大學英語四級作文魯曉川

最新CET-4專題講解：廣西大學中加國際學院四級寫作題材－?？荚掝}四級寫作的題材具有顯著的現(xiàn)實性，基本可以分為兩大類：

1.貼近大學生的學習工作及課余生活的校園題材。

2.論及當前社會的現(xiàn)象、發(fā)展變化及進步的社會熱點話題。校園題材校園題材：主要涉及大學生的校園學習、生活、擇業(yè)及人生觀等方面A.學習

OnStudents’SelectingLecturers（2006,6New）

IsATestofSpokenEnglishNecessary？（2000,6）

HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation？（2000,1）

ReadingSelectivelyorExtensively？（1999,6）

HowIOvercameMyDifficultiesinLearningEnglish？（1992,6）

B.生活

VolunteersNeeded（（2006,6Old）

Teachers’Day（2005,6）

ACampaignSpeech（2005,1）

TheDayMyClassmateFellIll/GotInjured（2003,9）

ALettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampus.（2002,1）

C.擇業(yè)、人生觀：

HowtoSucceedinaJobInterview（2001,1）

AdvantagesofaJobInterview（1995,6）

MyIdealJob（1994,6）

IsFailureaBadThing？（1992,1）社會熱點話題

社會熱點話題與普通百姓社會生活緊密相關(guān)的話題，如：環(huán)境話題、交通話題、休閑娛樂、疾病與健康等話題。

LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBags(2008.12)SpringFestivalGalaonCCTV(2006.12)HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentobeIndependent?（2010）AnEye-WitnessAccountofaTrafficAccident（2003,6）

ItPaystoBeHonest（2003,1）

Don’tHesitatetoSay“No”（1999,1）

Do“LuckyNumbers”ReallyBringGoodLuck？（1998,6）

HarmfulnessofFakeCommodities（1998,1）

GlobalShortageofFreshWater（1996,6）

CanMoneyBuyHappiness？（1995,1）

TheWorldisGettingSmallerandSmaller（1994,1）

MyMostFavoriteProgram（1993,6）

PositiveandNegativeAspectsofSports（1993,1）

ChangesinPeople’sDiet（1991,6）

Bicycles——AnImportantMeansofTransportinChina（1991,1）

MakeOurCityGreener（1990,6）健康1身體健康health:physical:--keepfit;wellbeing—(emotional/physical/psychological)2008.12/2008.06/2007.12/98.06/93.01/91/902人的心理健康psychologically,mentally:independent,cooperative,competitive,considerate,confident,creative,sociable,selfish,isolated,conservative---2009.12(綠色校園不僅指綠色環(huán)境）/2007.12/2007.06—參加社團緩解壓力教育與娛樂

recreation,relax,entertainment;cultivate,foster,enlighten,giveinspirationto,motivate,expandone’shorizon促進學生身心發(fā)展promotethestudent’sphysical,intellectualandemotionaldevelopment(well-rounded/versatile)mouldone’scharacter;teamspirit—2009.06(博物館免費開放的目的）-2008.06（娛樂使人們受益）/2007.12(學生選課不同原因)/2007.06(參加社團的好處)/2006.12(看春晚)方便VS效率2008.12—一次性塑料袋廣泛使用2002.06—計算機普及程度2002.01—食堂服務(wù)1994.01—現(xiàn)代化交通工具發(fā)達….1991.01---自行車在中國這樣普及2006.06—學生自由選擇教師—方便學生,提高辦學的效率節(jié)省和浪費savetime/money/space;economical,thrift;wastetime/money/space;costly2009.06—博物館作為教育資源2008.12—塑料袋使用2004.01—報考專業(yè)理由(人才浪費)2002.01---對食堂批評2000.01–上大學費用(takingapart-timejob—ease/alleviatefamilyfinancialburden1996.01—雙休日可能給大學生帶來的問題1998.01—假冒偽劣商品對個人(浪費金錢)環(huán)境environment,pollute,poisonous,dirty,contamination,detrimentalto,sustainabledevelopment;2009.12/2009.06—公共設(shè)施環(huán)境維護（圖片）2008.12—preserveenvironment2007.06—社團主要內(nèi)容—環(huán)保組織—”healtheworld”2005.12—校園是否對游客開放1990.06-城市綠化經(jīng)驗workingexperience,socialexperience,enterthesociety;practicalexperience;associatetheorywithpractice;（interpersonalskills)2007.12—開設(shè)選修課目的2007.06—社團的好處:expandone’shorizon;enlargeourknowledge;…2005.01—具備勝任學生會主席的條件2001.01---取得面試成功的因素97.06—大學生了解社會的必要性個人權(quán)利與自由2007.12—學生選課不同的原因2006.06—允許學生選擇老師(學生權(quán)利—student–centered)/2004.01–報考專業(yè)理由安全和危險：safe,danger,risk2009.06(公共場所存在安全隱患)2008.06/98.01—假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品安全隱患97.06—大學生了解社會的必要性(社會的險惡,陷阱—trap)96.01—雙休日帶來的問題—travel四級作文基本文體1、正反論證2、原因現(xiàn)象描述類3、圖表4、名言諺語5、信件大學英語四級作文原則語言第一位

結(jié)構(gòu)第二位

內(nèi)容第三位寫作前必備詞匯及句子結(jié)構(gòu)一、基礎(chǔ)詞匯（1）認為，主張argue,maintain,hold,believe（2）下結(jié)論，斷定comeintoconclusion,arriveattheconclusion,drawtheconclusion,conclude（3）重要的，有決定性的vital,crucial,critical,decisive

employ,utilize（4）充分運用optimize,makebestuseof,makefulluseof,

（5）當前，目前nowadays,atpresent,currently,presently（6）表達voice,convey,express（7）好處，優(yōu)點advantage，merit，benefit（8）壞處，缺點disadvantage,drawback,deficiency（9）集中精力于focuson,centeron,concentrateon（10）努力做，盡力做attemptto,makeeffortsto,endeavor(盡力)

to,

managetodo（11）開展，實施，做practice,carryon,conduct,perform,implement（12）強調(diào)，突出lay/placeemphasison,attachemphasisto,highlight,（13）珍愛，重視cherish,treasure,value,attachimportanceto（14）解釋accountfor,illustrate（15）為了forthesakeof,inorderto,soasto,onthepurposeof（16）方法，手段method,approach,means,measure,mode（17）在我看來，就我而言inmyview,inmybelief,asfarasIcansee,inmymind,asfarasIamconcerned,inmyopinion（18）解決，處理resolve,settle,dealwith,copewith（19）毋庸置疑的，確信的outofquestion,goingwithoutsaying,Itisnowonderthat…（20）.目擊witness,observe,view二、常用表示關(guān)系的詞Developmentbytime：

Now,nowadays,today,recently,currently,forthetimebeing,rightnow,presently,atpresent,justnow,thosedays,thepresent-dayworld,intheworldtoday.Developmentbyexamplesorillustrations：Forexample,forinstance,suchas,take...forexample,asanexample,asacaseinpoint,foronething,foranotherthing,toillustrateasanillustration,tonameonlyafew(one).Developmentbycauseandeffect因果：forthisreason,dueto,thanksto,because,becauseof,as,since,owingto,asaresult(of),accordingly,hence,so,thus,nowthat,so…that,such…that,consequently,inthisway,onaccountof表轉(zhuǎn)折：however,nevertheless,onthecontrary,ratherthan,insteadof,but,yet,ontheotherhand,unfortunately,whereas,although,though,otherwise,onthecontraryinspiteof,despitethefactthat,eventhough,except(for),instead,ofcourse,afterall,evenso表可能：presumably,probably,perhaps,possibly,byanypossibility,itmaybethat,belikelyto,chancesare(that...),Idaresay

表解釋：inotherwords,infact,asamatteroffact,thatis,namely,insimplerterms,actually,franklyspeaking,thatistosay,toputitdifferently,表遞進：Whatismore,inaddition,and,besides,also,too,moreover,furthermore,aswellas,additionally,again,what’sworse,表讓步：although,afterall,inspiteofdespite,evenif,eventhough,though,admittedly,whatevermayhappen,whether...or...，however，whoever,whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,nomatterhow(who,what,which,where)表強調(diào)：indeed,infact,surely,certainly,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,obviously,aboveall,particularly,indeed,needlesstosay,mostimportantofall,apparently,still,Indeed,apparently,oddlyenough,ofcourse,afterall,significantly,interestingly,also,aboveall,undoubtedly,inanycase,anyway,especially,clearly.表示頻率:ingeneral,every,some,after,onthewhole,usually,most,atothertimes,inmostcases,frequently,main,finally,asarule,rarely,表示附加：additionally,aswellas,justas,again,alongwith,also,further,furthermore,likewise,inthesamemanner,inthesameway,inadditionto,表示目的：forthisreason，forthispurpose，sothat,inorderthat,inorderto,soasto,lest，三、名言警句（ProverbsandSayings）

作用：避免通篇白話Practicemakesperfect.Agoodbeginningishalfdone.Lookbeforeyouleap.Ifyouventurenothing,youwillhavenothing.Itgoeswithoutsayingthat.

Easiersaidthandone.說得容易，做得難。

Everylittlehelpsamickle.聚沙成塔，集腋成裘。Factspeaklouderthanwords.事實勝于雄辯。Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失敗是成功之母。Greatmindsthinkalike.英雄所見略同。

Harmset,harmget.

害人害己。

Itishardtopleaseall.眾口難調(diào)。Itisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老，學到老。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。Likefather,likeson.有其父必有其子。Neverjudgefromappearances.

不可以貌取人。

Neversaydie.

永不言敗。

Nevertoooldtolearn,nevertoolatetoturn.

亡羊補牢，為時未晚。

Nocross,nocrown.

不經(jīng)歷風雨，怎么見彩虹。

Nopains,nogains.

沒有付出就沒有收獲。

Readingenrichesthemind.

開卷有益。

Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.

一個和尚挑水喝，兩個和尚抬水喝，三個和尚沒水喝。

Theendjustifiesthemeans.

為達目的，不擇手段。

Twoheadsarebetterthanone.一個好漢三個幫。What'sdonecannotbeundone.木已成舟；生米煮成熟飯。

Wherethereislife,thereishope.

留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.

凡事必有因

四、高級替換

1.individuals,characters,folks替換people,persons。

2.positive,favorable,rosy(美好的),promising(有希望的),perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior替換good。

3.dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse,ill(有害的)替換bad,

如果bad做表語,可以用belessimpressive替換。

4.anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,ahostof,many,ifnotmost替換many。

注：用many和ifnotmost一定要小心,many后一定要有詞。

5.asliceof,quietafew,several替換some。

6.harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat替換think。

7.affair,business,matter替換thing。

8.shared替代common。

9.reaphugefruits替換getmanybenefits。

10.formypart,frommyownperspective替換inmyopinion。

11.increasingly,growing替換moreandmore

12.littleifanything,littleornothing替換hardly

13.beneficial,rewarding替換helpful

14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser替換customer

15.exceedingly,extremely,intensely替換very

16.hardlynecessary,hardlyinevitable替換unnecessary,avoidable

17.sth.appealstosb.,sth.exertsatremendousfascinationonsb.替換sb.takeinterestin/sb.beinterestedin

18.captureone'sattention替換attractone'sattention.

19.facet,dimension,sphere替代aspect

20.beindicativeof,besuggestiveof,befearfulof分別替代indicate,suggest,fear五、正式體&非正式體詞匯表達Formal

Informaldepartleaveresignquitpositionjobcannotcan’tadvertisementadencountercomeacrossutilizemakegooduseofHowtomakeasentence?（1）Typesofsentence

1)SV（主＋謂）

2)SVP（主＋謂＋表）

3)SVO（主＋謂＋賓）

4)SVoO（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）

5)SVOC（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補)（2）Howtomakeasentence?(ToBeginners)1）Completesentence(完整的句子）

e.g.Becauseverytired,Iwouldnotgo.2）Clearsentence(明白的句子）

e.g.Ateacher’sjobisaclear-waterdoor.3）Correctsentence(正確的句子）

e.g.ShallIbringthistotheofficeforyou?（3）Howtowriterhetoricsentences?

1）Shortandlongsentences

e.g.TheGettysburgAddress

(AbrahamLincoln,1863)Fourscoreandsevenyearsago,ourfathersbroughtforthuponthiscontinentanewnation,conceivedanddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.

Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnationoranynationsoconceivedanddedicatedcanlongendure.Wearemetonthebattlefieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfieldasafinal-restingplaceforthosewhogavetheirlivesthatthenationmightlive.Itisaltogetherandproperthatweshoulddothis.But,inalargersense,wecannotdedicate,wecannotconsecrate,wecannothallowthisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,haveconsecrateditfaraboveourpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenotewhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforus,theliving,rathertobededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus,thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion,thatthenationshallhaveanewbirthoffreedom,thatthegovernmentofthepeople,bythepeopleandforthepeopleshallnotperishfromtheearth.2）Theloosesentence（松散句）先表達主要概念，然后補充次要概念。其有3種類型：（１）按正常語序排列的簡單句e.g.Theroadtosuccessliesthroughmanyathornycourse,acrossmanyadrearystretchofdesertland,overmanyanobstacle,fromwhichthefaintingheartisoftentemptedtoturnback.Wecametoourjourney’sendatlast,withnosmalldifficulty,aftermuchfatigue,throughdeeproadandbadweather.（２）主句在前從句在后的復(fù)合句e.g.TheSwissaresecondonlytotheAmericans,ifthechartindicatingpercapitawealthisdependable（３）并列句e.g.Therewasalampburningonthetablebesidemeandalittleboxlyingnearthelamp.3）Theperiodicsentence(掉尾句、懸念句、圓周句）先介紹細節(jié)，將重點放在句尾。e.g.Ihavenoearsformusic.(我沒有音樂天賦）Nogirlsareuglyat18.(18歲的姑娘個個都有美麗之處）(掉尾句、懸念句、圓周句）其有2種類型：（１）修飾語（狀語）位于句首的簡單句

Onthetablebesidemeburnedalamp,andnearitlayalittlebox.（２）從句在前主句在后的復(fù)合句e.g.Althoughhewasinterestedinmusic,hefinallycametothiscollegetostudyEnglish.對比以下兩句,哪句更優(yōu)？

TheSeven-starParkisoneofthescenicplacesinGuilin,anditlooksitsbestinthesummertime,andmanyforeigntouristsareattractedbyit.

TheSeven-starPark,oneofthescenicplacesinGuilin,looksitsbestinthesummertime,attractingmanyforeigntourists.4）Thebalancesentence(對偶句）e.g.Iwentabeggarandcamebackaprince.我去時窮如乞丐，回來時富如王子。Bettertoreign(統(tǒng)治)inhellthanserveinheaven.寧為雞首，勿為牛后Howtobeginasentence?(句子開頭多樣化）

LiuHsin-wenisourmonitor.Heisfromaworker’sfamily.HeisaLeaguemember.HestudiesEnglish.Heisagoodstudent.Hestudieshard.Everybodysaysheisagoodcomrade.

許國璋《英語》第一冊第9課，這種寫法不宜效仿）采取何種方式開句，取決于3原則：1）銜接原則

Holdingredbanners,theblackworkersmarchedalong.Onthebannerswerewords:“Wewantbread.”2）強調(diào)原則

Tothelistmaybeaddedthefollowingnames.3）勻稱原則

Alongtheriverbanksstretchedfieldsofgreenriceandwheat.1）用作主語同位語的名詞短語開頭

Anexperiencedpattern-makerat55,MasterAhMinghasChinesechessforhishobby.2）用動詞不定式短語開頭

TomakeChinarichandstrong,weshoulddopainstakingwork.3）用介詞短語開頭

Withhisapproval,wevisitedHantwoweekslater.4）用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)開頭Clubinhand,herushedafterthatman.5）用形容詞短語開頭

Colorful,lifelikeandoriginal,theseworksofarthaddistinctivenationalandlocalcharacteristics.6）用現(xiàn)在分詞短語開頭

Turningaround,shesawanambulancedrivingup.7）用過去分詞短語開頭

Taughtbymistakesandsetbacks,wehavebecomewiserandhandleourproblemsbetter.8）副詞開頭

Noiselesslyshewentintothekitchenandlitthestove.9）用倒裝句

Happyisthemanwhoiscontented.10）省略句

Someoftherebelswerearmedwithrifles,otherswithswords,andstillotherswithspears.Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.閱讀使人充實；交談使人敏捷；寫作使人準確。

--OfStudies,FrancisBacon綜合運用上述技巧范例：

SituatedinthesouthoftheNortherntropic,Nanningenjoysamildclimate.Heregrassremainsgreenthroughoutwinter,whiletheflowersareinbloomalltheyearround.

南寧坐落在北回歸線以南，氣候溫和，在這里草經(jīng)冬而不衰，花不春而常開。句型與結(jié)構(gòu)1）Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)--Thereisnosenseinleavingimportantdecisionstoinexperiencedpeople.--Thereareindicationsthatstudents’cheatingmaybeontherise.--Thereisnodoubtthatthesemeasureswillcontributetothesolutionoftheproblem.2)It結(jié)構(gòu)

Itisadvisabletoexercisepatienceindealingwithsuchcomplicatedsituations.

Itisessentialthatyoungandoldpeopleshouldcommunicatemorewitheachother.

Itisthoughtlessforsomeparentstoallowtheirchildtowatchwhateverprogramisontelevision.

Itisonlyrecentlythatsciencehasbeguntogiveussomeideaofhowthebrainreallyworks.

Itwilltakethecouncilafewweekstojudgethesituationbeforeittakesanyfurtheraction.

Itiswellknownthatmanyofourproblemsarecausedatleastinpartbyfailuretocommunicate.

Itisanencouragingsignthatpeople’spurchasingpowerisontherise.

Manypeoplefinditharderandhardertokeepupwiththeradicalchangesthatcharacterizeourtime.3)主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)

WhatIrememberthenisnotherfailure,buthercourage,thecouragetogoahead.4)Nothingis+…erthanto…(…cannotemphasizetheimportanceof…toomuch)

Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceiveeducation.5)Thereasonwhy…isthat…

Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovideuswithfreshair.6）平行結(jié)構(gòu)（parallelism)

Youcanfoolallthepeoplesomeofthetimeandsomeofthepeopleallofthetime,butyoucan’tfoolallofthepeopleallofthetime.(AbrahamLincoln)

你可以一時欺騙所有的人，也可能一直欺騙一部分人，然而，你不可能一直欺騙所有的人。Eg:Myfatherlikestofish,swim,andhunting.（？）7)被動結(jié)構(gòu)Itissaid/reported/believed/hoped/wellknown/thought/suggested/that…Itistakengrantedthat…被視為當然

Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家決定

Itmustberememberedthat…務(wù)必記住的是

Rareanimalsdyingoutarebeingpaidmoreattentionto.Howtowriteaparagraph?e.g.

ColonistscametoAmericaformanyreasons.Somecameforadventure.Afewwerepoliticalrefugees.Manycameforeconomicreasonsandforpoliticalfreedom.Notallofthecolonistsachievedthegoals.e.g.

Therearemanyfactorsthatbringairpollutiontous.Wecannothavefreshairinthemorning.Thisismainlybecauseofthepoisonoussmokecomingfromthefactories,especiallythechemicalones.Moreover,thereisalsocarbondioxidecomingfromtheenginesofthecars,trucksandbuses.（1）Howtowriteagoodtopicsentence?寫作主題句有3忌：

1）不完整(incomplete)

2）不清楚(unclear)

3）太籠統(tǒng)(general)e.g.TheAdvantageofTravel--Enjoythebeautifulsceneryindifferentplaces.(不完整）--Totravel,oneneedstoknowsomethingaboutit.(不清楚）--Bytravellingoneenjoysalot.(太籠統(tǒng)）--Bytravellingonecanenjoythebeautifulsceneryindifferentplaces.(較好）(2)Howtodevelopaparagraph?１)例證法(examplesandillustrations)

2)定義法(definition)

3）分類法(classification)

4）因果關(guān)系法(causeandeffect)

5）比較對照法(comparisonandcontrast)

6）過程分析法(processandanalysis)

在實際寫作中，很少單獨采用某一種，而是綜合運用。但有意識側(cè)重使用某種方法是有好處的。7.Howtowriteapassage?Beginningparagraph?(開門見山，開宗明義）e.g.Whatismeantbyatruegoodstudent?Atruegoodstudentisonewhopossessesgoodmorality,perfectknowledge,soundhealthandvariousability.Toattainthisend,Ishallgiveafewsuggestionsasfollows.(2)Concludingparagraph?(總結(jié)全文；令人回味）e.g.Toconclude,allgreatmenachievesuccessthroughdiligence,devotionandperseverance.JustasthefamousEnglishsayinggoes,“Nopains,nogains.”從十年作文真題看“結(jié)構(gòu)”DueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling1.如今不少學生在英語(論壇)學習中不重視拼寫2.出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因是…3.為了改變這種狀況，我認為…

CreatingaGreenCampus1.建設(shè)綠色校園十分重要2.綠色校園不僅是指綠色的環(huán)境…3.為了建設(shè)綠色校園，我們應(yīng)該…LimitingTheUseofDisposablePlasticBags1.一次性塑料袋曾被廣泛的使用2.造成的問題3.限制使用的意義RecreationalActivities1.娛樂方式多種多樣，2.有的有利，有的有害3.我的看法┈┈2012/12:ALetterApplyingforaBankLoan.

1.你的基本情況

2.你申請貸款的原因、數(shù)額及用途

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3．我的建議2010/12:HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?

1.目前不少父母為孩子包辦一切

2.為了讓孩子獨立,父母應(yīng)該……2010/6:DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling.1.如今不少學生在英語學習中