UnitTwo

SentenceStudyJuliehadturned8inOctoberandasChristmasapproached,SantaClauswasmoreandmoreonhermind.(L.1)Juliehadbecome8inOctober.WiththeapproachofChristmas,shethoughtaboutSantaClausemoreandmore.

十月份朱莉已經(jīng)滿8歲了。隨著圣誕節(jié)的臨近，她越來越惦念著圣誕老人。

NeitherhenorIwassureshereallywantedthetruth.(L.5)neither…nor…:

e.g.Ineedneitheryourhelpnorhis.

Theyworkneitherforfamenorforpersonalgain.他和我一樣，無法確定她是否真的想知道真相。既不……也不……（連接并列成分）PhraseRelatedeither…or…:e.g.Youcouldeithergotothelibraryorattendtheclass.

Notice

當(dāng)以上兩詞組連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞和最近的主語一致。不是……就是……；……或……（連接并列成分）Brainstorm1）你姑姑和我都沒有任何別的想法，只是怎樣對(duì)你最好。NeitheryourauntnorIhaveanyotherthoughtbutwhatIsbestforyou.2）明天薩姆或喬陪你去開會(huì)。EitherSamorJoewillaccompanyyoutothemeetingtomorrow.Andwebothwerereluctant

togiveupSantaClausourselves.(L.6)而且我倆也都不愿意放棄圣誕老人。

WegottotellJulieandheryoungerbrother,Adam,toputoutthecookiesincase

Santawashungry.(L.6)我們告訴朱莉和她弟弟亞當(dāng)，需放些餅干在外面以防圣誕老人肚子餓。Wemadeafussabout

thefirebeingoutinthefireplacesohewouldn’tgetburned.(L.8)Wedeliberatelyinsistedthefireinthefireplacebeputout,oritwouldburnSantaClaus.Actually,weknewclearlyitwasnotnecessaryforustodoso.

我們故弄玄虛地說，要把壁爐里的火滅了，他（圣誕老人）才不會(huì)被燒傷。

thefirebeing復(fù)合賓語：名（代）詞+現(xiàn)在分詞

名詞或代詞為現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語或賓語e.g.Ican’timagineGradmaridingamotor-bike.Heinsisteduponasecondmessagebeingsent.SentenceEnhancement1）Ishouldaskyou________________________.(而不是你問我)2）Iremember__________________________.(他父親曾告知我此事)insteadofyouaskingmehisfathertellingmeaboutitWeissuedafewthreatsabouthislistofgoodchildrenandbad.(L.9)WewarnedthatSantaClaushadalistofgoodchildrenandbadchildren.

我們幾次發(fā)出威脅，說圣誕老人手上有一份好孩子和壞孩子的名單。ItwasallpartofthetensionandthrillofChristmasEve—thenightthefantasycomestrue.Andthatfantasyofafatjollymanwhofliesthroughtheskyinasleighandarrivesviachimneywithpresents—thatsinglebeliefsayseverythingabouttheinnocenceofchildren.(L.10)ThiswasChristmasEve,anintenseandexcitingeveningwhendreamsbecamereality.Afatandhappyoldmanfliesthroughtheskyinasleighandarrivesviachimneywithgifts.Thisbeliefshowshowinnocentchildrenare.

這就是圣誕前夜緊張而激動(dòng)人心的一幕——夢幻成真的一夜：一個(gè)胖乎乎、樂呵呵的老人，駕著雪掠過天空，帶著禮物從煙囪來到這兒——僅此想就極盡童真?！璽henightthefantasycomestrue:

Noticethatinthesentence,therelativeadv.“when”hasbeenleftoutafter“thenight”.Thisiscommonwhentherelativeclauseismodifyingatimeexpression.e.g.Theday(that,when,onwhich)IarrivedwasMonday.Note：

“Andthatfantasy…withpresents”

istheappositive

of“thatsinglebelief”.

Andinthesentence

“who…withpresents”

isanattributiveclausetomodifytheantecedent

“man”. IfSantaweretosignit,shecouldcompare

ourhandwriting

withhis.(L.18)這樣如果圣誕老人簽名的話，她就可以把我們的跡和他的進(jìn)行比較。IfSantaweretosignitshecould…類型從句主句對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬過去時(shí)（be用were）woulddo

對(duì)過去情況的虛擬

had+donewouldhavedone對(duì)將來情況的虛擬

shoulddo(pasttense,wereto)woulddoIf結(jié)構(gòu)虛擬句(subjunctivemood)：表示是假設(shè)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性不大。SomeExamplesIfI

hadvaluedher

trueloveatthattime,we

wouldhavebeen

aperfectmatch.IfGod

gave(shouldgive)

meanotherchance,

I

wouldsay

toher“Iloveyou”.

Ifourlove

hadtobe

setatimelimit,it

wouldbe

10.000years.Notes:錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的從句表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致。

e.g.Ifhehadnottakenthedrug,hewouldbestillalivetoday.(從句是對(duì)過去情況的虛擬假設(shè)，主句對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬)2.

虛擬語氣的倒裝——省略“if”條件句：

If被省略掉而把

were,had,should

放在主語前面。e.g.Wereitnotfortheirhelp,wewouldbeingreattrouble.

Ifitwerenotfortheirhelp,wewouldbeingreattrouble.=Thenshewouldknowshehadnotbeentricked.(L.19)然后她就會(huì)知道自己是否被騙了。

Afterashortdiscussion,weoptedfordeceit.(L.25)Afterashortdiscussion,wechoosedishonesty.商量片刻，我們決定哄騙他們。Jerrytookthenoteand,inthesquiggliesthandwritingimaginable,wrote“MerryChristmas,SantaClaus.”(L.25)杰瑞拿出那張字條，用盡可能潦草的字跡寫上“祝你圣誕快樂！圣誕老人。”

Thenextmorning,veryearly,about6,weheardJulieandAdamteardownthehall.(L.28)我們聽見朱莉和亞當(dāng)沖進(jìn)樓下的客廳?！癐knowforsure,forreally,reallysure.Look!”andJulieproducedtheproof.(L.36)

“我肯定地知道。非常、非常肯定?？?！”朱莉出示了證據(jù)。

Icouldseehewastryingtothinkofaway,anyway,toexplainourbehaviorsoitwouldn’tsoundquiteasdeceptive,wrongandstupidasitwas.(L.47)Isawhimstrugglingtofindacertainwaytoexplainourbehavior,makingitsoundnotsodeceptive,wrongandstupid.我看得出，他正努力尋思著用某種方法來解釋我的行為，不管是什么方法，得讓它聽起來不是那充滿欺騙、謬誤和愚蠢。as…as…:

usedwhenyouarecomparingtwopeople,things,situationsetc.Notice:

Theadj.oradv.inbetweenshouldbepositivedegree.

e.g.Sheisanoldwomanwithhairaswhiteassnow.Notes：

“hewastrying…asitwas”

isanobjectclause. “anyway”

isaninsertedstructure. “…deceptive,wrongandstupid…”

isaparataxisstructure.

名詞:

Studiesservefordelight,forornament(高雅),andforability. 形容詞:

Jackishonest,diligent,andtalented.

副詞：Theworkishandsomelyandskillfullydone.

介詞詞組：Theroomisfifteenfeetinlengthandthirteenfeetinwidth.

Othercomponentspossibletobeusedasparataxisstructure:

不定式：Toknowwhatisgoodandtodowhatisrightarenotthesamething.