英語(yǔ)經(jīng)典著作導(dǎo)讀—PoetrySonnet18by郭珊ContentsWilliamShakespeareSonnet18Linestructure&rhymeschemeAclosereadingofthepoemAnalysisofthethemeWilliamShakespeareWilliamShakespeare(1564—1616),thefamousdramatistandpoetofEnglishRenaissance,wasborninStratford-on-Avon,Warwickshire.Hiscompleteworksinclude37plays,2narrativepoemsand154sonnets.Sonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate;Roughwinddoshakethedarlingbudsofmay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm’d;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed;Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;NorshallDeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.Linestructure&rhymeschemeWhat’sthelinestructureofthispoem?IambicpentameterWhat’stherhymeschemeofthispoem?It’safourteen-linepoem,rhymingABABCDCDEFEFGG.ClosereadingofthepoemShakespeareansonnetshavetheirrigidpattern,withthefirst12linesofeachpiecedividedinto3quatrainsandthelast2linesacouplet,rhymingABABCDCDEFEFGG.ThefirstquatrainShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate;Roughwinddoshakethedarlingbudsofmay,Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;theeArchaicversionof“you(賓格)”thou=you(主格);thy=your;thine=yours“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?”Figureofspeech:RhetoricalquestionSimile“Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate”Meaning“summerhastooshortatime”What’sexpressedinthefirstquatrain?Inthefirstquatrainthepoetpraisesthebeautyofthelady(orayoungmanassomecriticshaveinsisted)headdressesas“thee”bycomparingherwith“asummer’sday.”ThesecondquatrainSometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm’d;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed;“theeyeofheaven”Figureofspeech:Meaning“sun”metaphor“Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines”Thefirst“fair”means“fairlady”Thesecond“fair”means“fairness”“untrimmed”Meaning“strippedofbeauty”What’sthepoet’sviewson“beauty”inthesecondquatrain?Inthesecondquatrainthepoetexpresseshisregretaboutbeautydoomedtodeclinewiththechangingofnature,thatis,beauty’smortalityinnature.ThethirdquatrainButthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;NorshallDeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:“eternalsummer”Figureofspeech:Meaning:enduranceofbeautymetaphor“ow’st”ow’st=ownest，省略字母“ne”是出于詩(shī)行格律的考慮，使原本兩個(gè)音節(jié)的單詞變成一個(gè)音節(jié)?！癗orshallDeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade”Meaning“Norwillyoudieandloseyourbeauty”“eternallines”Meaning“thispoemwhichiseternal.”Isthelady’sbeautymortalorimmortaltothepoet?Why?Inthethirdquatrainthepoetdeclarestheimmoralityofhislady’sbeauty,forthathehasrecordeditinhiseternalpoems.ThelastcoupletSolongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.Howdoyouunderstandthelasttwolinesofthispoem?Thelastcoupletisapraiseoftheeternityofart(literature).InShakespeare’sopinion,thispoemiseternalonlyifit’sreadbygenerationsofpeople,hencegivinglifetothelady’sbeautyrecordedinitforever.ThemeInthispoem,Shakespearepraiseshislover’sbeauty.Atthesametime,Shakespearealsopraisesliterature(or,artasawhole)aseternal,whichmustbeadeeperandmoreresoundingthemeofthisfamouspoem.譯文兩則我欲將君比夏晝，君更嬌艷更媚柔。疾風(fēng)吹搖五月蕾，夏日苦短行矣休。時(shí)或驕陽(yáng)何炎炎，常見(jiàn)金烏遭遮掩。美人之美易消逝，偶失天奪亦可憐。君之長(zhǎng)夏永不逝，君之花容能永駐。閻羅終未拘君去，不朽君因不朽句。世間有人人能看，我詩(shī)長(zhǎng)存君并存。（佚名）或許我可用夏日將你作比方，但你比夏日更可愛(ài)也更