現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：already,recently,lately,yet,just,ever,never,before(單獨(dú)使用),sofar,upto

now,tillnow,over+段時(shí)間,inthelast/pastfewyears,for+段時(shí)間,since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句。2.常搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+done+其他否定句：主語(yǔ)+hasnot/havenot+done+其他疑問句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+done+其他?3.用法1)影響性：過去發(fā)生或已完成的某個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)影響或結(jié)果，一般不與過去時(shí)間連用，常同already,

just,

yet等狀語(yǔ)連用。I

have

just

turned

off

the

light.

2)持續(xù)性：表示開始于過去、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并可能繼續(xù)下去（也可能不繼續(xù)下去），常同包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用如：thesedays，也同“for+段時(shí)間”或“since＋點(diǎn)時(shí)間或從句”連用。She

has

taught

in

the

school

for

ten

years.I

haven’t

eaten

anything

since

breakfast.

3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)性時(shí)常用for…和since…做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，此時(shí)句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.Hehasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.Hejoinedthearmytwoyearsago.我兩天前買的這本書。（buy-have）他是十年前去世的。（die-bedead）他兩年前參軍。They

have

______

since

the

factory

opened.

A.

left

the

school

B.

joined

the

team

C.

become

workers

D.

worked

here

用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用句型：ItisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoZhuhai.It/This/Thatisthefirst/secondtimethat…It/This/Thatistheonly…＋that從句”或“It/This/Thatisthe＋形容詞最高級(jí)/序數(shù)詞…＋that從句ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在從句中，表示動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作。Iknowallthatshehasdonetome.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：thismonth(week,year),thesedays,recently,lately,allthetime(morning,afternoon),in/overthepast/lastfew+段時(shí)間，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+段時(shí)間2.常搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+beendoing+其他否定句：主語(yǔ)+hasnot/havenot+beendoing+其他疑問句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+beendoing+其他?3.用法1)過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，這一動(dòng)作可能剛完成，也可能仍在進(jìn)行。Ithasbeenrainingfortwohours.2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有時(shí)可以指“剛才”或“近來”(最近的過去)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，往往暗示這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)狀的影響，和現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系，常含有一種因果關(guān)系。Annisverytired.Shehasbeenworkinghard.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為的結(jié)果、影響，而現(xiàn)在完

成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為本身。Tom’shandsareverydirty.Hehasbeenrepairingthecar.Thecarisgoingagainnow.Tomhasrepairedit.2)不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作

仍在進(jìn)行，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束。Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.3)有些表示狀態(tài)、感情、感覺的動(dòng)詞如：have,exist,

like,hate,hear,know,sound等動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完

成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。They’veknowneachothersince1970.4)相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一次性，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可

以表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)性。Ihavemethimatlibrary.Ihavebeenmeetinghimatthelibrary.5)在表示反復(fù)的動(dòng)作時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)次數(shù)，而現(xiàn)

在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間。提問分別用

howmanytimes和howlong---Howmanytimeshavedyouvisitedegyptthismonth?---Twice.---HowlonghaveyoubeenvisitingEgypt?---Fortwomonths.6)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常只是陳述事實(shí)；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以表示一種感情色彩。Ihavewaitedforyoufortwohours.Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.注意：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，若要用可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey___what’shappenedtohim.

A.

knew

B.

haveknownC.mustknow

D.

willknowHarryportterisaverynicefilm.I___ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see

3.

I’m

glad

to

tell

you

that

we

_____

the

work

in

less

time

than

we

_____

expected

to.

A.

finished;

were

B.

have

finished;

are

C.

have

finished;

were

D.

had

finished;

were

4.

We

haven’t

heard

from

Jane

for

a

long

time.

What

do

you

suppose

_______

to

her?

A.

was

happening

B.

happens

C.

has

happened

D.

happened5.

Hello,

I

____

you

were

in

London.

How

long

______here?

A.

don’t

know;

were

you

B.

hadn’t

known;

are

you

C.

haven’t

known;

are

D.

didn’t

know;

have

you

been6.It

______

ten

years

since

they

______

to

France.

A.

hasbeen,

moved

B.

was,

have

moved

C.

is,

have

moved

D.

was,

moved7.---Where____thebook?I

can’t

see

it

anywhere.---I___it

right

here.

But

now

it’s

gone.A.

did

you

put;

put

B.

haveyouput;

put

C.

didyouput;

have

put

D.

haveyou

put;

have

put8.ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatI___sinceIcametothisschool.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.amattendingD.haveattended9.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou___safe.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrived

10.Hurryup!Theplay____fortenminutes.

A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began11.Excuseme,Marcia,areporterfromVanityFair____all

day.Couldyouspeaktohernow?.A.

phones

B.

hasphoned

C.

hasbeenphoning

D.

phoned12.---Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.---Yeah,it___usawholeweektogetthere.A.takesB.hastakenC.tookD.wastaking14.Shesetoutsoonafterdark_____homea