)任的成分)關(guān)系代詞that主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)(代替人或物)which主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(代替物)who主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(代替人)whom賓語(yǔ)(代替人)whose定語(yǔ)(代替人或物)as主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)(代替人或物)關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(代替表時(shí)間的先行詞)where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(代替表地點(diǎn)的先行詞)why原因狀語(yǔ)(先行詞是reason)用作關(guān)系代詞，既可指人也可指物，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。Ishethemanthatsellseggs？他是賣(mài)雞蛋的那個(gè)人嗎？(作主語(yǔ)，指人)Waterthatisimpureoftencausesseriousillness.水不清潔常會(huì)引起重病。(作主語(yǔ)，指物)2．which用作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)一般指物，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.她不在剛才到達(dá)的那列火車(chē)上。(作主語(yǔ))Thisisthebookwhichyouwanted.這就是你想要的那本書(shū)。(作賓語(yǔ))3．who只指人，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’shealth.醫(yī)生是關(guān)照人們健康的人。(作主語(yǔ))ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.我見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人名叫史密斯。(作賓語(yǔ))4．whom用作關(guān)系詞，只指人，在從句中一般作賓語(yǔ)。Thegentlemanwhomsheencounteredaddressedherwithcourtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有禮貌地和她講話。(作賓語(yǔ))5．whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)，既可指人也可指物。You’retheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.只有你的話他可能會(huì)聽(tīng)。(指人)I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.我想要一個(gè)窗戶面臨大海的房間。(指物)6．when的先行詞須是表時(shí)間的詞，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.七八月是天氣很熱的月份。7．where的先行詞須是表地點(diǎn)的名詞，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。She’sgoinghomewhereshecanrest.她要回家休息了。[溫馨提示]關(guān)系副詞where的先行詞也可是有地點(diǎn)含義的抽象名詞(如point，case，situation，condition等)。Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.他已到了需要改弦易轍的地步。(point在此是抽象名詞)8．why的先行詞只有reason，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly?你知道我為什么早走嗎？三、that和which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1．which可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，that不可以。Hehadfailedinthemathsexam，whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試不及格，這讓他父親很生氣。2．which之前可有介詞，that之前不能有介詞。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive.這是魯迅過(guò)去住過(guò)的房子。3．當(dāng)先行詞是all，everything，nothing，something，anything，much，little，few等不定代詞時(shí)，常用that。ThatisallthatIwanttosay.那就是我想說(shuō)的一切。Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.沒(méi)有什么能阻止他這樣做。4．先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，多用that。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他們?cè)诠鹆謪⒂^的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。5．先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，多用that。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。6．先行詞被thevery，theonly，thejust等修飾時(shí)，多用that。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.這正是我想買(mǎi)的字典。MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他唯一認(rèn)識(shí)的外國(guó)人。7．先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)，用that。Thepassengersandthesuitcasesthatwerestillwaitinghadtobetransferredtoanotherplane.仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飛機(jī)。[溫馨提示]1．way作先行詞，若從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，則用that或inwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，也可省略關(guān)系詞。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.我不喜歡他跟他父母講話的方式。2．關(guān)系副詞可由“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”代替。Iwillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIworkedthere.我將永遠(yuǎn)記住我在那兒工作的那一天。MyfavoritecityisBeijingwhere/inwhichIcanvisittheGreatWall.我最喜歡的城市是北京，在那里我可以參觀長(zhǎng)城。StepIIIPracticeⅠ.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1．Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswho/thathadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)2．Inthecafe，customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthat/whichiscreatedforthem.(2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ)3．Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife，takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(資源)．(2019·北京)4．Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.(2019·天津)5．Ontheedgeofthejacket，thereisapieceofcloththat/whichgivesofflightinthedark.(2019·浙江)6．(1)Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.(2)ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedlastyear.7．(1)Thereasonthat/whichhegaveisunbelievable.(2)ThereasonwhyIwentwasthatIwantedtomeetyourfriends.8．(1)Idon’tlikethewaythat/in

whichshedealswiththeproposal.(2)Idon’tlikethewaythat/whichyoutaughtme.9．(1)Iwon’tforgetthedaywhen/on

whichItookpartinthesportsmeeting.(2)Iwon’tforgetthedaythat/whichIspentwithyouonthefarm.10．(1)Therewasonepointthat/whichwemustinsiston.(2)Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareerwheresheneededtodecidewhattodo.Ⅱ.用定語(yǔ)從句把下面的句子合并起來(lái)11．Thisisthegoestotheuniversity.This

is

the

bus

that/which

goes

to

the

university.12．Doyouremembertheplace?Weallusedtomeetthere.Do

you

remember

the

place

where

we

all

used

to

meet?13．Thereareanumberofareconsideringthem.There

are

a

number

of

protests

that/which

we

are

considering.14．Wetookinahadbeenabandonedbyitsformerowner.We

took

in

a

dog

that/which

had

been

abandoned

by

its

former

owner.15．Inthecorridortherewasanoticestudentswerelookingatit.In

the