2022北京高三（上）期末英語匯編

閱讀理解C篇一、閱讀理解（2022?北京通州?高三期末）Inmid-2019,anIndonesiandesignteamsubmittedaplantoaninternationaldesigncompetitionforanewtypeofsubmarine（潛艇）.Itwasn'tdesignedformilitarypurposesorforexploringtheocean.ThemainpurposeofthissubmarinewastocreateiceblockstoreplaceseaiceinthePolarRegions.Inthesummermonthsof2019,amassiveheatwaveshockedEuropeandbrokeanumberofhightemperaturerecords.As（hehotairmovednorthovertheArctic,theicesheetcoveringGreenlandmeltedatanunexpectedrate.Icemeltatthepolesisnormalinthesummermonths.Losticcisoftenregainedbyrefreezinginwinter.Butthefastmeltingratecouldmeanapermanentlossofpolarice,whichwouldhaveglobalconsequences.Dealingwithsuchalarge-scaleproblemrequireslarge-scalesolutions.Whilemanysolutionslookatreducingthegreenhousegases,fewareaimedatrepairingtheeffectsofclimatechange.Theice-makingsubmarineproposedtodojustthat.Theice-makingsubmarine'sbasicdesigninvolvesformingalargehexagonal（六邊形的）iceblockofroughly25metersacrossand5metersthick.Alargecontainerinthesubmarinewouldbefilledwhensubmergedunderwater.Thentheslowprocessofdesalination（脫鹽）andfreezingwouldbegin.Afteraboutamonth,thesubmarinewoulddischarge（卸卜）theiceblockandbegintheprocessalloveragain.Theoverallvisionwouldbetohavemultiplesubmarinesworkingtogether,so（hatthehexagonalblockscouldbepushedtogethertofbrmasinglelargeicesheet.Thedesignwasbeautifullypresentedandwonsecondplace.However,thesciencebehindthedesigncameundercriticism.Onecriticismwashowthemassiveamountsofenergyneededtodesalinateandfreezethewalerwouldbeprovided.Anotherwasthattheamountofheatgeneratedbythefreezingprocesswouldresultinanetwarmingeffect.Additionally,theicewouldbetoothintostayfrozenforasignificantamountoftime.Thedesignerscouldn'tsufficientlyanswermanyofthescientificcriticisms.Theirinventiveideadocs,however,indicatetheneedforcreativesolutionsinrepairingthelossofpolarice.Theice-makingsubmarinewasdesignedto.A.explore（heoceanB.achievemilitarypurposesC.recordratesofmeltingpolariceD.makeupforthedecreaseofpolariceThe4thparagraphismainlyabout.A.thelimitationof（henewdesignB.（heprocessofmakingiceblocksC.thefeaturesoftheice-makingsubmarinesD.thechallengesthatthedesignersencounteredWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Thedesignintroducesauniqueanglefordealingwithclimatecrisis.Thedesignersareconfidentabouttheeffectivenessof（hesubmarine.Thelosticecanberegainedbyrefreezinginspiteoffastmeltingrate.Theice-makingsubmarineisoneofthesolutionstoreducegreenhousegases.Asforthedesignofice-makingsubmarine,theauthoris.（2022?北京海淀?高三期末）PioneerslikeHarvardsocialecologistStephenKellertwereamongthefirsttochampionmodernbiophilicdesign.Kellertbelievedthatweavingnatureintolivingandworkspacesiscriticalforgoodphysicalandmentalhealth.Humanshaveevolvedtogravitatetowardsnature.Kellertnoted,butifwedon'tdevelopthatimpulseitfades.Sohisprinciplesincludeaccesstonaturallight,air,water,plants,andgardens.Usingmaterialssuchaswoodandstone,naturaldesignssuchasleaforshellpatterns,andearthycolorsalsohelpshumanstofeelclosertonature.Biophilicdesignscanbeseenincitiesandbuildingsaround（heworld.ModernexamplesincludetheJewelChangiAirportinSingapore,withitsfour-storeyforestgardenandworld'slargestindoorwaterfallfedbyrainwater.OrtheSwedishMirrorcubetreehousehotel,mainlymadeofusedplywoodandalightweightaluminum（鋁）framewrappedaroundatree.SpectacularbiophilichomesincludeOneCentralParkinSydneyapartmentblocksfeaturinghanginggardensontheoutside.Thebuildingsrecycletheirownwaterandasuspended（懸浮的）motorizedmirrorsystemreflectssunlightdownontogardensbelow.Milan'sBoscoVerticaleblockisperhapsevenmoreeye-catchingwithitsverticalforestof17,000trees,bushes,andplants.Puttingbiophilicdesigntoworkforsocietycouldpreventmillionsinhealthcarecosts,withonestudyestimatingannualsavingsof$93millionintheUSalone.Hospitaldesigninparticularhashistoricallybeeninfluencedbyaccesstosunlightandviewsofnature.Modembuildingslike（heKhooTeckPuatHospitalinSingapore,withitspositionnext（othewaterfalloftheYishunPond,arccloselylinkedwiththeirsurroundings.Thehospitalchannelsoutdoorairtocooltheinside,andusesreflectivesunshadestodirectlightintothewardstobrightenthemandsaveenergy.Theaimofthesedesignsistoemphasizethehumanconnectiontonaturebyintegratingbuildingswiththelocalenvironment.Buthowdowebringbiophiliaintoourhomes?Startwithhouseplants.Newsmarthomeappscanalsoprovidesensorynatureexperiencessuchasbirdsongandaprojectedforestcanopy,helpingpeopletocarveoutarestfulspaceindoors.Butperhapsthebestwaytotransformsocietywithbiophilicdesignsistostartwithschools.Childrenlearnbetterandfeelmorerelaxedinbiophilicsettings.SotheChildrenandNatureNetworkisworkingwithschoolsacrosstheUStocreategreenschoolyardsforbetterphysicalandmentalhealthand（oincreaseopportunitiesforoutdoorlearning.Biophilicdesignersarebringingnatureintoclassroomsthroughnaturalpatterns,shapesandcolors,naturephotography,artworkandmaterialsliketimberandstone.Freshairflow,greenwalls,andaquariumsallbecomepartofarecipefbrimprovinghealthandacademicsuccess.Accordingtothepassage,StephenKellertprobablybelievesthat.humans*inbornlovefornaturewon'tbelessenednaturecanimprovepeople'ssenseofresponsibilityhumansneedtoappreciateandmakegooduseofnaturenaturalmaterialshavetakenpriorityinmodernbuildingdesignsWhatdotheexamplesofbiophilicdesignsinthepassagehaveincommon?Theyapplysmarthometechnology.Theypromotesustainabledevelopment.Theyincludewaterfallsandgardensinside.Theyuselocalresourcestocutthecostofbuildings.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,welearnthatbiophilicdesigns.havegreatlytransformedschoolshelpimprovestudents'performancefocusmainlyonstudents'mentalhealthhavemovedmostof（heclassroomsoutsideWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Let'sInviteNatureInsideB.LiveNaturallyandSimplyC.TheBestNaturalBuildingDesignerD.UpsandDownsofNaturalBuildings（2022?d匕京東城?高三期末）Thedigitalrevolutionhasarrived.Asautomationbecomesevermorecommon,eventhoseprofessionsoncethoughttobeinsulatedfromtechnologicaldisruption（擾亂）faceanuncertainfuture.Giventhatstateofuncertainty,NortheasternUniversityPresidentJosephAounarguesthatcollegegraduatescannolongerbeconfidentthatthejobtheyholdwillbefinanciallysustainableforthelongterm.Automation,longathreattolow-skilledjobs,isnowcost-effectiveinallrepetitivework,includinghigh-skilledjobsinhealthcare,law,andresearch.Thus,formanytheprospectofbeingreplacedbyarobotismorepressing.Toaddressthis,itfallstohighereducationtopreparegraduatesforchangesthataresweepingthroughtheworldofwork.Buthowcaninstitutionspreparethenextgeneration,whenit'snotclearwhatprofessionswillexisttoemploythem?Aounarguesthatuniversitiesmustreinventthemselvestoaddress（hisageofdisruptionandtoprovidetheirstudentswiththeeducationalfoundationthatensurestheiremployabilityinthecomingdecades.Todoso,hecallsforhighereducationtofocusonthosefeaturesthatseparatehumansfrommachines.Henamedthisnewframework"Humanics".Aoundetailsatwo-ticrcd（兩層的）structureforHumanicsandexplainshowthesetiersworktogethertodevelopcreativityinstudents.Thefirsttierconsistsof21st-centuryliteraciesthathearguesmustbecentraltoanyforward-thinkingeducationalprogram.Inadditiontoreading,writing,andarithmetic,Aounarguesthatallstudentsmustbecompetentindatainterpretationandanalysis,technicalfunctionslikeengineering,andhuman-centricstudiessuchasdesignthinkingandcommunication.ThisfirsttierofliteraciesformsthebasisfbrAoun'ssecondtierofcognitive（認(rèn)知的）capacities.Systemsthinking,criticalthinking,andculturalawarenessconstitutethemind-setsthatAounarguesarecriticaltodistinguishinghumanemployeesfrommachines.Astudentwiththesemind-setscansolveproblemscreativelywhilemakinglogicaljudgments.Havingdefinedwhatarobot-proofeducationmustinvolve,Aounlooksintohowthateducationshouldbeofferedandwhatcollegesanduniversitiesmustdotomeettheneedsofamodernstudentbody.Hecallsforhighereducationtofullyacceptexperiential,lifelonglearning.Hearguesthatitisonlythroughrichexperiencesthatstudentscanapplytheir21st-centuryliteraciestocomplexproblems,whichwilleventuallyshapetheirmind-sets.ThistypeoflearningmusthelifelongbecausetherapidrateofchangethataccompaniesautomationwillrequirethatstudentsconsistentlyrefreshtheirskillsetsAounacknowledgesthateducationwillneverbeacure-allforsociety'sills.AmorepracticalapproachmightbetoseeHumanicsnotasanewmedicinebutratherasasupplementtoourcurrenteducationalsystem.Inanautomatedworld,topreparefortheeconomicdisruptionsuchautomationmaycause,highereducationmustcreateagenerationofgraduatesthatisliberatedtothinkcreativelywhilecontinuingtofunctioninmoretraditionalcapacities.Perhapsthatwillensureworkersandtheuniversitiesthateducatethemareindeedrobotproof.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"insulated"inParagraph1probablymean?A.GeneratedB.ShelteredC.Prohibited.D.Separated.Whatcanwelearnaboutautomationfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Ithasposedathreattoemployment.B.Ithasmadehigh-skilledjobsdemanding.A.Ithasposedathreattoemployment.B.Ithasmadehigh-skilledjobsdemanding.C.Ithelpstofueltheprocessofdigitalization.D.Itpromotesthedevelopmentofnewprofessions.AccordingtoJosephAoun,institutionsshould.A.setthetrendforautomationB.providearobot-proofeducationC.redefinetheframeworkofHumanicsD.valuecognitivecapacitiesoverliteraciesWhatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.Whereisautomationleadingus?B.WhatdoesHumanicsmean(ouniversities?C.Whyisitcriticaltoacquirehighereducation?D.Howcanwegetreadyforanuncertainfuture?參考答案D2.B3.A4.C【分析】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了一項用于修復(fù)氣候變化影響的設(shè)計——制冰潛艇。.推埋判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段關(guān)鍵句"ThemainpurposeofthissubmarinewastocreateiceblockstoreplaceseaiceinihePolarRegions."（這艘潛艇的主要目的是制造冰塊來取代極地地區(qū)的海冰。）及第二段關(guān)鍵句"Butthe缶stmeltingratecouldmeanapermanentlossofpolarice,whichwouldhaveglobalconsequences.^^（但是，快速的融化速度可能意味著極地冰川的永久消失，這將產(chǎn)生全球性的后果。）可推知，制冰潛艇被設(shè)計用來制冰，從而彌補極地冰的減少。故選D項。.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段關(guān)鍵句"Theice-makingsubmarine'sbasicdesigninvolvesformingalargehexagonaliceblockofroughly25metersacrossand5metersthick.Alargecontainerinthesubmarinewouldbefilledwhensubmergedunderwater.Then（heslowprocessofdesalinationandfreezingwouldbegin.Afteraboutamonth,thesubmarinewoulddischargetheiccblockandbegintheprocessalloveragain.”（造冰潛艇的基本設(shè)計包括形成一個大約25米寬、5米厚的大型六邊形冰塊。當(dāng)潛艇被淹沒在水下時，潛艇內(nèi)的一個大容器就會裝滿水。然后，海水淡化和冷凍的緩慢過程就會開始。大約一個月后，潛艇會排出冰塊，然后重新開始這一過程。）可知，第四段描述了制冰的過程。故選B項。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段關(guān)鍵句"Whilemanysolutionslookatreducingthegreenhousegases,fewareaimedatrepairingtheeffectsofclimatechange.Theice-makingsubmarineproposedtodojustthat.”（雖然許多解決方案著眼于減少溫室氣體，但很少有解決方案著眼于修復(fù)氣候變化的影響。造冰潛艇就打算這么做。）可知，制冰潛艇的設(shè)計引入了應(yīng)對氣候危機的獨特角度。故選A項。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段關(guān)鍵句"Thedesignerscouldn'tsufficientlyanswermanyofthescientificcriticisms.Theirinventiveideadoes,however,indicatetheneedfbrcreativesolutionsinrepairingthelossofpolarice.”（設(shè)計師們無法充分回答許多科學(xué)上的批評。然而，他們的創(chuàng)造性想法確實表明，需要創(chuàng)造性的解決方案來修復(fù)極地冰川的消失。）可見，作者對于這項設(shè)計表示支持。故選C項。C6.D7.A【分析】本文是說明文。介紹了一項關(guān)于唱歌和外語習(xí)得之間關(guān)系的研究，研究表明：唱歌可能帶來學(xué)習(xí)外語的新方法，”聽并且重復(fù)”的唱歌方法有助于外語學(xué)習(xí)。.推理判斷題。由第?段“Haveyoueverfoundyourselfinthissituation:Youhearasongyouusedtosingwhenyouwereachild—abitofnostalgia（，懷I日）or“blastfromthepast'',aswesay.Butitisnotadistantchildhoodmemory.Thewordscomebacktoyouasclearlyaswhenyousangthemallthoseyearsago.（你有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于這樣的境地：你聽到一首你小時候經(jīng)常唱的歌——一點懷舊或者我們所說的“來自過去的爆炸”。但這不是遙遠(yuǎn)的童年記憶。這些歌詞回到你的腦海里，就像你多年前唱的那樣清晰）"和第二段"ResearchersattheUniversityofEdinburghstudiedtherelationshipbetweenmusicandrememberingaforeignlanguage.Theyfoundthatrememberingwordsinasongwasthebestwaylorememberevenoneofthemostdifficultlanguages.（愛「堡大學(xué)的研究者們研究了音樂和記憶外語之間的關(guān)系。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)記住歌曲中的單詞是記住最難的語言的最好方法）“可知，第一段開頭通過舉例“歌曲”導(dǎo)入話題，人們都清楚地記得兒時唱歌的歌詞，第二段講了音樂和記憶外語之間的關(guān)系，可得出第一段所說的“歌町'是為了導(dǎo)入主題。故選C項。.推埋判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“singingcouldleadtonewwaystolearnaforeignlanguage.Thebrainlikestorememberthingswhen（heyarecontainedinacatchyormemorablelune.（唱歌可能帶來學(xué)習(xí)外語的新方法。大腦喜歡記住瑯瑯上口或令人難忘的旋律）”和最后一段中“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.（這項研究提供了第一個實驗證據(jù)，證明了“聽并且重復(fù)的唱歌方法”可以支持外語學(xué)習(xí)，并為該領(lǐng)域的進一步研究打開了大門）”可推斷，大腦喜歡記住瑯瑯上口或令人難忘的旋律，即當(dāng)外語學(xué)習(xí)者用“聽并且重復(fù)的唱歌方法”唱單詞時，大腦可能工作最好，故選D項。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.（這項研究提供了第一個實驗證據(jù)，即聽并且重復(fù)的唱歌方法可以支持外語學(xué)習(xí)，并為將來在這方面的研究打開大門）”可推斷，此項研究對于外語學(xué)習(xí)者非常有用，一個美國人要學(xué)漢語可以采用此方法。故選A項。.A9.B10.D11.D【分析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了鑒于人工智能目前的技術(shù)瓶頸，它無法完全做到從另一個角度看待事物，科學(xué)家需要解決該技術(shù)瓶頸問題。.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段的“suchasaturtlewithaspecialshellpatternthatanAImisidentifiesasagun.（比如一只帶有特殊外殼圖案的烏龜，被AI誤認(rèn)為是一把槍。）“可知，人工智能可以被一些人類可以亳無問題識別出的圖片弄糊涂。因此confuse一詞可以解釋劃線詞。故選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段的“Inonecase,aschoolbusthatwascorrectlyidentifiedintheoriginalimagewasmisidentifiedasapunchingbagwhenshowninclose-up,andasasnowploughwhenupsidedownintheroad.（在］、案例中，一輛在原始圖像中被正確識別的校車在近距離顯示時被錯誤地識別為沙袋，而當(dāng)?shù)怪迷诼飞蠒r被錯誤地識別為雪犁。）”可知，校車的例子被用來說明人工智能識別系統(tǒng)并沒有你想象的那么智能。故選B。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"He,Cluneandothershavebeenuncoveringtheseproblemsforthepastfewyears,butnobodyknowshowtofixthem.ThebiggestbarriertoprogressisthatwhenanAIlooksatanimage,itcan'textractrulesabouttheobjectthatwouldhelpitidentifyasimilaronenexttime—forexample,therulethathorseshavefourlegs.4tToreachahumanlevelofreasoning,weneedawaytoextractnilesfromimages,"saysNguyen.（在過去的幾年里，Nguyen.Clune和其他人一直在尋找這些問題的解決途徑，但沒有人知道如何解決它們。前進的最大障礙是當(dāng)人工智能查看圖像時，它無法提取關(guān)于對象的規(guī)則以幫助它下次識別類似的對象。例如，馬有四條腿的規(guī)則。Nguyen說，“為了達到人類的推理水平，我們需要一種從圖像中提取規(guī)則的方法）”可知，從最后一段中可以推斷出在人工智能中發(fā)展推理是人工智能研究人員面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)。故選Do.標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文,根據(jù)第一段的“Tellingayellowtaxiandapairofbinocularsapartissoeasythatmostpeoplecoulddoi（standingontheirhead.Notsofbranartificialintelligence:make（hecabupsidedownanditseesbinoculars.（分辨一輛黃色出租車和一副望遠(yuǎn)鏡是那么容易，大多數(shù)人都可以很容易做得到。對于人工智能來說并非如此：把車倒過來，它看到的是望遠(yuǎn)鏡。）”和上一題的分析可知，人工智能無法從另一個角度看待事物。因此D項“人工智能不能從另一個角度看事物”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選Do.C13.B14.A15.D【分析】這是一篇說明文，講述了科學(xué)干預(yù)如海獺的恢復(fù)可以增強它們棲息地的基因多樣性，深入發(fā)現(xiàn)人類干預(yù)的好處和這一行為的過少關(guān)注現(xiàn)狀，呼吁更多研究在這一領(lǐng)域。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段末尾“ErinFostersuggeststhatseaotterrestorationcanenhancethegeneticdiversityoftheirhabitat.”（海獺的恢復(fù)可以增強它們棲息地的基因多樣性。）和“Seaottersresideincoastalhabitats,includingcclgrassfields……”（海獺居住在沿海的棲息地，包括大葉藻地）可知，海懶的回歸可以增加大葉藻地的遺傳多樣性，故選C。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theamountofdisturbancethatwasobsenedintheeelgrassfieldswasrelativelylowbutresearchesontheeffectsofdisturbanceongeneticdiversityarerelativelyrare.”（在大葉藻地觀察到的擾動量相對較低.?…但對干擾對遺傳多樣性影響的研究相對較少。）可知，之前對干擾的研究還不夠。故選.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后面duringinlensecommercialharvests（大規(guī)模商業(yè)捕措期間）可以推斷數(shù)量肯定下降，跟選項Aremoved被移除意思相符合，故選A0.標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“seaotterrestorationcanenhancethegeneticdiversityoftheirhabitat.”（海獺的恢復(fù)可以增強它們棲息地的基因多樣性）和第三段“Eventhoughdisturbanceenhancesthediversityanddynamicsofmanyoftheworld'secosystems”（盡管干擾增強了世界許多生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的多樣性和動態(tài)性）以及最后一段“moreattentionshouldbepaidtorebuildinganimalpopulationsandthekeyecologicalfunctionstheyprovidc.^^（應(yīng)更多地關(guān)注動物種群的重建及其提供的關(guān)鍵生態(tài)功能。）可知，人類的干預(yù)例如海獺的恢復(fù)等對基因多樣性有益處，應(yīng)該更多關(guān)注，故選D。.C17.D18.B【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)即使中年才開始鍛煉也能降低早死的概率。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"h'strulynevertoolatetobeginexercising,accordingtotheresearchersledbyPedroSaint-MauriceoftheU.S.NationalCancerInstitute.（美國國家癌癥研究所的佩德羅?圣莫里斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究人員表示，開始鍛煉真的永遠(yuǎn)不晚）”和第二段的"But,perhapssurprisingly,peoplewho'dbeeninactiveinyouthbutdecidedtogetmorephysicalintheir40sand50ssawalmostthesamedecline—35percent—intheirprobabilityofanearlydeath.（但是，也許令人驚訝的是，那些年輕時不怎么運動，但在四五十歲時決定多鍛煉身體的人，他們的早死概率幾乎也下降了35%）”可推知，什么時候開始鍛煉都不晚，在四五十歲的時候鍛煉也可以延長壽命。故選C。.推理判斷題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第一段"It'strulynevertoolatetobeginexercising,accordingtotheresearchersledbyPedroSaint-MauriceoftheU.S.NationalCancerInslituie.（美國國家癌癥研究所的佩德羅?圣莫里斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究人員表示，開始鍛煉真的永遠(yuǎn)不晚）”、第二段的“Thestudytrackedthelifetimeexercisepatternsofmorethan315,000people.（這項研究追蹤了31.5萬多人的終生運動模式）“、第二:段的“Thestudyalsofoundthatamid-lifestarttophysicalactivityseemedtocuttheprobabilityofdeathfromthetwomajorkillers—heartdiseaseandcancer.（耳f究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，中年開始鍛煉似乎能降低死于兩大主要殺手心臟病和癌癥的概率）”和第四段的“Thisstudy,onceagain,indicatestheimportanceofphysicalactivityinrelationshiptoone'slong-termmortality（這項研究，再一次表明了體育活動對一個人長期死亡率的重要性）可推知，木文的主要目的是介紹一項關(guān)于運動益處的研究，告訴我們開始鍛煉真的永遠(yuǎn)不晚，即使到了中年，鍛煉也會帶來益處。故選D。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"Butstartingexercisingatalaterageandstillgettingthesamemortalitybenefitdoesn'tmeanthatoneshouldnotexerciseinyoungeryears.（在較晚的年齡開始鍛煉仍然能獲得同樣的死亡率益處，但是，并不意味著一個人在年輕時不應(yīng)該鍛煉）”可知，一個人不應(yīng)該非要等到中年才開始鍛煉，因此作者對“等到中年才能健身”的態(tài)度是不贊成的，即Disapproving,故選B。.A20.C21.B【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)這一概念。.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)卜文“However,theconceptofthePygmalioneffect―expectationsinfluencingperformanceandbecomingself-fulfillingprophecies（預(yù)言）一iswidespread.（然而，皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)（Pygmalioneffect）的概念預(yù)期影響業(yè)績并成為自我實現(xiàn)的預(yù)言——卻廣為流傳戶可知，劃線詞所在的句子與之意思相反，劃線詞所在句子意為“在這一特殊情況下，多年的辯論和分析得出的結(jié)論是，影響是可以忽略不計的?！?，由此可知，negligible意為“輕微的故選A。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThePygmalioneffectsuggestsourrealityisnegotiableandcanbeinfluencedbyothers—onpurposeorbyaccident.Whatweachieve,howwethink,howweact,andhowweperceiveourcapabilitiescanbeaffectedbytheexpectationsofthosearoundus.（皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)（Pygmalioneffect）表明，我們的現(xiàn)實是可以協(xié)商的，可以受到他人的影響——有意或無意。我們所取得的成就，我們?nèi)绾嗡伎?，我們?nèi)绾涡袆?，以及我們?nèi)绾慰创约旱哪芰Χ紩艿街車说钠谕挠绊?。戶可知，皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)強調(diào)了人們對他人的期望。故選C。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“AninterestinguseofthePygmalioneffectmightbethatsuggestedbyGeorgeBernardShaw'splayPygmalion4蕭伯納的戲劇《皮格馬利翁》提出了皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)的一個有趣用法。廠以及接下來敘述的茶花女的故事可知，作者在第4段主要通過?個例子來說明皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)的使用。故選B。.A23.C24.B【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要說明實驗證明青少年動物和青少年人類類似，會故意冒險、受到同伴壓力的影響。22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Anexampleisapracticecalled“predator（捕食者）inspection^^whichmeansadolescentanimalsapproachpredatorsratherthanrunaway.Thetrade-offforthedangeristhattheycanwatch,smellandlearnaboutthepredator.Theygatherallkindsofinformationthatcankeepthemsaferasadults."（一個例子是一種稱為“捕食者檢查”的做法，這意味著青少年動物接近捕食者而不是逃跑。危險的代價是它們可以觀察、嗅到和了解捕食者。它們收集各種各樣的信息，使它們成年后更安全。）可知，對于青少年動物來說，接近它們的敵人一捕食者，并觀察捕食者的行為是危險但有價值的。故選A項。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段“"Wefoundthatinthepresenceofpeers,adolescentmicedrankmorethantheydowhenthey'realone/'Steinbergsaid,“andthattheteenagersinthedrivingstudyalsotookmoreriskswhenotherswerearound""（斯坦伯格說：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在有同齡人在場的情況下，青少年老鼠比它們獨自一人時喝得更多，而且駕駛研究中的青少年在別人在場時也會置更多的風(fēng)險。“）可知，青少年動物和人類會受到同伴壓力的影響。故選C項。.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段”"Forthemostpart,adolescents,humanandanimalalike,prefertobewithotheradolescents,"Steinbergsaid”（斯坦伯格說：“在大多數(shù)情況下，青少年，無論是人還是動物，都喜歡和其他青少年在一起?！埃┛芍固共裾J(rèn)為青少年的動物和人類都喜歡和其他青少年在一起，動物和人類是類似的，都具有與同齡人交往的特征，劃線句子表示“與同齡人交往是青少年共有的一種特征?！惫蔬xB項。.D26.A27.C【分析】這是一篇說明文。通過實驗研究證明反好的回憶會使記憶發(fā)生改變。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句"Thisisknownasthe“audience-tuningeffect”,showingushowourmemoriescanchangeautomaticallyovertime,asaproductofhow,when,andwhyweaccessthem.（這就是所謂的“觀眾調(diào)諧效應(yīng)”，它向我們展示了我們的記憶是如何隨著時間的推移而自動變化的，這是我們?nèi)绾?、何時以及為什么讀取記憶的結(jié)果）”可知，我們處理記憶的方式會影響我們的記憶。故選D。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句"Infact,sometimessimplytheactofrehearsing（復(fù)述）amemorycanbeexactlywhatmakesitsusceptible（易受影響的）tochange.（事實上，有時僅僅是復(fù)述記憶的行為就能使記憶容易改變。戶結(jié)合本段中的實驗結(jié)果可知，復(fù)述記憶次數(shù)多的受試者更容易改變記憶。由此可推知，經(jīng)?；貞洸⒉粫昝赖闹噩F(xiàn)記憶。故選Ao.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句"Bythetimeourmemorygoesbackintothefreezer,itmighthavenaturallybecomealittlemisshapen,especiallyifsomeonehasinfluenceditpurposelyinthen】ean【ime.（當(dāng)我們的記憶回至lj冰庫時，它可能會自然而然地變得有點畸形，特別是如果有人同時有意的影響它）“可知，這里將記憶與取出冰箱的冰激凌作類比，冰激凌會融化變形，記憶也一樣會發(fā)生改變。由此可推知，劃線詞malleable與changeable同義，表示“可變的”。故選C。.A29.D30.D【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一個人擁有的每一個獨特的個性，超越年齡的自我的感覺和身份，以及我們作為個體不可避免的主觀經(jīng)驗，都為靈魂奠定了科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，并對這一觀點進行了論證。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Sc沁neejournalistMichaelLemonicktoldthestoryofLonniSue,whosufferedbraindamageandwasleftunablelorecallherpastorlofbnnnewmemories.LemonickthoughtthatLonniSue,whenshelosthermemories,lostherself.Butoncehegottoknowher,aswellaspeoplewhoknewherbeforeandafterherinjury,Lemonickdiscoveredthatherselfhadnotbeendestroyed.Shewasstillcheerfulinawaythatmadepeoplearoundherfeelbetter,andshewasstillcreativeandplayful.So,despitememoryloss,westillhavetheessenceofourpersonality.Basically,nomatterwhathappenstoourbrain,ouruniquepersonalityseemstoshinethrough.（科學(xué)記者MichaelLemonick講述了LonniSue的故事，她遭受了腦損傷，無法回憶過去或形成新的記憶。Lemonick認(rèn)為LonniSue失去記憶時，就失去了自我。但是一旦他了解了她，以及那些在她受傷前后了解她的人，Lemonick發(fā)現(xiàn)她自己并沒有被摧毀。她仍然很開心，讓周圍的人感覺更好，她仍然很有創(chuàng)造力，很好玩。所以，盡管我們失去了記憶，但我們?nèi)匀粨碛腥烁竦谋举|(zhì)。基本上，不管我們的大腦發(fā)生了什么，我們獨特的個性似乎會發(fā)光）”可推知，作者通過LonniSue的故事來表現(xiàn)人的人格的穩(wěn)定性。故選A。.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞1:文“SciencejournalistMichaelLemonicktoldthestoryofLonniSue,whosufferedbraindamageandwasleftunabletorecallherpastortoformnewmemories.LemonickthoughtthatLonniSue,whenshelosthermemories,lostherself.Butoncehegottoknowher,aswellaspeoplewhoknewherbeforeandafterherinjury,Lemonickdiscoveredthatherselfhadnotbeendestroyed.Shewasstillcheerfulinawaythatmadepeoplearoundherfeelbetter,andshewasslillcreativeandplayful.（科學(xué)記者邁克爾?萊蒙尼克講述了朗尼?蘇的故事，她遭受了腦損傷，無法回憶過去或形成新的記憶。萊蒙尼克認(rèn)為朗尼?蘇，當(dāng)她失去記憶時，就失去了自我。但是一旦他了解了她，以及那些在她受傷前后了解她的人，萊蒙尼克發(fā)現(xiàn)她自己并沒有被摧毀。她仍然很開心，讓周圍的人感覺更好，她仍然很有創(chuàng)造力?很好玩。）”以及畫線詞后文“Basically,nomatterwhathappenstoourbrain,ouruniquepersonalityseemstoshine〔hrough.（基本上，不管我們的大腦發(fā)生了什么，我們獨特的個性似乎會發(fā)光。戶可知，盡管LonniSue遭受了腦損傷，無法回憶過去或形成新的記憶，但是她受傷后仍然很開心，讓周圍的人感覺更好，仍然很有創(chuàng)造力，很好玩，說明雖然失去了記憶，但是我們重要的個人性質(zhì)并沒有改變，基本匕不管我們的大腦發(fā)生了什么，我們獨特的個性似乎會發(fā)光。故畫線詞意思是“重要的性質(zhì)故選D。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Eachuniquepersonalityapersonhas,thefeelingandidentityoftheselfbeyondage,andourinevitablesubjectiveexperienceasanindividualmakeascientificfoundationforthesouL（一個人擁有的每一個獨特的個性，超越年齡的自我的感覺和身份，以及我們作為個體不可避免的主觀經(jīng)驗，都為靈魂奠定了科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)廠可知，我們的靈魂取決于我們的個性、意識和經(jīng)驗。故選D..C32.B33.B34.A【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要舉例子介紹了一些將自然融入生活、工作和學(xué)習(xí)中的親生態(tài)設(shè)計，這種親生態(tài)設(shè)計對人們的身心健康帶來很大好處。【詳解】1.推理判斷題o根據(jù)第二段“Humanshaveevolvedtogravitatetowardsnature,Kellertnoted,butifwedon'tdevelopthatimpulseitfades.Sohisprinciplesincludeaccesstonaturallight,air,waler,plants,andgardens.Usingmaterialssuchaswoodandstone,naturaldesignssuchasleaforshellpatterns,andearthycolorsalsohelpshumanstofeciclosertonature.（Kellerl注意到，人類已經(jīng)進化到被大自然吸引的地步。但如果我們不培養(yǎng)這種沖動，它就會消失。所以他的原則是要接近自然光，空氣，水，植物和花園。使用木材和石頭等材料，設(shè)計像樹葉或貝殼等自然圖案，以及使用樸實的顏色，這些也有助于人類感覺更接近大自然）”可推斷出，StephenKellert可能認(rèn)為人類需要欣賞和充分利用大自然，故選C。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ModernexamplesincludetheJewelChangiAirportinSingapore,withitsfour-storeyforestgardenandworld'slargestindoorwaterfallfedbyrainwater.OrtheSwedishMirrorcubctreehousehotel,mainlymadeofusedplywoodandalightweightaluminum（鋁）framewrappedaroundatree.（現(xiàn)代的例子包括新加坡的寶石樟宜機場，它有四層的森林花園和世界上最大的室內(nèi)雨水瀑布。或者瑞典鏡立方樹屋酒店，主要由用過的膠合板和輕質(zhì)鋁框架圍繞在樹上）”和第四段中的"SpectacularbiophilichomesincludeOneCentralParkinSydneyapartmentblocksfeaturinghanginggardenson（heoutside.Thebuildingsrecycletheirownwaterandasuspended（懸）孚的）motorizedmirrorsystemreflectssunlightdownontogardensbelow.MilansBoscoVerticaleblockisperhapsevenmoreeye—catchingwithitsverticalforestof17,000Crees,bushes,andplants』令人嘆為觀止的生態(tài)住宅包括悉尼的一個中央公園公寓大樓，其外側(cè)有空中花園。建筑自身的水循環(huán)利用，懸掛的機動鏡面系統(tǒng)將陽光反射到下面的花園。米蘭的BoscoVerticale街區(qū)也許更加引人注目，因為它有17000棵樹、灌木和植物組成的垂直森林）''以及第五段中的“ModernbuildingsliketheKhooTeckPuatHospitalinSingapore,withitspositionnexttothewaterfalloftheYishunPond,arecloselylinkedwiththeirsurroundings.Thehospitalchannelsoutdoorairtocooltheinside,andusesreflectivesunshadestodirectlightintothewardstobrightenthemandsaveenergy.（像新加坡的KhooTeckPual醫(yī)院這樣的現(xiàn)代建筑，它的位置緊挨著伊順池塘的瀑布，與周闈的環(huán)境緊密相連。醫(yī)院引導(dǎo)室外空氣冷卻病房內(nèi)部，并使用反光遮陽板將光線引入病房以照亮病房并節(jié)省能源）”可推斷出，文章列舉的這些親生態(tài)設(shè)計的共同點就是，它們都有助于促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展，故選B。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Childrenlearnbetterandfeelmorerelaxedinbiophilicsettings.（在生態(tài)環(huán)境中，孩了們學(xué)得更好，感覺更放松）”和最后一段中的"Freshairflow,greenwalls,andaquariumsallbecomepartofarecipeforimprovinghealthandacademicsuccess.（流動的新鮮空氣，綠色的墻壁，水族館這些都成為改善健康和學(xué)術(shù)成功的一部分）”可知，親生態(tài)設(shè)計有助于改善學(xué)生在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)，故選B。.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要舉例子介紹了一些將自然融入生活，工作和學(xué)習(xí)中的親生態(tài)設(shè)計，這種親生態(tài)設(shè)計在一些城市中，大樓里，家中，醫(yī)院，學(xué)校里等都能看到，它對人們的身心健康帶來很大好處。由此可推斷出，A選項“LetsInviteNatureInside（讓我們邀請大自然進來）”最適合作文章標(biāo)題，故選A。.B36.A37.B38.D【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述在數(shù)字化革命到來后自動化已經(jīng)威脅人們的職業(yè)，JosephAoun就這現(xiàn)象提出未來人工智能時代的教育。.詞義猜測題。由文章第一段“Thedigitalrevolutionhasarrived.Asautomationbecomesevermorecommon,eventhoseprofessionsoncethoughttobeinsulatedfromtechnologicaldisniptionfaceanuncertainfuture.（數(shù)字化革命己經(jīng)至U來。隨著自動化變得越來越常見，甚至那些曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為將免于科技干擾的職業(yè)也將面臨一個不確定的將來。）由本句中oncethought和后面faceanuncertainfuture推斷前后句意應(yīng)該發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折，前面應(yīng)該表示看好這些職業(yè)，原本認(rèn)為這些職業(yè)不受科技影響。而A.Generaled生產(chǎn)；B.Sheltered庇護；C.Prohibited禁止；D.Separaled分離。故選B項。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中“Automation,longathreattolow-skilledjobs,isnowcost-cffcctivcinallrepetitivework,includinghigh-skilledjobsinhealthcare,law,andresearch.Thus,formanytheprospectofbeingreplacedbyarobotismorepressing"（自動化一宜以來就是對低技術(shù)工種的威脅，現(xiàn)在也在具有重復(fù)性的工種中也顯得更劃算，其中包括在醫(yī)療，法律和研究這是高技能的工作。因此，對于很多工種，被替代的可能性不容忽視。）可知，自動化已經(jīng)威脅到人們的工作了。故選A項。.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中"Havingdefinedwhatarobot-proofeducationmustinvolve,Aounlooksintohowthateducationshouldbeofferedandwhatcollegesanduniversitiesmustdotomeettheneedsofamodemstudentbody."（在定義未來人工智能時代的教育后，Aoun正在研究教育應(yīng)該怎樣提供以及學(xué)院和大學(xué)應(yīng)該做什么來滿足當(dāng)代學(xué)生的需求。）以及文章最后一段"Perhapsthatwillensureworkersandtheuniversities