M4GrammarObjective1.Tolearnaboutinfinitive2.Tounderstanddifferenttypesofinfinitive語(yǔ)法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語(yǔ)言規(guī)則和語(yǔ)法規(guī)律。Thewindisstrongenoughtomovesanddunes.Wewereadvisednottogooutside.It’sfrighteningtobecyclingtoworkinasandstorm.Thereisnothingtobedone.Iamtheonlypersoninmyfamilytohavebeeninasandstorm.Infinitive

Areyoufamiliarwiththesesentences?Theyareallfromourbookswehavelearned.Tohavebeencaughtinasandstormwasaterribleexperience.Tobecyclinginasandstormisfrightening.It’sdifficulttobreatheandthedustmakesmeill.Topreventitcomingnearer,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.totestyoursenseofobservationtotestyourabilityofshort-termmemorytotestyourabilitytohighlightthelanguagepointsGuessGuessingGamesThewindisstrongenough_______sanddunes.Wewereadvised________outside.It’sfrightening____________toworkinasandstorm.Thereisnothing__________.Iamtheonlypersoninmyfamily___________inasandstorm.tomovenottogotobecyclingtobedonetohavebeen__________________inasandstormwasaterribleexperience._____________inasandstormisfrightening.It’sdifficult_________andthedustmakesmeill.___________itcomingnearer,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.TohavebeencaughtTobecyclingtobreatheToprevent1.LastsummerItookacourseon____.A.howtomakedressesB.howdressesbemadeC.howtobemadedressesD.howdressestobemade單選2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Therearefivepairs____,butIamatalosswhichtobuy.AtobechosenBtochoosefromCtochooseDforchoosing4.Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy_____.A.tobeworkedoutB.toworkthemoutC.toworkoutD.tobeworkedthemout5.______lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept6.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone7.Johnwasmade_____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing8.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident

＿＿losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto9.Thepatientwaswarned_____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating1.幫助他人是件好事。Itisgood_____________.2.散步是鍛煉的一種好方式。_______isagoodformofexercise.3.我不知該去哪兒度假。Idon’tknow______________holiday.tohelpothersTowalk漢譯英wheretospend4.愛(ài)和被愛(ài)都是最大的幸福。_____________________arebothgreathappiness.5.據(jù)說(shuō)他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。Heissaid_________________________hiswork.6.根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。Theyarereported___________________.Toloveandtobelovedtohavefinished/completedtohavearrivedsafely7.我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車(chē)。Iwantthisbike_____________atonce.8.瑪利仿佛已經(jīng)被告知此事了。Maryseemed_______________aboutit.9.眾所周知，奧運(yùn)會(huì)上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown_________________agoldmedalattheOlympics.toberepairedtohavebeentoldtohavebeengiven以上我們已經(jīng)通過(guò)歸納總結(jié)和練習(xí)對(duì)本課的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容有了一定的了解，下面就讓我們根據(jù)之前練習(xí)的考察情況進(jìn)一步選擇講解該語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)的重難點(diǎn)。不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)有時(shí)用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。不定式Infinitive不定式1.作主語(yǔ)1)Tomasteraforeignlanguage

isnecessaryforacollegestudent.2)Itisgoodmannerstohelppeopleintrouble.2.作表語(yǔ)Yourjobistowashdishes.AllIdidwas(to)givehimsomeadvice.當(dāng)作表語(yǔ)的不定式解釋主語(yǔ)中do的意義時(shí)，to可以省略。3.作賓語(yǔ)Shepromisedtogivehimachance.agree,demand,ask,decide,expect,hope,want,offer,plan,pretend,promise,afford,prepare,refuse,manage,fail,dare,fear,swear等動(dòng)詞后面均可直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。少數(shù)介詞后面可跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)1.Ithasnochoicebut

toliedownandsleep.2.Theydidn’topentheirmouthsexcept

tocomplain.當(dāng)句子中的主動(dòng)詞為do時(shí),but,except后的動(dòng)詞不定式省去to;can’tbut,can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,donothingbut,ratherthan,hadbetter之后省略to.1.Hedoesnothingbut

playallday.2.Atthenewsshedidn’tsayanythingbut

tocry.3.Hecan’tchoosebut

doit.4.There’snothingtodoexcept/but

waittillitstopsraining.4.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Theteachertold

hisstudentstopaymoreattentiontotheirpronunciation.Iwouldliketheproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeeting.A.ask,tell,order,command,beg,get,request,require,invite,force,permit,cause,forbid,allow,wish,want,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,warn,wouldlike等動(dòng)詞可以接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。B.think,consider,believe,suppose,know,feel,find,understand等動(dòng)詞后常接tobe+adj.作賓補(bǔ)。Weallknowhimtobeagoodplayer.C.不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，可根據(jù)需要在前加how,where,when,what等疑問(wèn)詞。Couldyoutellmehow

torepairthemachine?Noonetoldmewhere

tofindhim.Pleaseshowuswhat

todowiththesesentencepatterns.D.see,hear,watch,feel,notice,let,make,have等后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不加to,help后可加可不加。Ineverletmychildstayinthehouseallday.Havehimcomein,please.Iheardhersaythatshe’dliketogototheconcert.5.作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhislessons.主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.

Shewasseentogooutaminuteago.2.

Hewasmadetogiveupdrinking.6.作后置定語(yǔ)1)Shewasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.(主謂關(guān)系)2)Hehasanimportantmeeting

toattend.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)3)Hekeepshispromisetowritetousregularly.(同位關(guān)系)不定式作賓語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞如果不是及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)加必要的介詞Theiceistoothinforustowalkon.IhiredaroomtoliveinwhenintheUS.7.作目的狀語(yǔ)，to可用inorderto或soasto代替（soasto不能置于句首）。1.ShegotoffthetraininBeijingtoseeafriend.2.SomescientistswenttoGermanytoattendamedicalconference.3.Theystartedveryearlyinordernottomissthetrain.8.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,且不定式前常有only,never,強(qiáng)調(diào)驚訝或失望。V-ing作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)一種必然的因果關(guān)系。Hehurriedtohishouse,onlytofindithadbeenbrokeninto.Istoodthere,

nevertobefeelingsostupid.Herparentsdied,leavingheranorphan.Therewasatornadoyesterday,

causing100deaths.1.疑問(wèn)詞+不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1.

Whentostarthasnotbeendecidedyet.2.Theproblemishowtopersuadehimtochangehismind.3.Wemustlearnwhattodoinfaceofdifficulties.4.Iwonderifyoucouldtellmehowtogettothestation.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)2.帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)1.It’skindofyoutolendmesuchabeautifulnecklace.2.It’simportantforustomasteraforeignlanguage.3.Thefirstthingforustodoistocleantheroom.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)

此結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞說(shuō)明句中行為動(dòng)詞的特征。

此結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞說(shuō)明邏輯主語(yǔ)的特征，可作邏輯主語(yǔ)的表語(yǔ)。Itis+adj.+ofsb.todoItis+adj.+forsb.todoItisfoolishofyou

tosaysuchwords.(Youarefoolish

tosaysuchword.)Itisnecessaryforus

tolearnourlessonswell.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)

不定式的一般式todo

Iamgladtoseeyou.Hehasdecidedtogivehersomemoney.

表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。不定式的進(jìn)行式tobedoingIamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Hepretendedtobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim.表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。不定式的完成式tohavedoneHehappenedtohaveseenthefilmbefore.ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前。Hewantedtohavemetyouattheairport,buthedidn’tgetthereintime.表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的期待或者計(jì)劃hoped,promised,wanted,wished,expected,planned…Hewouldliketohaveplayedtheviolinattheconcert.不定式的完成式在wouldlike后邊表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)todo被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)tobedoneItisanhonorformetobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Everyonelikestheherotobepraised.不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)Weaskedhimtostaytillthenextday,butherefusedto.Areyouateacher?Yes,andIhavetobe.Whatwewanttodonowisliedownandhaveagoodrest.Ididn’tsayanythingbuttomakeagesture.省略to與省略do1.prefern.(doing)ton.(doing)2.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.3.wouldratherdo4.wouldrather+句子（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）5.advise/allow/permit/forbidsb.todoadvise/allow/permit/forbid)doing固定詞組和句型幾對(duì)易混淆的詞組：stoptodosth.停下來(lái)去做某事

doingsth.停止做某事forgettodosth.忘記去做某事

doingsth.忘記已做了某事remembertodosth.記得去做某事

doingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做某事不定式主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式一般式完成式進(jìn)行式/完成進(jìn)行式/todotobedonetohavedonetohave

beendonetobedoingtohave

beendoing動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一覽表Review復(fù)習(xí)不定式的各種形式Infinitive注:word文檔點(diǎn)擊此處鏈接Individualactivity閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。

BeijingwascoveredinorangedustasastrongsandstormblewhundredsofmilesfromdrynorthernChinatothenation’scapital.Thecitygovernmentissuedapollutionwarningandpeople_________(advise)tostayindoors.InTiananmenSquare,cloudsofdustcoveredmonumentsandvisitorsworemasks_________(avoid)thedustandsoil.Thestormhasalreadycauseda___________(frighten)disasterinXinjiang,Shanxi,ShaanxiandHebeiregionsandisheading____________SouthKorea.wereadvisedtoavoidfrighteningto/towardsResidentsofSouthKoreancapital,Seoul,aswellas______incentralandwesternregions,havebeenadvisedtostayindoors.BySaturday,thestormhadspreadoveranareaof810,000squarekm.Itwasexpectedtolast_____Monday,themeteorologicalagency(氣象局)saidinastatementonitswebsite.AnofficialfromBeijing’smeteorologicalagencysaidthestormshadbecome____(little)frequentinrecentyears.“Thesituationhasimprovedgreatlyafterthe2006storm.”hesaid.thoseuntilless1.Hetolduswhether_____apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.

(2009四川)A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had2.Theplay____nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.(2009安徽)A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced實(shí)戰(zhàn)高考3._____,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.(2009遼寧)A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner4.Thechildrenallturned___thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.(2009全國(guó)I)A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat5.Weareinvitedtoaparty___inourclubnextFriday.(2009山東)A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding6.Davidthreatened___hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.(2009上海)A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported7.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank____presentsformydad.(2010全國(guó)I)A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought8.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting_____.(2010江西)A.todiscover B.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered9.Wewereastonished____thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010遼寧)A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound10.Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.(2010山東)A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted11.Hisfirstbook____nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.(2010陜西)A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished12.Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant____.(2010四川)A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith13.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmenttoofficials,willbeproduced____people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.(2011重慶)A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised14.Theability____anideaasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南)A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.to