BusinessCommunicationFundamentalsChapterThreeInterculturalCommunicationi.UnderstandingCulturesandCommunicationii.HighContextorLowContext?iii.DevelopingInterculturalBusinessCommunicationSkillsiv.BusinessAnthropogeography:DoingBusinessaroundtheWorldCultureandItsContextCultureisalearnedsetofsharedinterpretationsaboutbeliefs,values,norms,andsocialpractices,whichaffectthebehaviorsofarelativelylargegroupofpeople.CommunicationexpertEdwardHalldevelopedausefulwaytounderstandculturesbyidentifyingtheirsocialframeworksas“highcontext”or“l(fā)owcontext”.Highcontextculturesemphasizethecontextinwhichacommunicationtakesplace;theypayagreatdealofattentiontoimplicit,nonverbalmessages.Incontrast,lowcontextculturesplacelessemphasisonthecontextofacommunication(suchasimpliedmeaningornonverbalmessages);theyrelyonexplicitverbalmessages.HighcontextculturesApersonfromahighcontextculturegenerally:ReliesonimplicitcommunicationEmphasizesnonverbalcommunicationSubordinatestaskstorelationshipsEmphasizescollectiveinitiativeanddecision-makingViewsemployer/employeerelationshipashumanisticReliesonintuitionortrustratherthanfactsandstatisticsPrefersindirectstyleinwritingandspeakingFavorscircularorindirectreasoningAdherestothespiritofthelawLowcontextculturesFromanothernineaspects,apersonfromalowcontextculturegenerally:Reliesonexplicit(literal)communicationEmphasizesverbalcommunicationovernonverbalcommunicationSeparatesjobtasksfromrelationshipsEmphasizesindividualinitiativeanddecision-makingViewsemployer/employeerelationshipasmechanisticReliesonfacts,statistics,andotherdetailsassupportingevidenceUsesdirectstylewritingandspeakingPreferslinearreasoningDevelopingInterculturalBusinessCommunicationSkillsTakeresponsibilityforcommunication.Showrespect.Tolerateambiguity.Bepatientandpersistent.Beflexible.Emphasizecommonground.Sendclearmessages.Increaseyourculturalsensitivity.Dealwiththeindividual.DifferentconceptsindifferentculturesInbusinesscommunication,weshouldnoticethatdifferentconceptsindifferentculture,especiallyfacingthesameobject.ColorAnimalsblackcart,dog,pig,dragonProverbsNumbers4,13,11,BusinessAnthropogeography

DoingBusinessaroundtheWorldAnthropogeographyisakeypieceofknowledgebothinbusinessandcross-culturalcommunication,involvinggeographicsurvey,language,population,weather,timedifference,currencies,economicorganizations,marketleaders,seaports,airports,airlinesandaeriallines,religions,traditions,etc.AsiaAsthelargestcontinent,ithasanareaof44,000,000sqkm,thelargestpopulation(3.776billionin2006).FarEast,MiddleEast,SouthAsia&SouthEastAsiaAsia:ChinaMainReligions:Buddhism,Taoism,ConfucianismKeepsthelargestforeignexchangereserves38000美元（1974），1.67億（1978），5400億（2004），1萬億（2006），2萬億（2010）Thelargesttrader(2010中德美)10%ofglobaltrade;ThelargestexporterGDPgrowthby9%onaverageoverthepast30years德精英調(diào)查:中國20年后將成第一經(jīng)濟大國,第二政治大國目前排名：“政治大國”：美國、中國、俄羅斯、歐盟、法國、德國；“經(jīng)濟大國”：美國、中國、德國、英國、法國、歐盟。

20年后排名：“經(jīng)濟大國”：中國、美國、印度、歐盟、德國、巴西；“政治大國”：美國、中國、歐盟、俄羅斯、印度、巴西。Asia:JapanMainReligions:Shinto（神道）,BuddhismRespectfortheAgedDay,Sept15thGDP(PPPPurchasingPowerParity)ranksasthe3rdbehindUSA&PRC.CIARankOrderGDPPercapita2007/2009ExportCommodities:machinery,motorvehicles,consumerelectronicsImportCommodities:manufactures,foodstuffs,rawmaterials,fossilfuelsAsia:SouthKoreaMainReligions:Buddhism,ChristianNationalFlag:《周易》(烏克蘭)伏羲《易經(jīng)》“易有太極，是生兩儀（天地），兩儀生四象金木水火），四象生八卦（乾代表天，坤代表地，坎代表水，離代表火，震代表雷，艮(gèn)代表山，巽(xùn)代表風(fēng)，兌代表澤）”O(jiān)neofthe4TigersofAsiaGDP7timesIndia’s,17timesNorthKorea’sAsia:SouthKoreaExportCommodities:electronic&electricalequipment,machinery,steel,automobiles,ships,textiles,clothing(footwear),fishImportCommodities:machinery，electronics&electronicequipment,oil,transportequipment,textiles,organicchemicals,grainsAsia:IndiaPopulation:11億(2009)Alargeshareofthepopulation,about40%,remainstoopoortoaffordanadequatediet.Softwaredevelopmentaccountsfor70%Export:textiles,gems&jewelry,leatherImport:crudeoil,machinery,fertilizer,chemicalsAsia:PakistanTheyarethemaingroupofimporterofChinesetextilemarketAsia:SingaporeChineseasanofficiallanguage.Apopulationover5millionwithChineseaccountingfor76.2%,mainlyfromGuangdong,Fujian,ShanghaiandHainan.Oneofthe4TigersinAsia.Export:computerequipment,rubberproducts,telecommunicationsequipmentImport:aircraft,petroleum,foodstuffsAsian:VietnamVietnamsufferedthree“l(fā)ostdecades”inthe20thcentury.In2001,theUS-VietnamBilateralTradeAgreementservesasaneconomicboost.Export:rice,log,marineproducts,coffee,rubber,teaImport:machinery,steelproducts,rawcotton,motorcyclesAsia:SaudiArabiaOil-basedeconomy:largestreservesofpetroleumintheworld(26%)andlargestexporterplayingaleadingroleinOPEC.GreenrelishesluckandlifeinIslam:國旗.Whiteispurity.宗教警察：禁女士駕車、外出披Abaya.禁忌公共場所拍照Asia:UnitedArabEmiratesaMiddleEasternfederationofsevenstatessituatedinthesoutheastoftheArabianPeninsulainSouthwestAsiaonthePersianGulf,borderingOmanandSaudiArabia.DubaiAfricaThesecondlargestcontinentandsecondlargestpopulation.NorthAfrica,WestAfrica,CentralAfrica,EastAfricaandSouthernAfricaAfrica:EgyptAsacountryofIslam,Egyptiansarenotusedtopayingavisittoadifferentsex.骯臟的左手---方便、臟活，“右比左好”。Yawningisadrivefromthedevil.不速之客也能受歡迎，但在商務(wù)會見中你也有可能被打斷、冷落。旅游：PyramidsandSphinxAfrica:SouthAfricaReligions:Christian,CatholicismModerateagriculturalsectorandFabulousmineralwealth(gold,diamond)Export:gold,diamondandothermineralsImport:machinery,textiles,scientificinstrumentsEuropeThesecondsmallestcontinentonlylargerthanAustraliabutthethirdinpopulation.EuropeanUnion(EU),foundedon1stNov,1993,isof27independentcountriesfoundedtoenhancepolitical,economicandsocialcooperation.CommonwealthofIndependentStates(CIS),foundedinDec1991,isof12countriesincludingRussia.Europe:DenmarkMaerskLogistics

A.P.Moller馬士基集團成立于1904年，總部設(shè)立在丹麥哥本哈根，遍布全球125個國家，旗下員工超過100000名。

自1924年進入中國后，至今已建立了30家獨資或合資公司，招募了超過5000名員工。Andersen’sFairyTalesEurope:ItalyWheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Export:textiles,productionmachinery,motorvehicles,tobacco,beverages,foodImport:textiles,energyproducts經(jīng)常遲到：Sorry,trafficjam!最輕松的翻譯。Ciao!Grazie!PlagoEurope:GermanyThe5thlargestnationaleconomyintheworldbutprovedtobeoneoftheslowestgrowingeconomiesintheentireEurozone.Export:machinery,vehicles,manufacturesImport:foodstuffs,textilesEurope:SwitzerlandAprosperousandstablemodernmarketeconomywithlowunemploymentandahighlyskilledlaborforceExport:watchesSwatchGroupofSwitzerlandImport:textiles,agriculturalproductsEurope:FranceFrance’sleadersremaincommittedtoacapitalisminwhichtheymaintainsocialequitybymeansoflaws,taxpolicies,andsocialspendingthatreduceincomedisparityandtheimpactoffreemarketsonpublichealthandwelfare.Europe:FranceTheratioofBlue,WhiteandRedinthenationalflagis30:33:37tosolvethevisualproblemofBluemuchwiderthanRed.MuchemphasislaidonFashion,“ParisStyle”FrenchGourmetLaDefense---CommercialZone3Europe:FranceCarrefour歐洲最大零售商世界第二大零售商世界最大食品零售商世界最國際化的零售企業(yè)中國最大外資零售商Europe:NetherlandsHolland;DutchlandShell殼牌石油，統(tǒng)一潤滑油Europe:UKOneofthe4TrilliondollareconomiesofWesternEurope(Germany,France,Italy),aleadingtradingpowerandfinancialcenterHSBCHoldingEurope:UK三大禁忌a.排隊不加塞兒。b.不問女士年齡。c.不能砍價Yorkshire風(fēng)俗：女孩該談婚論嫁時穿緊身衣，綠色表示“我愿戀愛，大膽追求吧！”，黃色“有機遇，中意便可能成功?！?，紅色“別理我！”Europe:PolandAsuccessstoryamongtransitioneconomieswhichsteadfastlypursuedapolicyofeconomicliberalization.FatherofEsperanto:Zamenhof柴門霍夫Publicfacility:▽forGents’〇forLadies’MostlovelygirlsinEuropeAmericaThethirdcontinentNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement,NAFTA(北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū))，launchedinJan,1994,hassetavaluableexampleofthebenefitsoftradeliberalizationincludingUSA,CanadaandMexico.America:USATheUSAistheUK’slargestsingleexportmarketandtheUKisthesixthbiggestexportertotheUSAafterCanada,Mexico,China,JapanandGermany.WalmartStores,ExxonMobil(oil),FordMotor,GeneralElectric,CitibankAmerica:CanadaMainReligions:Christianity,Judaism,Islam,HinduHighlyproductivefarmingwithonly8%ofcoverageExport:fertilizer,machineryImport:crudeoil,durableconsumergoodsAmerica:MexicoMainReligions:Catholic,ProtestantWorld’slargestproducerofsilverandoneofthe5majorproducersofoil.餐飲：仙人掌cactus5000年前的瑪雅(Maya)文化主要孕育、興起、發(fā)展于今墨西哥的尤卡坦半島，這一地區(qū)的總面積為32.4萬平方公里，其人口最高峰時達1400萬人。America:BrazilUsingBrazilianPortuguese,asalower-middleincomeeconomy,BrazilistheUK’mostimportanttradingpartnerinLatinAmerica.BRICs金磚四國，2050年，世界經(jīng)濟格局將會劇烈洗牌，全球新的六大經(jīng)濟體將變成中國、美國、印度、日本、巴西、俄羅斯。目前掌握經(jīng)濟話語權(quán)的G7(美國、日本、德國、英國、法國、意大利和加拿大)。OceaniaThesmallestcontinent,mainlyAustralia,NewZealand,PapuaNewGuinea.Oceania:AustraliaArea:7,686,850sqkmPopulation:20,264,000(over50millioninZhejiangprovince)ThethirdlargesteconomyinAsia-PacificRegionafterJapanandChina.Export:minerals(coal,gold),meat,woolImport:machinery,equipmentRabbitsarenotluckysymbolsthere.Oceania:NewZealandTheLordoftheRings,ReturnoftheKing毛利人（Māori）NationalBird:KiwiDogeating勤奮的牧羊犬創(chuàng)造了新西蘭HelenClarkMainReligiousSchoolsChristianityHinduismBuddhismTaoism