被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法2.掌握如何將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)的兩大語(yǔ)態(tài)：

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)A.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)出者。賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。B.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者(動(dòng)作的對(duì)象)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞be＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+過(guò)去分詞2一般過(guò)去時(shí)didwas/were+過(guò)去分詞3一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形will/begoingto+be+過(guò)去分詞4過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would+動(dòng)詞原形would+be+過(guò)去分詞5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞6過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+過(guò)去分詞have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞8過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+過(guò)去分詞had+been+過(guò)去分詞9含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞什么時(shí)候要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？在下列三種情況之一要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：①不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。②沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。③需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換：Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclassroomiscleaned主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)byuseveryday結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)be+過(guò)去分詞by+賓語(yǔ)即:、主變賓、賓變主,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)?！?注:主變賓即主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by賓語(yǔ))[注意]①把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，句子的時(shí)態(tài)不能變。且be動(dòng)詞和新主語(yǔ)保持一致。如上例，所給的主動(dòng)句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。②如果主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)作介詞by的賓語(yǔ)，要用賓格。如上例中的主語(yǔ)we改為us。歸納總結(jié)方法

把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可按“、、”來(lái)進(jìn)行。即：①變－－－把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的介詞by的賓語(yǔ)。②套－－－根據(jù)原句的時(shí)態(tài)套用相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。③注意－－注意人稱的變化而引起的主謂一致問(wèn)題。例：①M(fèi)anypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishbymanypeople.②Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.Hisshoesbyhimyesterday.isspokenwerewashed一變二套三注意各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)照表時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+過(guò)去分詞2一般過(guò)去時(shí)didwas/were+過(guò)去分詞3一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形will/begoingto+be+過(guò)去分詞4過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would+動(dòng)詞原形would+be+過(guò)去分詞5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞6過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+過(guò)去分詞have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞8過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+過(guò)去分詞had+been+過(guò)去分詞9含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要注意的問(wèn)題

一些使役動(dòng)詞(let,have,make等)或感官動(dòng)詞(see,hearwatch,notice等)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中后面接的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要補(bǔ)上to。如：Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.Isawhimenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.[注意]當(dāng)使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，

doing保持不變。如：

Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主動(dòng))Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被動(dòng))使役動(dòng)詞和感觀動(dòng)詞主被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)對(duì)照表主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使役動(dòng)詞makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感觀動(dòng)詞seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosthgo

把下列主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句①Lilywritesmanyletterseveryday.(主動(dòng))

②Theyvisitedthisfarmlastyear.（主動(dòng)）

③Wehavelearned3000Englishwordssofar.（主動(dòng)）

→ManylettersarewrittenbyLilyeveryday.→Thisfarmwasvisitedbythemlastyear.→3000Englishwordshavebeenlearnedbyussofar.把下列主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句1.Theboycleanedthedeskamomentago.Thedeskwascleanedbytheboyamomentago.2.Wewillplant2000treesnextyear.2000treeswillbeplantedbyusnextyear.3.Youmustkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.Theroommustbekeptcleanandtidybyyou.4.Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Thethiefhasbeencaughtbythepolice.5.Thefarmersarecuttingdownthetreesonthehill.Thetreesonthehillarebeingcutdownbythefarmers.1.ShewaterstheflowerseverydayTheflowerseveryday.arewateredbyher3.Theydotheirhomeworkafterschool.Theirhomeworkisdonebythemafterschool.2.I

bought

acomputerlastterm．Acomputer

wasbought(byme)lastterm.4.Ourstudentsmustn’tsmokecigarettes.Cigarettesmustn’tbesmokedbyourstudents.5.ChinesepeoplebuilttheGreatWallmanyyearsago.TheGreatWallwasbuiltbyChinesepeoplemanyyearsago.FillintheblankswiththePassiveVoice.

1、Tea_______(grow)inFujian.

2、Chinese__________(speak)in