江蘇省1屆高三英語閱讀理解精讀(4)Women'sPositionsinthe17,hCenturySocialcircumstancesinEarlyModemEnglandmostlyservedtorepresswomen'svoices.Patriarchalcultureandinstitutionsconstructedthemaschaste,silent,obedient,andsubordinate.Atthebeginningofthe17thcentury,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,andgenderhierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinTheTrewLawofFreeMonarchicandtheBasilikonDoron;bythatideologytheabsolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedintheabsolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily.Accordingly,awoman'ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imaged(hesubjectionofEnglishpeople(otheirmonarch,andofallChristianstoGod.Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressiveorovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomen'sphysicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewishness,andnaturalinferioritytomen.Yetsomesocialandculturalconditionsservedtoempowerwomen.DuringtheElizabethanera(1558—1603)theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.Elizabethanwomenwritersbegantoproduceoriginaltextsbutwereoccupiedchieflywithtranslation.Inthe17lhcentury,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowriteoriginaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities—mothersanddaughters,extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtofQueenAnne(KingJames'consort)andheroftenoppositionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation(modernlanguages,history,literature,religion,music,occasionallyLatin)andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistoriesmoreexpansivetermsforimaginingwomen'slives.Also,representationofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersinliteratureandespeciallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithicsocialconstructofwomen'smatureandrole.Mostimportant,perhaps,wastheradicalpotentialinherentintheProtestantinsistenceoneveryChristian'simmediaterelationshipwithGodandprimaryresponsibilitytofollowhisorherindividualconscience.ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul'sepistlesandelsewhereintheBibleforpatriarchyandawifeyssubjectiontoherhusband,butsometexts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifterentpolitics,promotingwomen'sspiritualequality:t4ThereisneitherJewnorGreek,thereisneitherbondnorfree,thereisneithermalenorfemale:foryearealloneinJesusChrist."SuchtextsencouragedsomewomentoclaimthesupportofGodthesupremepatriarchagainstthevariousearthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisstead.Thereisalsothegaporslippagebetweenideologyandcommonexperience.Englishwomenthroughoutthe17thcenturyexercisedagooddealofaccrualpower:asmanagersofestatesintheirhusbands'absencesatcourtoronmilitaryanddiplomaticmissions;asmembersofguilds;aswivesandmotherswhoapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnum(1640-60)as(heexecutionof(heKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles—aspreachers,asprophetesses,asdeputiesforexiledroyalisthusbands,aswritersofreligiousandpoliticaltracts.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?.Women'sPositioninthe17thCentury..Women'sSubjectiontoPatriarchy.fC].SocialCircumstancesinthe17,hCentury..Women'sobjectioninthe17lhCentury.WhatdidtheQueenElizabethdoforthewomeninculture?.Shesetanimpressivefemaleexampletofollow.[BJ.Shedominated(heculture..Shedidlittle..Sheallowedwomentotranslatesomething.WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionasareasontoenablewomentooriginaltexts?.Femalecommunitiesprovidedsomecounterweighttopatriarchy..QueenAnne'spoliticalactivities.ICJ.Mostwomenhadagoodeducation..QueenElizabeth'spoliticalactivities.Whatdid(hereligionsofbrthewomen?[A],1(didnothing..Ittooaskedwomentobeobedientexceptsometexts..Itsupportedwomen.

.1(appealed(otheGod.Vocabulary1.repress壓制，鎮(zhèn)壓，約束2.patriarchy族長制，家長制3.chaste貞潔的，高雅的4.hierarchy等級制5.monarch君主，最高統(tǒng)治6.image象征，反映7.overtly公開的，明顯的8.outpour傾瀉9.sermon布道，說教10.tract政治宗教，小冊子傳單11.misogynist反對婦女12.shrewish潑婦似的，愛罵街的13.counterweight抗衡14.consort配偶15.masque化裝舞會16.monolithic鐵板一樣的，磐石般的17.epistle圣經(jīng)?新約中的使徒書18.Galatians新約圣經(jīng)中加拉太書19.inscribe寫，題寫，銘記難句譯注Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressiveorovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomen'sphysicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewishness,andnaturalinferioritytomen.［結(jié)構(gòu)簡析］這是一種句型，年代，時間+see,find等動詞+賓語。［參考譯文］這一時期出來許多約束或明顯反對婦女的布道(教義)，小冊子和戲劇，詳細(xì)地描述了婦女精神上和肉體上的缺陷，精神罪惡，叛逆，兇狠，天生低于男人的品性。Suchtextsencouragedsomewomen(oclaimthesupportofGodthesupremepatriarchagainstthevariousearthlypatriarchswhoclaimed(ostandtowardtheminhisstead.［結(jié)構(gòu)簡析］inone'sstead代替某人。【參考譯文］這樣的版本鼓勵有些婦女去尋求最高家長，上帝的支持，以對抗各種各樣凡間家長，他們聲稱替代上帝對付她們。寫作方法與文章大意文章論述了17世紀(jì)英國婦女的地位，采用對比寫作手法。一方面(第一段)英皇詹姆士重新以法律形式確定：家長制的思想體系，政治上集權(quán)主義，性別等級制。而思想意識是上帝的絕對權(quán)威：最高等級制體現(xiàn)在絕對君主政權(quán)上，體現(xiàn)在家庭的父親和丈夫身l-.o所以婦女先對父親，后對丈夫的服從體現(xiàn)了英國臣民對君權(quán)，全體基督徒對上帝的服從。那時代造就的婦女都是貞潔，沉默，服從，低下。另方面，某些社會和文化因素賦予婦女以力量，首先是女皇伊麗莎白統(tǒng)治的時期，她本身就是一個強(qiáng)有力的榜樣。其次一些婦女親情關(guān)系，以及安娜女皇的分庭抗禮統(tǒng)治活動和舞會。再則是大多數(shù)活動?jì)D女都受過良好教育。最重要的是有些圣經(jīng)文本鼓吹婦女精神平等。最后一段論述了英國婦女實(shí)際上有的已經(jīng)掌握實(shí)權(quán)，如丈夫公務(wù)，他們管理莊園田產(chǎn)。答案祥解A.17世紀(jì)英國婦女地位。見上面文章大意。B.婦女服從于家族制。D.17世紀(jì)婦女的反抗，都是A.內(nèi)容中的一部分，不能作為最佳標(biāo)