UNIT8

GREENLIVINGTOPICTALK詞匯一forinstance（=forexample）例如；比如◆教材原句...whichmaycausedifferentkindsofenvironmentalproblems，forinstance，

.……這可能會(huì)造成不同類型的環(huán)境問題，例如，

?！粼~語辨析forinstance，suchas與thatis·forinstance用于舉例說明：一般只列舉同類中的一個(gè)，可置于句首、句中或句末?！uchas用于部分列舉：列舉前面提到的事物的一部分，不能列出全部，不能和andsoon連用。·thatis用于列舉所提到事物的全部：意為“也就是說”，相當(dāng)于thatistosay或namely。題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法◆單句語法填空（1）［2019·天津卷］Mostfoodwebs，

instance，consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.（2）［2019·全國Ⅲ卷］Iwantmycafetohaveaspecialthemesuch

like“TangDynasty”.選詞填空：suchas/forexample/forinstance/thatis（3）Therearejobsmoredangerousthantruckdriving，

，traininglions.（4）Whatwouldyoudoifyoumetawildanimal，atiger，

?（5）Asweallknow，moreandmoreChinesewordshavecomeintoEnglish，

tofuandkungfu.（6）Hehasthreepartners，

，John，JackandTom.for

as

forinstance

forexample

suchasthatis詞匯二globaladj.全球的；全世界的◆教材原句globalwarming全球變暖◆要點(diǎn)必記globalwarming全球變暖globalaffairs全球事務(wù)globalpopulation全球人口globalclimatechange全球氣候變化◆詞語積累globen.地球；地球儀globallyadv.全球地◆單句語法填空（1）It’sknowntousthat

（globe）warmingisnowaseriousproblem.（2）［2018·江蘇卷］China’ssoftpowergrowsinlinewiththeincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChina

（global）.◆單句寫作（3）Thelackofeco-friendlyhabitsamongthepublicisthoughttobeamajorcauseof

_______________________（全球氣候變化）.global

globally

globalclimatechange詞匯三extinctionn.滅絕◆教材原句

...animal/plantextinction……動(dòng)/植物滅絕◆要點(diǎn)必記（1）beclosetoextinction瀕臨滅絕 indangerofextinction處于滅絕的危險(xiǎn)中（2）extinctadj.已滅絕的 anextinctvolcano死火山anextinctspecies一個(gè)已滅絕的物種◆單句語法填空（1）Inbrief，the

（extinct）ofthedinosaursoccurredlongbeforehumanscameintobeing.◆單句寫作（2）AccordingtoJack，itisglobalwarmingthat_________________________________________

（導(dǎo)致許多動(dòng)物的滅絕）.（3）Thespecies

（瀕臨滅絕）.

extinction

leadstotheextinctionofmanyanimals

isclosetoextinction詞匯四solutionn.解決，解決辦法◆教材原句Solutions

解決；解決辦法◆要點(diǎn)必記thesolutiontotheproblem問題的解決辦法solvevt.解決；解答solveaproblem/amystery/apuzzle解決問題/解開奧秘/解開謎團(tuán)◆歸納拓展theentrancetothecave山洞的入口 theanswertothequestion問題的答案thekeytothedoor門的鑰匙 thekeytosuccess成功的關(guān)鍵theapproachtotheproblem問題的解決辦法◆單句語法填空（1）Theschooladvisorwon’tgiveyouanydirect

（solve）toyourproblems.（2）Therearestillmanyproblems

（solve）beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.（3）Ihavetriedveryhardtofindasolution

theproblem，butinvain.◆單句寫作（4）Ithinkitisbeyondhispowertofind

（……的解決方法）thisproblem.（5）Believinginyourselfis

（……的關(guān)鍵）success.solution

tobesolved

to

thesolutiontothekeyto詞匯五transport（1）n.交通運(yùn)輸方式，運(yùn)輸方式（2）v.運(yùn)輸；運(yùn)送◆教材原句morepublictransportincreaseourawarenessofenvironmentalprotection更多公共交通工具增加我們的環(huán)保意識(shí)◆要點(diǎn)必記transport...from...to...把……從……運(yùn)送到……betransportedwithjoy/delight欣喜若狂；喜不自勝transportsb.tosth.使……覺得處于……；使……仿佛置身于……publictransport公共交通ameansoftransport交通方式transportsofjoy/delight/pleasure興高采烈◆單句語法填空（1）Theyhavedifficulty

（transport）goods，becausethegasisrunningout.（2）Atthattime，mostofourluggage

（transport）bysea.◆單句寫作（3）Alargequantityofmoneyhasbeenspent

（改善公共交通）.（4）Onhearingofthevictory，thenation

（一片歡騰）.（5）［2017·全國Ⅲ卷］FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaand______________________

（運(yùn)到公園去）.transporting

wastransportedtoimprovepublictransport

wastransportedwithjoy

transportedtothepark詞匯六increaseone’sawarenessof增強(qiáng)某人的……意識(shí)◆要點(diǎn)必記（1）raise/strengthenone’sawarenessof提高/增強(qiáng)某人的……意識(shí)environmentalawareness環(huán)保意識(shí)（2）awareadj.知道的；意識(shí)到的；察覺到的beawareof/that意識(shí)到；明白makesb.awareof使某人意識(shí)到asfarasI’maware據(jù)我所知notthatI’mawareof我不知道◆單句語法填空（1）［2019·北京卷］EarthDay，markingon22April，isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublic

（aware）aboutenvironmentalprotection.（2）Inmyopinion，it’sveryimportanttoimprovetheirenvironmental

（aware）now.（3）Itwasn’tuntilherfriendwasbadlyhurtthatKerrybecameaware

herhabitoffindingfault.◆同義句轉(zhuǎn)換（4）Ifchildrenrealisetheimportanceofstudy，theywillstudyhard.→Ifchildren

theimportanceofstudy，theywillstudyhard.awareness

awareness

of

areawareof詞匯七recyclev.再利用，回收利用◆教材原句recycleusedbatteries回收舊電池◆要點(diǎn)必記recycledmaterials回收的材料 recyclepaper/glass回收紙/玻璃 recyclingn.回收利用◆詞語積累re-為動(dòng)詞前綴，表示“再，又”：cyclen.循環(huán)；周期→recyclev.再利用；回收利用placev.放；置→replacevt.取代；放回movev.移動(dòng)→removevt.移開；挪走usevt.使用→reusevt.再利用buildv.建；建造→rebuildv.重建◆單句語法填空（1）［2018·全國Ⅱ卷］Makinglovelyobjectsusing

（recycle）andmadematerials.（2）Thegarbageisthentakenawayand，ifpossible，

（recycle）.◆單句寫作（3）［2018·浙江卷］Paperbags

（很容易被循環(huán)利用）butrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.◆翻譯句子（4）始終正確地處理你的垃圾，并在可能的情況下回收廢物。__________________________________________________________________________recycled

recycled

areeasilyrecycled

Alwaysgetridofyourrubbishproperlyandrecyclewastewherepossible.詞匯八inharmonywith與……和諧，與……協(xié)調(diào)◆教材原句livinginharmonywithnature與自然和諧相處◆要點(diǎn)必記（1）harmonyn.和諧；融洽inharmony用和聲

outofharmony不協(xié)調(diào)，不和諧live/workinharmony（with）（與……）和睦地生活/工作socialharmony社會(huì)融洽 colourharmony色彩協(xié)調(diào)（2）harmoniousadj.和諧的；融洽的 aharmonioussociety一個(gè)和諧的社會(huì)◆單句語法填空（1）Hissuggestionsare

harmonywiththeaimsofthisproject.（2）Firstandforemost，a

（harmony）butcompetitiveinteractioninagroupwillhelpwitheveryone’slearning.◆單句寫作（3）Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand，assuch，theonlywayforustosurviveisto

（與自然和諧相處）.（4）只有當(dāng)我們學(xué)會(huì)與自然和諧相處時(shí)，我們才能停止對野生動(dòng)物和地球的威脅。____________________________________________________________________________in

harmonious

liveinharmonywithnatureOnlywhenwelearntoexistinharmonywithnaturecanwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.詞匯九balance（1）n.平衡；稱（2）

v.平衡；均衡◆教材原句maintainingthebalancebetweenhumanandnature保持人與自然的平衡◆要點(diǎn)必記（1）thebalanceofnature自然平衡keepone’sbalance保持平衡loseone’sbalance失去平衡keepabalancebetweenAandB保持A與B的均衡onbalance總的來說（2）balancedadj.平衡的，均衡的 abalanceddiet均衡飲食◆單句語法填空（1）［2019·北京卷］AnA-teammayrequire

balance—notjustAplayers，butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.（2）Mymotheralwaystriesherbesttoprovidea

（balance）dietforDadandme.◆單句寫作（3）RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os，

（總的來說），thantheylose.（4）Whenhewasrunningafterhisbrother，theboy

（失去了平衡）andhadabadfall.◆翻譯句子（5）為了保持自然的平衡，許多方法已經(jīng)被嘗試。_______________________________________________________________________a

balanced

onbalance

losthisbalanceManymethodshavebeentriedtokeepthebalanceofnature.詞匯十doone’spartforsth.盡自己所能做某事◆教材原句doingmypartfortheenvironment為環(huán)境盡我的一份力量◆要點(diǎn)必記takepartin參與，參加（活動(dòng)） takeanactivepartin積極參加play/havethepartin在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色playthepartof扮演……的角色 forone’spart就某人而言forthemostpart基本上；通常

haveaparttoplay（in）參與（某事）；與某事有關(guān)系inpart一定程度上；部分地◆單句語法填空（1）Everyone，whetheryouareoldoryoung，candoyourpart

theenvironment.（2）Areyougoingtotakepart

theWinterOlympicGamesinBeijing&Zhangjiakouin2022?（3）Ourcarbrokedown，but

themostpart，thetriptoMountTaiwasverywonderful.◆單句寫作（4）Asscheduled，we

（參加）severalinstructiveactivities.◆翻譯句子（5）如今，網(wǎng)絡(luò)在我們的生活和工作中起著非常重要的作用。___________________________________________________________________________

for

in

for

tookpartinNowadays，theInternetplaysaveryimportantpartinourlifeandwork.詞匯十一fightagainst為反對……而斗爭；與……爭吵；反對……◆教材原句Whatdotheythinkisimportanttofightagainstglobalwarming?他們認(rèn)為什么是對抗全球變暖的重要因素？◆要點(diǎn)必記fightagainsttheenemy和敵人作戰(zhàn) fightagainsteachother互相打架fightfor努力爭??；為……而斗爭 fightforjustice為正義而戰(zhàn)fightforpeace/freedom為和平/自由而戰(zhàn) fightback還擊；抵抗fighthandtohand短兵相接；打肉搏戰(zhàn) fightone’sway奮力辟出一條路；努力奮斗fightwith與……交戰(zhàn)；用……反對某人fightwithsb.about/oversth.就某事與某人爭辯◆單句語法填空（1）［2017·江蘇卷］Withnothingonthehand，theydidn’tdaretofight

thewolf.（2）Theyhavebeenfighting

freedomforyears.◆單句寫作（3）Oursoldiersbravely

（短兵相接）withtheenemyinthatcruelbattle.（4）Ithinkhe’llbestrongenoughto（奮力辟出一條路）along!◆翻譯句子（5）他們呼吁人民和政府采取措施抗擊光污染。

____________________________________________________________________against

for

foughthandtohand

fighthiswayTheycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstlightpollution.重點(diǎn)句式句式一leave+賓語+賓補(bǔ)◆教材原句nottoleavethetaprunning不要讓水龍頭開著◆句式分析本句中l(wèi)eavethetaprunning是“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。句中的thetap與run之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞?！粢c(diǎn)必記句式二with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)◆教材原句

nottoleavethehousewithlightsstillon不要亮著燈離開房子◆句式分析

句中的withlightsstillon是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)由副詞on充當(dāng)?！粢c(diǎn)必記

with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)常在句中作狀語，表示原因、方式、時(shí)間、條件或伴隨等。具體形式主要有：（1）with+賓語+形容詞 withthedooropen門開著（2）with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞（表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行） withadogfollowinghim一只狗跟著他（3）with+賓語+過去分詞（表示被動(dòng)或已經(jīng)完成） withthetaskfinished任務(wù)完成（4）with+賓語+動(dòng)詞不定式（表示尚未發(fā)生） withabooktopublish有書要出版（5）with+賓語+介詞短語 withabookinhishand他手里拿著一本書◆學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥

with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中還可作定語。Doyouknowtheladywithababyinherarms?你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)抱著嬰兒的女士嗎？◆單句語法填空（1）Withtheexperiencedguide

（lead）theway，wehadnodifficultygettingthroughtheforest.（2）IthinkthatI’lldowellintheexamwithMrsChen

（teach）me.（3）Withalotofproblems

（settle），Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.（4）Withallthework

（finish），theyhurriedbackhomeforlunch.（5）Themanagercameinwithhisassistant

（follow）him.（6）Theoldmanwalkedinwithastick

hishand.leading

teaching

tosettle

finishedfollowing

in

◆單句寫作（7）Wecompletelysolvedtheproblem

（很多科學(xué)的方法被使用）.(8)

（隨著大氣污染日益嚴(yán)重），thegovernmentneedstocomeupwithsomeeffectivemeasurestodealwithit.(9)

（有如此多的事情需要處理），Ican’tgoonholiday.(10)Doyouknowthegirl

（眼睛盯著）thepainting?withmanyscientificmethodsusedWithairpollutiongettingworse

Withsomanythingstodealwithwithhereyesfixedon句式三needtobedone某事需要被做◆教材原句Climatechangeisaterribleproblem，anditabsolutelyneedstobesolved.氣候變化是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題，它絕對需要解決?！艟涫椒治鼍渲械膎eedstobesolved是needtobedone結(jié)構(gòu)，主語與need后的動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，也可用主動(dòng)形式doing表達(dá)，即needtobedone=needdoing?！魧W(xué)法點(diǎn)撥needtodosth.“需要做某事”，表示主語與need后的動(dòng)詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。want/requiredoing=want/requiretobedone需要被……這個(gè)問題需要仔細(xì)考慮。Theproblemneedscarefulconsideration.Theproblemneedsconsideringcarefully.Theproblemneedstobeconsideredcarefully.◆單句語法填空（1）Theflowersaredryandtheyneed

（water）.（2）Ineed

（get）inshape.HowdoIregisterfortheclasses?（3）We’vehadagoodstart，butnext，moreworkneeds

（do）toachievethefinalsuccess.（4）Inthisarticle，youneed

（back）upgeneralstatementswithspecificexamples.◆同義句轉(zhuǎn)換（5）Thewholehouseneedspainting.→Thewholehouseneeds

.◆句式仿寫（6）這個(gè)問題需要立即解決。___________________________________________________watering/tobewatered

toget

doing/tobedonetoback

tobepainted

Theproblemneedssolving/tobesolvedrightaway.句式四asif引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句◆教材原句Weareusingresourcesasifwehadtwoplanets，notone.我們在使用資源，就好像我們有兩個(gè)地球，而不是一個(gè)?！艟涫椒治鼍渲械腶sif