2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題(第三套)Writing(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavisittoaHopeelementaryschoolorganizedbyyourStudentUnion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.ListeningComprehension(25minutes)說明：由于2019年6月四級考試全國共考了2套聽力，本套真題聽力與前2套內(nèi)容完全一樣，只是順序不一樣，因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。ReadingComprehension(40minutes)Directions:Inthissection,(hereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingihepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Shipsareoftensunkinordertocreateunderwaterreefs(暗礁)perfectforscubadiving(水肺式潛泳)andpreservingmarine26Turkishauthoritieshavejustsunksomethingalittledifferentthanaship,anditwouldn'tnormallyevertouchwater,anAirbusA300.Thehollowed-outA300was27ofeverythingpotentiallyharmfultotheenvironmentandsunkofftheAegeancoasttoday.Notonlywillthesunkenplane28theperfectskeletonforartificialreefgrowth,tu(authoritieshopethisnewunderwaterattractionwillbringtouriststothearea.Theplane29atotallengthof54meters,whereexperiencedscubadiverswill_30beabletoventurethroughthecabinandaroundtheplane's31.AydinMunicipalityboughttheplanefromaprivatecompanyforjustunderUS$100.000,buttheyhopetoseeareturnonthat32_throughthetourismindustry.TourismthroughoutTurkeyisexpectedtofallthisyearasthecountryhasbeenthe33ofseveraldeadlyterroristattacks.Asfarassunkenplanesgo,thisAirbusA300is(helargest34sunkaircraftever.Takingatripunderwaterand35theinsideofasunkenA300wouldbequiteanadventure,andthatisexactlywhatTurkishauthoritiesarchopingthisattractionwillmakepeoplethink.Drawinginadventureseekersandexperienceddivers,thisnewartificialAirbusreefwillbeascubadiver'sparadise(天堂).A)createI)intentionallyB)depressedJ)investmentC)eventuallyK)revealingD)experiencesL)stretchesE)exploringM)strippedF)exteriorN)territoryG)habitats0)victimH)innovateDirections:Inthissection,youarcgoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhich(heinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.MakeStuff,Fail,AndLearnWhileYou'reAtItWe'vealwaysbeenahands-on,do-it-yourselfkindofnation.BenFranklin,oneofAmerica'sfoundingfathers,didn'tjustinventthelightningrod.Hiscreationsincludeglasses,innovativestovesandmore.Franklin,whowaslargelyself-taught,mayhavebeenagenius,buthewasn'treallyanexceptionwhenitconiestoAmericanmakingandcreativity.ThepersonalcomputingrevolutionandphilosophyofdisruptiveinnovationofSiliconValleygrew,inpart,outofthecreationsoftheHomebrewComputerClub.WhichwasfoundedinagarageinMenloPark,California,inthemid-1970s.Members—includingguysnamedJobsandWozniak一startedmakingandinventingthingstheycouldn'tbuy.Soit'snosurprisethattheMakerMovementtodayisthrivingincommunitiesandsomeschoolsacrossAmerica.Makingisavailabletoordinarypeoplewhoaren'ttiedtobigcompanies,bigdefenselabsorresearchuniversities.ThemakerphilosophyechoesoldideasadvocatedbyJohnDewey,Montessori,andevenancientGreekphilosophers,aswepointedoutrecently.Thesemakerspacesareoftenoutsideofclassrooms,andareservinganimportanteducationalfiinction.TheMakerMovementisrediscoveringlearningbydoing,whichisDewey'sphrasefrom100yearsago.WearerediscoveringDeweyandMontessoriandalotofthepracticesthattheypioneeredthathavebeenforgottenoratleastputaside.Amakerspaceisaplacewhichcanbeinaschool,butitdoesn'tlooklikeaclassroom.Itcanbeinalibrary.Ilcanbeoutinthecommunity.Ithastoolsandmaterials.It'saplacewhereyougettomakethingsbasedonyourinterestandonwhatyou'relearningtodo.Ideasaboutlearningbydoinghavestruggledtobecomemainstreameducationally,despitebeingoldconceptsfromDeweyandMontessori,PlatoandAristotle,andintheAmericanContext,RalphEmerson,onthevalueofexperienceandsclf-rcliancc.It'snotnecessarilyanefficientwaytolearn.Welearn,inasense,bytrialanderror.Learningfromexperienceissomethingthattakestimeandpatience.It'sveryindividualized.Ifyourgoalistohavestandardizedapproachestolearning,whereever}-bodylearnsthesamethingatthesametimeinthesameway,thenlearningbydoingdoesn'treallyfitthatmoldanymore.It'snottheworldoftextbooks.It'snottheworldoftesting.Learningbydoingmaynotbeefficient,buti(iseffective.Project-basedlearninghasgrowninpopularitywithteachersandadministrators.However,project-basedlearningisnotmaking.Althoughthereisaconnection,thereisalsoadistinction.Thedifferenceliesinwhethertheprojectisinasensedefinedanddevelopedbythestudentorwhetherit'sassignedbyateacher.We'llallgelIhekidstobuildasmallboat.WeareallgoingtolearnaboutX,Y,andZ.Thattendstobeoneformofproject-basedlearning.Ireallybelievethecoreideaofmakingistohaveanideawithinyourhead—oryoujustborrowitfromsomeone—andbegintodevelopit,repeatitandimproveit.Then,realizethatideasomehow.Thatthingthatyoumakeisvaluabletoyouandyoucanshareitwithothers.I'minterestedinhowthesethingsareexpressionsofthatperson,theirideas,andtheirinteractionswiththeworld.Insomeways,alotofformsofmakinginschooltrivialize(使變得無足輕重)making.Thethingthatyoumakehasnovaluetoyou.Onceyouarcdonedemonstratingwhateverconceptwasinthetextbook,youthrowawaythepipecleaners,thecardboardtubes.Makingshouldbestudent-directedandstudent-led,otherwiseit'sboring.Itdoesn'thavethemotivationofthestudent.I'mnotsayingthatstudentsshouldnotlearnconceptsornotlearnskills.Theydo.Buttoreallyharnesstheirmotivationistobuildupontheirinterest.It'stoletthembeincontrolandtodrivethecar.Teachersshouldaimtobuildasupportive,creativeenvironmentforstudentstodothiswork.Averysocialenvironment,wheretheyarelearningfromeachother.Whentheyhaveaproblem,itisn'ttheteachernecessarilycomingintosolveit.Theyareresponsiblefbrworkingthroughthatproblem.Itmightbetheyhavetotalktootherstudentsintheclasstohelpgetananswer.Theteacher'sroleismoreofacoachorobserver.Sometimes,topeople,itsoundslikethisisadiminishedrotefbrteachers.Ithinkit'saheightenedrole.You'recreating(hisenvironment.likeamakerspace.Youhave20kidsdoingdifferentthings.Youarcwatchingthemandreallyit'sthehumanbehaviorsyou'relookingat.Aretheyengaged?Atheydevelopingandrepeatingtheirproject?Aretheystumbling(受挫)?Dotheyneedsomethingthattheydon'thave?Canyouhelpthembeawareofwheretheyare?M.Mybeliefisthatthegoalofmakingisnottogeteverykidtobehands-on,butitenableustobegoodlearners.It'snottheknowledgethatisvaluable,It'sthepracticeoflearningnewthingsandunderstandinghowthingswork.Thesearcprocessesthatyouarcdevelopingsothatyouarcable,overtime,totacklemoreinterestingproblems,morechallengingproblems—problemsthatrequiremanypeopleinsteadofoneperson,andmanyskillsinsteadofone.N.Ifteacherskeepitform-freeandstudent-led,itcanstillbetiedtoacurriculumandaneducationalplan.Ithinkamakerspaceismorelikealikealibraryinthattherearemultiplesubjectsandmultiplethingsthatyoucanlearn.Whatseemstobemissinginschoolishowthesesubjectsintegrate,howtheyfittogetherinanymeaningfillway.Ratherthansaying,'Thisisscience,overhereishistory/Iseeschoolstakingthisideaofprojectsandlookingat:Howdotheysupportchildreninhigherlevellearning?O.Ifeellikethisisashiftawayformasubjectmatter-basedcurriculumtoamoreexperientialcurriculumorlearning.It5sstillinitsearlystages,butIthinkit'sshiftingaroundnotwhatkidslearnbuthowtheylearn.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachof(hemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostkidsgrowuplearningtheycannotdrawonthewalls.Butitmightbetimetounlearnthattraining—thissummer,groupofcultureaddicts,artistsandcommunityorganizersareinvitingNewYorkerstowritealloverthewallsofanoldhouseonGovernor'sIsland.TheprojectiscalledWritingOnItAll,andit'saparticipatorywritingprojectandartisticexperimentthathashappenedonGovernor'sIslandeverysummersince2013.The2016seasonrunsthroughJune26andfeaturessessionsfacilitatedbyeveryonefromdancerstodomesticworkers.Eachsessionhasatheme,andparticipantsaregivenavarietyofmaterialsandpromptsandaskedtocoversurfaceswiththeirthoughtsandart.Thisyear,theprogramsrangefromonethatturnsthehouseintoacollaborativeessaytoonethatexploresthemeaningofexile.Governor'sIslandisanationalhistoriclandmarkdistrictlongusedformilitarypurposes.Nowknownas“NewYork'ssharedspaceforartandplay,^^theisland,whichliesbetweenManhattanandBrooklyninUpperNewYorkBay,isclosedtocarsbutopentosummertouristswhoflckforfestivals,picnics,adventures,aswellasthese“l(fā)egalgraffiti(涂鴉)“Sessions.Thenotesandartscribbled(涂畫)onthewallsarcanexperimentinself-expression.Sofar,participantshaverangedinagefrom2to85.ThoughChasinsaysthefocusoftheworkison(heactivityofwriting,ratherthanthetextthatendsupgettingwritten,someoftheworkthatcomesoutofthesessionshasstuckwithher.“Oneofthesessionsthatmovedmethemostwasstateviolenceonblackwomenandblackgirls,“saysChasin,explainingthatinoneroom,peoplewrotedownthenamesofthosekilledbecauseofit.4tPcoplcdobeautifulworkandleavebcautifiilmessages.”Unlearntheirtrainingindrawing.Participateinastategraffitishow.Coverthewallsofanoldhousewithgraffiti.Exhibittheirartisticcreationsinanoldhouse.Theyarejustcultureaddicts.Theyaregraffitienthusiasts.Theyarewritersandartists.Theyaremostlypassers-by.Theywerefreetoscribbleonthewallswhatevercametotheirmind.Theyexpressediheirthoughtsingraffitionthe(hemeofeachsession.Theylearnedthetechniquesofcollaborativewriting.Theywererequiredtocooperatewithothercreators.Itisahistoricsitethatattractstouristsandartists.Itisanareanowaccessibleonlytotouristvehicles.ItisaplaceinUpperNewYorkBayformerlyusedforexiles.Itisanopenareafortouriststoenjoythemselvesyearround.Itjustfocusedonthesufferingsofblackfemales.Ithelpedexpandtheinfluenceofgraffitiart.Ithasstartedthecareerofmanycreativeartists.Ithascreatedsomemeaningfulartisticworks.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Onlineprogramstofightdepressionarcalreadycommerciallyavailable.Whiletheysoundefficientandcost-saving,arecentstudyreportsthattheyarenoteffective,primarilybecausedepressedpatientsarenotlikelytoengagewiththemorstickwilhthem.Thestudylookedatcomputer-assistedcognitive(認(rèn)知的)behavioralthcrapy(CBT)andfoundthatitwasnomoreeffectiveintreatingdepressionthan(heusualcarepatientsreceivefromaprimarycaredoclor.TraditionalCBTisconsideredaneffectiveformoftalktherapyfordepression,helpingpeoplechallengenegativethoughtsandchangethewaytheythinkinordertochange(heirmoodandbehaviors.However,onlineCBTprogramshavebeengainingpopularity,withtheattractionofprovidinglow-costhelpwhereversomeonehasaccesstoacomputer.AteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofYorkconductedarandomized(隨機(jī)的)controltrialwith691depressedpatientsfrom83physicianpracticesacrossEngland.Thepatientsweresplitintothreegroups:onegroupreceivedonlyusualcarefromaphysicianwhiletheothertwogroupsreceivedusualcarefromaphysicianplusoneoftwocomputerizedCBTprograms.Participantswerebalancedacrossthethreegroupsforage,sex,educationalbackground,severityanddurationofdepression,anduseofamidepressams(抗抑郁藥).Afterfourmonths,thepatientsusingthecomputerizedCBTprogramshadnoimprovementindepressionlevelsoverthepatientswhowereonlygettingusualcarefromtheirdoctors.“It'sanimportant,cautionarynotethatweshouldn'tgettoocarriedawaywiththeideathatacomputersystemcanreplacedoctorsandtherapists,^saysChristopherDowrick,aprofessorofprimarymedicalcareattheUniversityofLiverpool.4tWedostillneedthehumantouchorthehumaninteraction,particularlywhenpeoplearedepressed.MBeingdepressedcanmeanfeeling“l(fā)ostinyourownsmall,negative,darkworld,“Dowricksays.Havingaperson,insteadofacomputer,reachouttoyouisparticularlyimportantincombatingthatsenseofisolation.4tWhcnyou'reemotionallyvulnerable,yoifrcevenmoreinneedofacaringhumanbeing