動詞分類與形式謂語說明主語的情況，即主語的動作或狀態(tài)；

動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞，具有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣和人稱、數(shù)的變化。

實義動詞：及物動詞、不及物動詞連系動詞助動詞情態(tài)動詞Verbs動詞Verbs動詞1.實義動詞(notionalverb)：能獨立做謂語的動詞.及物動詞vt.：本身意思不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思完整.不及物動詞vi.：自身意思完整，無需接賓語我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。WestudyEnglish.太陽從東方升起。Thesunrisesintheeast.2.連系動詞(linkingverb)：連系主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)特征或身份等。3.助動詞(auxiliaryverb)：一般無實際意義，只是幫助構(gòu)成謂語，表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等，或構(gòu)成疑問或否定式，如be,have,do,shall,willbedoing/bedone/betodohavedonedo構(gòu)成疑問、否定式;用于倒裝、加強(qiáng)語氣及代替前動詞shall用語第一人稱/will用于各種人稱4.情態(tài)動詞(modalverb)：有一定意義，無人稱和數(shù)的變化，和不帶to的動詞不定式(ought)一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣或情態(tài)。Linkverbs系動詞（1）表示特征或狀態(tài)*be,seem,appear,*look,sound,feel,taste,smell（2）表示保持某種狀態(tài)*continue,keep,remain,stand,prove,stay,turnoutThemeetingturnedouttobesuccessful.Theshopstaysopentillnineo’clock.（3）表示狀態(tài)變化*become,get,grow,turn,fall,come,go,runWrongnevercomesright.Theriverrunsdry.*make(有條件成為)"變成"類系動詞及搭配1.形容詞作表語。go+adj.表示令人不快的事情

come+adj.則表示好的事情Inhotweather,meatgoesbad.Thingswillcomerightintheend.Hewentmad/crazy.2)run+short,out,dry,low,deep(主語多為能流動，能消耗掉的東西)Theirmoneywasrunningshort.Stillwatersrundeep.Don'tletthechildrenrunwild.不要讓孩子們毫無約束(變野了)。3)grow+靜態(tài)形容詞側(cè)重于“逐漸變成”。Thegirlgrewthinnerandthinner.Soontheskygrewlight.

4)turn+表示顏色/天氣的形容詞側(cè)重變得與以前完全不Themanturnedbluewithfear.因害怕，這個人變得憂郁起來。Theweathersuddenlyturnedmuchcolder.

5)fall+asleep,silent,ill不能接形容詞比較級。Shefellillfromcold.(誤)Shefellworse.(正)Shegotworse.6)get+adj.口語，用得廣泛，較多地與形容詞比較級連用become較正式Hebecame(got)angry.

Hiscoathasbecome(got)badlytorn.Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.注意：become一般不用于"將來成為"的意思。(誤)Ihopeyouwillbecomewell.(正)Ihopeyouwillgetwell.

2.become,turn,get,go,fall能用名詞作表語Hisdreamhasbecome(got)areality.

Hehasturnedscientist.

Hehasgonesocialist.

Hefell(a)victimtocancer.(他患了癌癥。)注意：go,turn后面的名詞通常不帶冠詞。3.come,grow,get+todo表示變化過程,I'vereallycometolovethisplace.表示"最終變得"

Mary'sgrowingtobemoreandmorelikehermother.表示"漸漸變得"

You'llsoongettolikeit.表示"由不……變得"注意：不能用于帶有一段時間的完成時態(tài)

(誤)Theyhavegottoknoweachotherforyears.

(正)Theyhaveknowneachotherforyears.

4.接介詞短語，固定搭配

Theywent(grow)outoffashion.(它們變得不時髦了。)

Theyranoutofmoney.

Theproblemwillcomeunderdiscussion.

Theyfellbehindtheothers.

Whathasbecomeofthegirl?

It'sgettingneartea-time.

Modalverbs情態(tài)動詞can/could–beabletomay/mightmust–mustnot；havetoneedshould/oughttodareshallwill/wouldcan,couldIcanspeakEnglish.Couldyoutellmetheway?--CouldIuseyourpen?--Yes,youcan.Itcan’tbeMarywhodidit.CanitbeMarywhodidit?may,mightMayIuseyourbike?Tommighthavesomefever.Shemaycomeandseeyoutonight,butsheisn’tsure.must,mustnotWemustservethepeopleheartandsoul.Youmustbetiredafterthelongwalk.Shemusthavebeentherebefore.havetoThepaperhastobetypedbeforeitishandedin.It’snineo’clock.Wehavetobeinahurry.need,needn’tYouneedn’tdoitagain.NeedIsayitonceagain?--NeedIcomeagain?--Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.shouldAsateacher,youshouldbestrictwithyourstudents.Suchathingshouldn’tbeallowedtohappenagain.It’srequestedthatyoushouldbepresentatthemeeting.oughttoYououghttolistentoyourparents.Theyoughttobethereintime.dare,daredIdarenotgotherealone.HowdareyousayI’munfair?Notoneofthemdareddosuchthing.shallYoushallhavethebookassoonasIgetit.Don’tworry.Youshallgettheanswerthisafternoon.ShallIopenthedoor?Whereshallhewaitforyou?willIwilltellyouaboutit.Willyougotherewithme?Won’tyoutakeoffyourcoat?Manwilldieoutofair.wouldWepromisedwewoulddoeverythingforyou.Wouldyouhavesometea?Shewouldgotobedat10intheevening.表示對現(xiàn)在或過去情況的猜測must,can,could,may,might均可表示推測，且語氣逐次減弱。must用于有把握的肯定推測can一般用于疑問句或有把握的否定推測may,might用于沒有把握的肯定或否定推測