Thesubjunctivemood

語氣英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念

一、虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設與過去相反的假設與將來相反的假設If+主語+動詞的過去式（動詞be用were)主語+should,would,might,could＋動詞原形If+主語+had+過去分詞主語＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If+主語+動詞過去式2、If+主語+wereto+動詞原形3、If+主語+should+動詞原形主語＋should,wouldmight,could＋動詞原形eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.

Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.

IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我是你，我就會努力學習．如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就給他打電話了．如果明天下雨的話，我們會取消比賽．IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshould\weretorain,wewouldcalloffthematch.Morepractice:使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點：１．當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為：錯綜時間條件句“，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應的調(diào)整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你聽我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會痊愈了．如果你努力學習的話，你現(xiàn)在就會是大學生了．２．省略句

在條件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式．IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.二、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運用1.用于賓語從句（1）wish從句中從句動詞的虛擬語氣形式wish的賓語從句1.與現(xiàn)在相反:did(be用were)2.與過去相反:haddone3.與將來相反:would/could/mightdo

a.表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：

Iwish(that)sb.did…

(be常用were)

1.IwishIwere

astallasyou.2.IwishIbecameasfamousasYaoMing.IwishIwereabird.

IwishIcouldflylikeabird.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.b.wish表示對過去情況的虛擬：

Iwish(that)sb.haddone…IwishIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.c.對將來情況的虛擬：

Iwish(that)sb.would/could/mightdo…Iwishthelunchtimewouldcomesoon.Iwishitwouldbefinetomorrow.（2）用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest當表示“暗示、表明“講時，insist表示”堅持認為“之意時，應用陳述語氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他臉上的表情表明他對我們的工作很滿意．那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢．

在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should＋動詞原形”should可以省略．2.用于表語從句和同位語從句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：should+動詞原形我們有必要出去散散步。It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.

2

她這樣做是很自然的。

It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.

3

重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.

3.虛擬語氣在在主語從句中B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中從句用(should)+動詞原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中從句也常用(should)+動詞原型It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.

1.

Itis(high/about)timethat…從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或should＋動詞原形，should不能省略．三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly引導的感嘆句（要是．．．該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應用過去式;如果是過去的情況,應用過去完成時態(tài)

IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!3.wouldrather+從句動詞用過去式或過去完成時

Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.4.

asif(asthough)看起來常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反用過去完成式(haddone).Hetreats/treatedtheboyasifhewerehisownson.Hespeaks/spokeasifhehadknownaboutit5.evenif(eventhough)即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.6.含蓄條件句有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不是總是出現(xiàn)if引導的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。介詞或介詞短語，如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,連詞sothat,unless,incase,supposing,lest,provided,forfearthat,inorderthat,onconditionthat,but,otherwise等eg.Butfortherain(=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain),wewouldhavefinishedthework.Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp).在Incase和forfearthat“萬一；惟恐”引導的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用should+動詞原形Takeanumbrellaincaseitshouldrain/rains.IncaseIshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.Idaren’ttellyouwhathedidforfearthatheshouldbeangrywith.四情態(tài)動詞+havedonecouldhavedone本來可以---mighthavedone本來可能---should/oughttohavedone本來應該做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不該做--

你本不應該告訴她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必做---

比較：didn’tneedtodo沒必要做也沒有做---我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本來會去做----我沒有足夠的錢．否則我會買那本書的．Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A.wouldbe