三級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)第一節(jié)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：講工2種特別關(guān)注：1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特殊用法；2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)；3、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)4、現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)5、過(guò)去完畢時(shí)：6、將來(lái)完畢時(shí);7、現(xiàn)在完畢進(jìn)行完畢時(shí)；8、過(guò)去完畢進(jìn)行時(shí)。一、一般現(xiàn)在式:△特殊用法：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)從句（if,unless）中表達(dá)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作:4A.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（before,afteruntiI1zassoonas,when）：Theywillgohomeforwintervocationassoonasthey_finish_theirexams.AWhenthemixture_isheated,itwi1Igiveoffapowerfulforce.34.z/WhenareyougoingtovisityouruncleinChicago?w''AssoonasD.wecomp1eteourworkfortomorrow."（03/11A）*B.條件狀語(yǔ)（if,unless）：we'1Igofishingifweatherisgoodtomorrow.D.改為isfree。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來(lái)。2023年試題AIcan'tgotoyourbirthdaypartyunlessmyfatheragrees,a除非我爸爸批準(zhǔn),否則我去不了你的生日會(huì)二、一般過(guò)去時(shí).：（要掌握常用不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞形式，40個(gè)左右）1、簡(jiǎn)樸陳述去過(guò)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)：wou1ddoa2、usedtodosth過(guò)去經(jīng)常做（現(xiàn)在不做了）；beusedtodoing習(xí)慣于做......（現(xiàn)在還在做）Weusedtoswimintheriverwhenwewereinthecountryside.a我們過(guò)去常在河里游泳。（現(xiàn)在不了）TheoldmanisusedtogettingupearIyinthemorning.老人習(xí)慣早起3A、Itis...timesince+從句引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，since后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)（自從…以來(lái)）

honed36、YououghttoBtohavereportedthemattertothemanagerthedaybeforeyesterday.否認(rèn)式表達(dá)不該做的事情做了Theyshouldnothaveleftsosoon.他們不應(yīng)當(dāng)這么早就走的Shewasveryunhappy.YououghtnottohavehurtherfeeIing.她當(dāng)時(shí)夠難受了你不應(yīng)當(dāng)再傷害她▲三、would(not)havedone表達(dá)過(guò)去沒(méi)有完畢的動(dòng)作,多和虛擬語(yǔ)氣連用，不含批評(píng)意思49.Marysaidtome,''HadIseenyourbag,Iittoyou(D,0404卜A.willreturnB.mustreturnC.couldreturnD.wouIdhavereturned四、couId+havedone表達(dá)過(guò)去存在的某種也許性，但這種也許性山于客觀條件限制沒(méi)能實(shí)現(xiàn)。表達(dá)對(duì)過(guò)去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遺憾?！穀oucouldhavemadeamoredetailedplan.你本可以做出更詳盡的計(jì)劃。aHecouldhavejoinedus,buthedidn'tgetourinvitationintime.他本來(lái)可以參與我們的，但是他沒(méi)有收到我們的請(qǐng)貼。第四節(jié)虛擬語(yǔ)氣（每次考試一般占4-5分）A所表達(dá)的條件主線不也許實(shí)現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的也許性很小，稱為虛擬條件句。虛擬條件句,主句與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式可分為下面三類：A假設(shè)類型條件從句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)果主句的動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反if+過(guò)去式（be只用were不用was）would/shouId/might/could+動(dòng)詞原型

與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反ifhad+去過(guò)度詞would/shou1d/might/cou1d+have+過(guò)去分詞▲與將來(lái)事實(shí)也許相反ifwereto+動(dòng)詞原形ifshouId+動(dòng)詞原形would/shou1d/might/cou1d+Id+動(dòng)詞原形Ifhehadtime,hewouldcome.Ifhehadtime,hewouldcome.Ifhehadtime,hewouldcome.假如有時(shí)間，他一定來(lái)。Ifhehadtime,hewouldcome.假如有時(shí)間，他一定來(lái)。（已通過(guò)去乂A.現(xiàn)在事實(shí)IwouIwou1dcertainlygoifIhadtime.Iwou1dcertainlygoifIhadtime.假如我有時(shí)間當(dāng)然去。qIfhewerehere,hemighthelpyou.假如他在這也許幫能你。、Iwou1daskGeIwou1dcertainlygoifIhadtime.假如我有時(shí)間當(dāng)然去。qIfhewerehere,hemighthelpyou.假如他在這也許幫能你。、Iwou1daskGeorgetolendusthemoneyifIhim.（C,95年）A.hadknownB.haveknownC.knewD.knowB.過(guò)去事實(shí)5959、IfBob59、IfBobwit59、IfBobwithus,hewoulhavehagoodtime.A.wouIdcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.hadcomeD.time.A.wouIdcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.hadcomeD.9,95年）carnetC.將來(lái)事實(shí)wewouldstatewewouldstatewewouldstateathomeitshouldntwewouldstateathomeitshouldntomoIfIway.weretodotheexaminationIwoulditsomeothe注意a⑴條件從句中，假如具有be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,had,shouId或動(dòng)詞tohave，可省略if,要倒裝，即把這些詞放到主語(yǔ)前面。41.youwerebusy,IwouIdn'thavebotheredyouwithmyqucstions.（Bz96年）way.A.IfIrea1izedB.HadIrealizedC.DidIhaverealizedthatD.asIrea1ized57.Hadtheweatherbeengood,thechildrenoutforawa1k.（2023）A.hadgoneB.couldhavegoneC.wouldgoD.went

答：B.當(dāng)虛擬語(yǔ)氣中具有were,had,shouId,w。uld等詞時(shí)，可以省略if,把這些詞放在主語(yǔ)之前。ShouldImeether,IwouldtelIher.萬(wàn)?我見(jiàn)到他，我會(huì)告訴他的。WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.假如我處在你的位置上，我會(huì)做的更好。Hadtheymadepreparations,theywouIdhavesucceeded.假如他們準(zhǔn)備了的話，他們應(yīng)當(dāng)能成功的。本句為和過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,因此選B。321.theadviceofhisfriendszhewouIdnothavesufferedsuchaheavyIossinhisbusiness.(Dz0404AA.IfhetookB.IfheshouldtakeC.WerehetotakeD.HadhetakenAA⑵條件從句有時(shí)可以用介詞短語(yǔ)代替。有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表達(dá)，而用其它方式來(lái)表達(dá),這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。常用with,without,butfor?wecouldn'thaveachievedsomuchwithoutyourhelp.要不是你們幫忙我們不會(huì)取得這么大的成績(jī)36A.Butformyclassmates,help,Itheworkintime.(D.0404)A.didnotfinishB.cou1dnotfinishC.wil1notfinishD.wou1dnothavefinisheda32.Withoutheatandsunlight,p1antsontheearthwell.(A,0411>A.wou1dnotgrowB.willnotgrowC.hadnotgrownD.wouIdnotbegrown⑵條件從句行時(shí)可以用介詞短語(yǔ)代替。有時(shí)一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況不用條件從句表達(dá)，而用其它方式來(lái)表達(dá)，這樣的句子叫含蓄條件句。常用with,without,butforoWecou1dnzthaveachievedsomuchwithoutyourhelp.a要不是你們幫忙我們不會(huì)取得這么大的成績(jī)36.Butformyc1assmates'help,Itheworkintime.(D,0404)A.didnotfinishB.couldnotfinishC.willnotfinishD.wouldnothavefinished32.Withoutheatandsunlight,plantsontheearthwell.(A.0411)aA.wouldnotgrowB.wiI1notgrowC.hadnotgrownD.wouldnotbegrow二、以wish(that)引導(dǎo)的表達(dá)''愿望"的賓語(yǔ)從句，虛擬語(yǔ)氣中時(shí)態(tài)類似在非真實(shí)條件從句中時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用一時(shí)態(tài)后移，引導(dǎo)從句的that可以省略上⑴表達(dá)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望相反的用過(guò)去時(shí):主語(yǔ)+wish+從句(過(guò)去時(shí))wereIwish(that)Iwereasyoungasyou,我真希望和你們同樣年青▲Iwish(t

hat）Iknewhisaddress.我真希望知道他的地址△與將來(lái)的愿望相反即愿望難以實(shí)現(xiàn)（用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)），IwishIcouldbeofmoreuseinthefuture.我希望我將來(lái)有點(diǎn)用處。⑵表達(dá)與過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望用過(guò)去完畢時(shí)：a主語(yǔ)+wish+從句(主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完畢時(shí))aIwishedhehadn'tmadethebigmistake.他要是不犯那個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤，該有多好！32.Peterwishesthathelawinsteadof1iteraturewhenhewasincollege.(C,2023)-*A.couIdstudyB.studiedC.hadstudiedD.wou1dstudyA53,IdidnztgotothepartyzbutIdowishIthere.(C,2023)aA.wereB.wouldbeC.hadbeenD.wiIIbea三、以suggest,propo$e,order,command,demand,requirezrequest,insist,desire,advise,ask等詞后引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)為shou1d+動(dòng)詞原形，shou1d可省略aTheyrequestedthatthestudents(should)learnthesecondlanguage?他們規(guī)定學(xué)生要學(xué)第二外語(yǔ)。1>ThedoctoradvisedthatMr.Malananoperationrightawaysoastosavehislife.a.hadB.wouldhaveC.haveD.wasgoingtohave(Cz98年)5a、hismotherinsistedthathethecoatwhengoingout.(A,99年卜A.putonB.putsonC.toputD.puttingoncommand.a答案:D。應(yīng)改為have。suggest,insist,order,demand,requesmand.reqrequire等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),(2023)a51.WestronglysuggestonassoonaspossibIe.答案:C,改為betold,require等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),(2023)a51.WestronglysuggestonassoonaspossibIrequire等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),(2023)a51.WestronglysuggestonassoonaspossibIe.答案:C,改為betold,要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要shou】d（可以省略）+原形動(dòng)詞。thatSmithisto1dabouthisphysica1conditi(2023/11)42A4tbeforegoingThebacktoA.togctB.getdoctoradvisedherthatwork.C.getsD.got(B,sheenoughres0401）八四、在某些主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣△（1）Itis...that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should+原形動(dòng)詞，should的虛擬語(yǔ)氣△（1）Itis(2)Itis+形容詞+that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should+原形動(dòng)詞，shouldnf以省略。important,necessary,vitalzdesirabIe,preferable,advisab1e,urgent,esseneia1,requested.ordered^Itisstrangethathe<should)gohimself.真奇怪，他怎么自己獨(dú)自去呢？29、It'sdesiredthatshetoteachusatleasttwiceaweek.(C,97年)comeswiI1comeC.comeD.maycome43comeswiI1comeC.comeD.maycome43a、Itisdesirablethathe（B,2023>A.givesuptryingB.givcuptryingC.wouIdgiveuptryingD.isgoingtogiveuptrying45、11'surgentthatameetingbeforethefinaldecisionismade.（C,2023）&A.wiIIbearrangedB.mustbearrangedC.bearrangedD.wouldbearranged2*4.It*svita1thatenoughmoneyco11ectedtogettheprojectstarted.AA.isB.beC.mustbeD.canbe（B,0411>五、在某些表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用，形式:shou1d+動(dòng)詞原形,shouId可省略。表語(yǔ)前及同位語(yǔ)that前的名詞:suggestion,proposa1zmotion,order,rcquest,plan,idea,adviceMysuggestionisthatwe（should）sendafewpeopietohelptheothergroups.我的建議是我們派幾個(gè)人去幫助其他小組。47a.Hersuggestionthateverybodywasnotappreciated.（A,同位語(yǔ)從句，2023"A.singasongB.sangasongC.sungasongD.singingasongThegeneral'scommandwasthatthesoldierstheirfortandcarryoutmoreimportanttasks.（B,表語(yǔ)從句,2023）A.wouldleaveB.leaveC.leftD.haveleft六、以asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中⑴表達(dá)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式1、Hetalksasifheeverythingintheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.hadknownD.wouldhaveknown（答本句表達(dá)說(shuō)話人對(duì).現(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑，用過(guò)去時(shí)。）2、YouaretaIkingasifyouhadseenthem-*你談的那么起勁，仿佛你真的見(jiàn)過(guò)似的。（表達(dá)想象中的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作）*a⑵表達(dá)對(duì)過(guò)去的情況有所懷疑，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去分詞4△七、用在由last,forfearthat,incase（免得，以防萬(wàn)一）引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句，表達(dá)憂慮或緊張。形式：shouid+動(dòng)詞原型，should不能省略27.IwroteitdownIshou1dforgetit.（2023）aA.incaseB.incaseofC.inorderthatD.forfearof答:A.incase:（連詞）。本句意思:我寫了卜來(lái)，免得忘了。又如:Keepthewindowclosedincaseitrains.把窗/關(guān)好，以防下雨。incaseof（介詞短語(yǔ)）：假使、假如發(fā)生。Incaseoffire,ringthealarmbeI1.如遇火警，即按鈴。Inorderthat（連詞，引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句）為了...Inorderthatheshouldnotbelate,hismotherwokehimat6.為「不使他遲到,母親在6點(diǎn)種叫醒他。forfearof：（介詞）生怕、以免。Sheleftanhourear1yforfearofmissinghertrain.她提早一小時(shí)離開以免誤了火車。a59.Writtenapplicationsshou1dbesenttousincase$omeproblemswiththeelectricversion.（Cz2023）aa.therewillbeB.thereisC.therebeD.therewasa八、wouldrather（that）+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)，表達(dá)沒(méi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作分45、Izdyoudidn'ttouchthat,ifyoudonmind.（A,98）aA.rather

B.betterC.happierD.further46、Iamtoobusythesedays.Iwouldnthforadinner,B.betterC.happierD.further46、Iamtoobusythesedays.Iwouldnthforadinner,eB.havecome(C,2023)九、Itis(high)time(that)...引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)，''(早就)該干…〃未發(fā)生△43、1t'shightimewesomethingtostoptrafficaccident.A.doB.willdoA.doB.willdoA.doB.willdoC.didD.mustdo2a、DonrtyouthiA.doB.willdoC.didD.mustdo2a、Donrtyouthinkitistimeyousmoking?giveupgaveupC.wouldgiveup(B,99>D.shouldgiveupA43.Let'sfinishourhomeworknafewseconds,itzstimewe(Az0411)A.playedfootballB.wiIIplayfootba11A.playedfootballa54.Noonecanpossiblyrecallanydetailaboutthemeeting.ItisatIeastfiveyearssinceitC.tookplace.2023A卷三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1、will（shall）+原形動(dòng)詞：表達(dá)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例：HewiIIcomeandhelpyou.他會(huì)來(lái)幫助你的。2A、begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形：表達(dá)立即就要發(fā)生的事情或打算好要做的事。例：AreyougoingtoattendtheIecture?你打算去聽這個(gè)演講嗎？beto+動(dòng)詞原形：強(qiáng)調(diào)按安排或計(jì)劃'命令規(guī)定'命中注定的動(dòng)作TheThird-RingRoadi$tobeopentotrafficbeforeNationalDay.三環(huán)路將在國(guó)慶節(jié)前通車。Youaretodoyourhomework.你必須先做作業(yè)△Yourplanistofai.你的計(jì)劃注定失敗能、用某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)根據(jù)計(jì)劃、安排而將于近期（將來(lái)）發(fā)生的事情，代表動(dòng)詞:go,come,start,stop,arrive,leave,play等weareleavingforBeijingtomorrow.我們明天動(dòng)身去北京。5*、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來(lái)（見(jiàn)前一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)卜，四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、表達(dá)說(shuō)話時(shí)（現(xiàn)階段）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。aTheteacheristalkingwithhisstudents.這位老師正在同他的學(xué)生交談力表達(dá)現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但此刻并不一定在進(jìn)行。aIamattcndingaconferenceinBeijing.我正在北京參與一個(gè)會(huì)議。2、表達(dá)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但往往帶有欣賞、厭惡等的感情色彩Heisalwaysthinkingofothersfirst,他總是先為別人著想。（欣賞）Whyareyoua1waysIeavingthingsbehind.你怎么總是丟三落四的（厭惡）3、描述某人一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)，通常用動(dòng)詞be的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)aSheisbeingfriend1ytoday.她今天很友善。（平時(shí)不ay.她今天很友善。（平時(shí)不這樣）五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing表達(dá)在過(guò)去某?段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常需用農(nóng)達(dá)過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或通過(guò)上下文來(lái)判斷時(shí)間。Ifellandhurtmyselfwhi1eI_A.wasplaying_tennis.（98年43題）》重點(diǎn)：when和whi1e的區(qū)別when表達(dá)時(shí)間上的點(diǎn)，引導(dǎo)的句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)④while表達(dá)連續(xù)的一段時(shí)間，引導(dǎo)的句子用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)aa六、現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)have/hasdone（過(guò)去分詞）1a、表達(dá)過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間完畢完畢并對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和just,already,sofar,yet,uptonow,uptothepresent,recently,lately,inthepastfewyears連用。aIhaveseeenlhefilm.我看過(guò)這個(gè)電影。（我了解電影的內(nèi)容）a2、表達(dá)過(guò)去開始?直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)歷或習(xí)慣等，通常和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用：stay,studyz1ive,tobeztcach,work常用since,evensinee引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句，或由for引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)連用。Hehaslivedherefor30years.他住在這兒已經(jīng)三十年了（現(xiàn)在還住在這兒）HaveyouevenbeentoTibet?你去過(guò)西藏嗎？Co應(yīng)改為havehaddifficulty。由于eversince引導(dǎo)句子的時(shí)候，從句用過(guò)去時(shí)，a主句要用現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)。（2023年試題）34、固定句式:itisthefirst/second/las11imethat+延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完畢時(shí)ItisthefirsttimethatIhavemetJane.那是我第一次見(jiàn)到簡(jiǎn)。2卜）Itis3yearssinecIleftShanghai.我離開上海己經(jīng)三年了。4,現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)JonehaslivedLandonfor10years.現(xiàn)在還住Jone1ivedLandonfor10years.曾經(jīng)住，現(xiàn)在不在了a七、過(guò)去完畢時(shí)haddone1、表達(dá)在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完畢了的動(dòng)作（即過(guò)去的過(guò)去）?？捎胋y,upti1I,before,after,when等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句表達(dá)。awhenIarrivedhehadIeft.我到那他剛走40、WhenIwenttovisitMrs.Smithlastweek,IwastoldsheD.had

lefttowdaysbefore.(0311試A)2、沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)間先后收上下文表達(dá):▲Ididn'tknowhehadmovedout.我不知道他己經(jīng)搬家了3、特殊用法：(I)和before連用，表達(dá)''還沒(méi)來(lái)得及…就SheweptbeforeIhadrea1izedwhatwashappen!ng.我還沒(méi)明白怎么回事之前她就哭/(2)Itwasthefirst/second/Iasttimethat+過(guò)去完畢時(shí)Itwasthefirsttime(that)theyhadtriedforeignfood.這是他們第一次吃西餐。4、常用在nosooner...than...,hardly/scareely/bare1y...when...,一…就句型之中，句子到裝。為Ihadnosoonerreturnedthanhecalied△八、將來(lái)完畢時(shí):表達(dá)在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前已完畢或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Bytheendofnextmonth,hewillhavebeenherefor10years.到下個(gè)月為止，他在這住了2023了24A、I_D.shallhavefinished_writingtheartic1ebythetimeyouget.(00)30.BynextyearheA.hasworkedinNewYorkforfivcycars.(0411A)▲④九、現(xiàn)在完畢進(jìn)行時(shí):表達(dá)從過(guò)去某時(shí)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作have/hasbeendoingWehavebeenwaitingforyouforanhour.我們等了你一小時(shí)了。(動(dòng)作到此為止，不連續(xù)下去)④IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor10years.?我學(xué)英語(yǔ)2023了。(還要繼續(xù)學(xué)下去)十、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)?:表達(dá)相對(duì)于過(guò)去的將來(lái)，多見(jiàn)于間接引語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在閱讀或完型中▲形式：woulddo或was/weregoingtodoHesaidthathewouldwatchhiscarthe

doXtday.他說(shuō)明天要洗車。Hesaidthathewasgoingtowatchhiscarthenextday.a卜一、過(guò)去完畢進(jìn)行時(shí):表達(dá)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻以前一直延續(xù)的的動(dòng)作hadbeendoingsTheyhadbeenwaitingforanhourbeforethebuscame.64.EventhoughSedathasbeenstudyingEnglishforthreeyearsbeforecametotheUnitedStates,Itissti11difficultforhimtoexpresshimself.(0304A)B.hasbeen改為hadbeena十二、將來(lái)完畢進(jìn)行時(shí):表達(dá)將來(lái)某?時(shí)刻以前?直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Bynextmonthhewi1Ihavebeenworkinginoutfactoryfor30years.到下個(gè)月他在我們工廠工作30年了。a41.Bythetimeyouarrivethisevening,D.Iwi1Ihavebeenstudyingfortwohous（0411A>第二節(jié)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)t0doSth.一般集中在挑錯(cuò)題中特別關(guān)注:不定式的被動(dòng)式，由積極變被動(dòng)時(shí)t。的特殊解決相關(guān)知識(shí)：A、及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞a及物動(dòng)詞：后面可直接加賓語(yǔ)（名詞、動(dòng)名詞、人稱代詞的賓格、數(shù)詞）不及物動(dòng)詞：后面不可直接加賓語(yǔ)，+介詞+賓語(yǔ)▲有些動(dòng)詞在不同的句子中既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。water49.Thesepart-timestudentsexpecttotooffersomejobsoncampusduringthecomingsummervacation.(0404A)

答:A,改為t。beoffed,offer為及物動(dòng)詞，后面必須有賓語(yǔ)，若后面賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)是被動(dòng)句B,行為動(dòng)詞與系動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞：表達(dá)實(shí)際動(dòng)作，涉及表達(dá)思維活動(dòng)的詞：want,think...等系動(dòng)詞:表達(dá)主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特性,be動(dòng)詞、可放在形容詞前的某些動(dòng)詞:get、run、turn、smel1...等一、何種情況下可使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的接受者?！鱐hekitchenissharedbythethreeofus.刷房是我們?nèi)擞??！鳩ootballisplaycdoveroftheworld,世界各地都踢足球。2,不知道或沒(méi)必要說(shuō)明的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。人ThedaIahavebeencomputerizedfortwoyearsnow.a這些數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)由計(jì)算解決兩年了。aThesebooksarewrittenforchildren.這些書是兒童讀物43,出于禮貌、措辭婉轉(zhuǎn)等因素不方便、不樂(lè)意說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Iwastoldthatyouareverylazy.我聽人說(shuō)你很懶。為Thecarwasdamaged.車撞壞了。射，避免變換主語(yǔ)，以求行文流暢。Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplausedbytheaudience.他出現(xiàn)在舞臺(tái)上時(shí)，觀眾的熱烈鼓掌。冷:、使用被動(dòng)高不成低不就需要注意的問(wèn)題1,不定式的被動(dòng)式tobedone當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式表達(dá)的動(dòng)作的接受者，用被動(dòng)式HeaskedtobesenttoworkinTibet.他規(guī)定派去西藏工作Iwanttodosomeshoppingtomorrow.aItzsanhonourformetobeinvitedtospeakheretoday.很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)aareyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldat6:00?你要參與6點(diǎn)的會(huì)嗎？

22.Thefamousnovelissaid_C.tohavebeentranslatcd_intoChinese.本句是動(dòng)詞不定式的完畢、被動(dòng)式。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式表達(dá)的動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)(或是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí))，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)式。不定式的完畢式所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前。如：HeisnotlikelytohavcbecntoidtheresuIt.這個(gè)結(jié)果也許還沒(méi)有告訴他。2023年17A.WeshallaskforsamplesAandthenwecanmakeourdecision.(031)A.tobesentB.beingsentC.tosetD.tohavebeensent8.TheforestfirecausedbythevoIcanoisdifficu1ttobeC.(0311)A.putoffB.putawayC.putoutD.putupThequestionCatthemeetingtomorrowisveryimportant.(0411)A.todiscussB.beingdiscussedC.tobediscussedD.wil1bediscussed2,某些動(dòng)詞由積極變被動(dòng)時(shí)不定式符號(hào)父?！钡慕鉀Q7個(gè)感觀動(dòng)詞see,watch,observe,notice,listentozhear,fell/3個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞let,havc讓，make56a.Theteacherhashisstudentsacompositioneveryotherweek.(2023)A.towriteB.writtenC.writingD.writeD.：.havesbdosth讓某人做某事。have此處為使役動(dòng)詞，后面接賓補(bǔ)的時(shí)候省to58.Themiddle-agedmanwasseenoutofthehouseontheafternoonofthafternoonofthemurder.AA.cameafternoonofthemurder.AA.cameB.comeC.tocomeD.afternoonofthemurder.AA.cameB.comeC.tocomeD.havecomeaCo感官動(dòng)詞feel,hear,see,watch等后面接賓補(bǔ)的時(shí)候，要用無(wú)to不定式。但假如句子是主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的話，要加上to。（2023）3,a,短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞后面接一個(gè)介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，將其當(dāng)作一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。④Thechi1drenarcwell1ookedafter.這些孩子得到了很好的照顧。（介）Thcmcetinghasbecnputofftillnextweek.會(huì)議被推遲到下周。（副）注意：不是所有短的語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，判斷:相連的介詞或副詞不能折開4aa,帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞。aBadthingssometimescanbeturnedintogoodones,壞事有時(shí)可變好事5,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后可接從句或w+不定式aHewastoldthathisfatherwassick.他被告知他父親病了▲Aassistantoftheshopwasaskedwheretofindthemanager.*a6,特殊句型besaid/reportedtohavedone據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道22A.Thefamousnov