備考大學(xué)英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力考試第一部分語(yǔ)法和詞匯第二部分翻譯第三部分寫作第一部分語(yǔ)法和詞匯

第一章重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目介紹第二章多項(xiàng)選擇題

第三部分寫作

第一章寫作介紹

第二章寫作練習(xí)

從歷年考試試題分析來(lái)看，PRETCO語(yǔ)法(Structure)考查重點(diǎn)主要是：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和動(dòng)名詞)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、反意問(wèn)句、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、代詞、形容詞和副詞等?？忌獙?duì)上述語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目從概念到應(yīng)用上下功夫?，F(xiàn)就各項(xiàng)目的考核重點(diǎn)分別簡(jiǎn)單敘述如下(其中有些例句選自歷年考試試題)：第一章重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目介紹一、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考核重點(diǎn)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)。表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)－－過(guò)去的過(guò)去。

注意：過(guò)去完成時(shí)常常和before，after，until，when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作一般表示過(guò)去。常用句型如下：

bythetime(theend)of+表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或句子；

hardly(scarcely)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+when+過(guò)去時(shí)；nosooner+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+than+過(guò)去時(shí)；將來(lái)完成時(shí)。表示預(yù)見(jiàn)或計(jì)劃將來(lái)某時(shí)刻之前已完成的動(dòng)作，或已存在的狀態(tài)。

常與before，after，until，when等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作一般表示將來(lái)。常用句型如下：

bythetime(theend)0f+表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或句子。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示到現(xiàn)在為止已完成或仍在持續(xù)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)；強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響、聯(lián)系，或表示經(jīng)歷、經(jīng)驗(yàn)，即用過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且現(xiàn)在或者目前一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的一種時(shí)態(tài)。I___________aletterandnowIwillmailit.(write)I_______________aletterthewholemorning.(write)常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：thisday(week，month，year)，sofar，forsometime，uptonow，uptothepresent，allthisyear(month，week)等；havewrittenhavebeenwriting例句：1.Hesaid:“I____________alotofnewwordsbytheendoflastyear．”(2002．12B級(jí))A)hadalreadylearntB)wouldhavealreadylearntC)havealreadylearntD)alreadylearnt答案：。句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)bytheendoflastyear表明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。2.Theprojecttoclearupthepollutedriver____________bytheendofnextyear．(2002．6B級(jí))A)isbeingcompletedB)willhavebeencompletedC)hasbeencompletedD)willhavecompleted答案：。句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)bytheendofnextyear表明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。3.Thestudents____________theirpapersbytheendofthismonth．(2002．6A級(jí))A)willhavefinishedB)havebeenfinishingC)havefinishedD)willbefinishing答案：。句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)bytheendofthismonth表明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。A)B)A)4.UptillnowI(spend)_______agreatdealofmoneyonbooks，magazinesandnewspapers.(2003．6B級(jí))A)spentC)hadspentB)havespentD)amgoingtospend答案：。句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)uptillnow要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。5.Untilthen________hisfamilyfromhimforseveralmonths．A)

hadn’theardC)didn’thearB)hasn’theardD)hasn’tbeenhearing答案：。句中的狀語(yǔ)untilthen和forseveralmonths可以判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。6．Hardly______we________therailwaystationwhenitbegantorainheavily．A)had…gottoB)have…gottoC)did…gettoD)do…getto答案：?！癶ardly+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+when+過(guò)去時(shí)”句型。B)A)A)二、動(dòng)詞不定式考核重點(diǎn)：不定式的完成式、進(jìn)行式和被動(dòng)式。定義：不定式是一種非限定性動(dòng)詞，即那些在句中不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，它可以在句中充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的任何成分。結(jié)構(gòu)：1）to+動(dòng)詞原形2）動(dòng)詞原形（在hadbetter、let,make,see,feel,watch,hear，whynot之后。）不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1.一般時(shí)

表示不定式的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在之后發(fā)生。如：

Iplantoattendthemeeting.2.完成時(shí)

表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。如：

Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.

3.進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：

Theyaresaidtobeworkinghard.4.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生，并且一直進(jìn)行著。如：

Heissaidtohavebeenworkinginthatfactoryfortwelveyears.不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。Iwishtobesenttoworkinthecountry.Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired?例句：1.Hewasverysorry____________herattheairport．(2002．6A級(jí))A)tohavenotmetB)nottohavemetC)nottomeetD)tonotmeet

答案：。動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式否定。2.I’dratherreadthanwatchtelevision；theprogramsseem____________allthetime.A)togetworseB)gettingworseC)tohavegotworseD)tobegettingworse答案：。不定式的進(jìn)行式，表示“一直是”的意思。3.Mr.Smithpreferred____________heavierworktodo．A)tobegivenB)togiveC)tohavegivenD)havinggiven

答案：。不定式的被動(dòng)式。

4.ADreamoftheRedChamberissaid____________intomorethantenlanguagesinthelastdecade．A)tohavetranslatedB)totranslateC)tohavebeentranslatedD)tobetranslated

答案：。不定式的被動(dòng)完成式。B)D)A)C)三、動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞考核重點(diǎn)：分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。注意：當(dāng)分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般與句子主語(yǔ)保持一致。分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、讓步和伴隨狀態(tài)等；當(dāng)分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不一致，便要使用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，即帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的分詞短語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨狀況等；分詞作定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)。例句：1.TheMayDayHoliday____________over，wemustnowgetdowntowork．(2001．12A級(jí))A)beB)beingC)tohavebeenD)tobe答案：。帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。2.Thousandsofproducts____________fromcrudeoilarenowindailyuse．(2003．6A級(jí))A)tomakeB)bemadeC)makingD)made

答案：。分詞作后置定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。B)D)3.Ihavefoundsomearticles____________theharmfuleffectsofdrinking．(2003．12A級(jí))A)beingconcernedB)concernedC)toconcernD)concerning

答案：。concerning應(yīng)為賓語(yǔ)somearticles的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這里賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。4.Istayedupallnight____________tofindanewsolutiontotheproblem．(2004．6A級(jí))A)tryingB)havetriedC)tryD)tried

答案：?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)。5.____________suchagoodchance，heplannedtolearnmore．A)TobegiveB)HavingbeengivenC)HavinggivenD)Giving

答案：。被動(dòng)完成式現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示條件。D)A)B)四、動(dòng)名詞考核重點(diǎn)：只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：admit，enjoy，include，involvepractise，excuse，postponemind，dislike，mention，imaginesuggest，delay，miss，understand，hate，like，favor，escapedeny，consider，appreciate，avoid，risk等。例句：1.Idon’tmind____________allthatwayinsuchbadweather．(2001．6A級(jí))A)goB)goneC)goingD)togo

答案：。動(dòng)詞mind后面要求v一ing的形式(動(dòng)名詞)作賓語(yǔ)。2.Janealwaysenjoys____________topopularmusicathomeonFridayevenings．(2003．6A級(jí))A)listeningB)beinglisteningC)tobelisteningD)tolisten

答案：。enjoy喜歡，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。C)A)3.Theyareconsidering____________beforethepricegoup．A)ofbuyingthehouseB)withbuyingthehouseC)buyingthehouseD)tobuythehouse答案：。consider后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。4.It’snouse____________menottoworry．A)youtellB)yourtellingC)foryoutohavetoldD)havingtold答案：。It’snouse+v．ing句型要求。這里是帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。

C)B)五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考核重點(diǎn)：should(oughtto)+have+過(guò)去分詞，表示“對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的責(zé)備、驚奇或推測(cè)”以及表示“應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)有做的事情”；might(could)+have+過(guò)去分詞，表示“過(guò)去可能發(fā)生而沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事情”；must+have+過(guò)去分詞，表示“對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)”，只用于肯定句；否定句和疑問(wèn)句用can’t和can；needn’t+have+過(guò)去分詞，表示“做了不必做的事”。例句：1.ThisATMhasbeenoutofserviceforafewdays．Itshould________lastweek．(2004．6級(jí))A)fixB)befixedC)havefixedD)havebeenfixed

答案：。should+have+過(guò)去分詞，表示“應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)有做的事情”。2.Withallthisworkonhand，he________tothecinemalastnight．A)mustn’tgoB)wouldn’tgoC)oughtn’tgoD)shouldn’thavegone

答案：。表示“對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的責(zé)備”。3.Theclassroomisinaterriblemess；it________cleaned．A)can’thavebeenB)wouldn’thavebeenC)shouldn’thavebeenD)mustn’thavebeen答案。表示“對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)”。

D)D)A)六、定語(yǔ)從句考核重點(diǎn)：由that，as，when，where,which，whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)+of+which(whom)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；介詞+which(whose，whom)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。例句：1.Thatistheveryman________housewasburneddownlastweek．(2001．6A級(jí))A)hisB)whoseC)whichD)ofwhom答案：。關(guān)系詞whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，whose在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。2.________isoftenthecase,onethirdoftheworkershaveover-fulfilledtheproductionplan．(2001．12A級(jí))A)WhatB)ThisC)ThatD)As

答案：。as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，指代后面整個(gè)句子。3．Thisisthemicroscope________whichwehavehadsomuchtrouble．(2003．6A級(jí))A）atB)fromC)ofD)with答案：。which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，可以把從句末尾的介詞置于which之前。B)D)D)4.Thehotel________duringthevacationwasratherpoorlymanaged．(2004．6A級(jí))A)asIstayedB)whereIstayedC)whichIstayedD)whatIstayed答案：。thehotel后面是由where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。5．All________isacontinuoussupplyofthebasicnecessitiesoflife．A)whatisneededB)thethingneededC)forourneedsD)thatisneeded答案：。先行詞all由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾。6．Theresidents，________hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross．A)

alltheirhomesB)allwhosehomesC)allofwhosehomesD)alloftheirhomes

答案：。B)D)C)七、狀語(yǔ)從句考核重點(diǎn)：引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：as，seeingthat(由于)，inthat(因?yàn)?，consideringthatforthereasonthat，nowthat，notthat…butthat(不是因?yàn)椋且驗(yàn)?等；B.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的名詞詞組：theinstant，themoment，theminute，thetime，eachtime，everytime等；引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：as(so)longas，unless，onconditionthat(條件是)，providing(provided)that(假若)，suppose(supposing)that(假使)，granting(granted)that(假定)等；引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞：inorderthat，incase。sothat等；“主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(表語(yǔ))+as(though)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，句子倒裝。例句：1.WemovedtoLondon________wecouldvisitourfriendsmoreoften．(2002．12A級(jí))A)evenifB)sothatC)incaseD)as

答案：。sothat以便、為了，引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。2.Shedidn’tgotothecinemalastnight，________shehadtofinishhertermpaper．(2003．12A級(jí))A)asB)ifC)tillD)though答案：。as這里作“由于”解，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。3.Youcandriveyourowncar________youhavepassedthedrivingtest．(2002．6B級(jí))A)nowthatB)evenifC)sothatD)asif

答案：。nowthat因?yàn)?，既然，引?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。4.Don’tworry.________youworkhard，youaresuretopasstheexam．(2003．6B級(jí))A)AsmuchasB)AswellasC)AssoonasD)Aslongas

答案：。aslongas只要，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。B)A)A)D)5.Youseethelightening________ithappens，butyouhearthethunderlater．A)theinstantB)foraninstantC)ontheinstantD)inaninstant

答案：。theinstant，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的名詞。6.Liquidsarelikesolids________theyhaveadefinitevolume．A)inthatB)forthatC）withthatD)atthat答案：。inthat因?yàn)椋龑?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。7.We’11visitEnglandandGermanynextyear________wehaveenoughmoney．A)unlessB)providedC)lestD)until

答案：。provided假設(shè)，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。8.________forthem，theytraveledon．A)HardasthejourneywasB)AsjourneywashardC)HardthejourneywasD)Thejourneywashard

答案：?！爸髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(表語(yǔ))+as(though)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。A)A)B)A)八、虛擬語(yǔ)氣

考核重點(diǎn)：在表示“愿望”，“請(qǐng)求”，‘‘建議”，“命令”等主觀意向的動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞等后的從句中，要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，形式是：“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，或省去should直接用“動(dòng)詞原形”。這些動(dòng)詞、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞是：動(dòng)詞有suggest，propose，desire，request，advise，command，insist，require，order，recommend，beg，prefer，maintain(主張)，direct(命令)等；形容詞有necessary，important，essential．desirable，advisable，urgent，preferable，insistent，strange等；過(guò)去分詞有suggested，proposed，demanded，required，requested，desired，ordered，recommended，insisted，asked，resolved等；名詞有suggestion，proposal，advice，order，request，recommendation，requirement，insistence，necessity，command等；在某些表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句中(if從句)；在itis(high/about)timethat．．．句型中，表示“到該干某事的時(shí)候了”，在Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，表示“但愿，該……就好了”；在with，without，butfor(要不是)，or，otherwise，exceptfor，undertheconditionthatinthepositionof等介詞短語(yǔ)中；在inorderthat(為了)，incase引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中；在wish，wouldrather后的賓語(yǔ)從句

例句：11.Themanagerofthecompanyinsistedthatallthestaffmembers________thenewsafetyrules．(2002．6A級(jí))A)observedB)willobserveC)wouldobserveD)observe答案：。insist引出的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。2.Ithinkit’shightimewe________strictmeasurestostoppollution.(2002．12A級(jí))A)willtakeB)takeC)tookD)havetaken

答案：。在It’shigh／abouttime后的從句動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。D)C)3.________lastFriday，hewouldhavegottoParis．(2003．6A級(jí))A)WouldheleaveB)HadheleftC)IfheistoleaveD)Ifhewasleaving答案：。本句是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。4.It’snecessarythattheproblem________insomewayorother.(2001．6B級(jí))A)besettledB)settledC)issettledD)settled答案：。在necessary(important)等形容詞后面用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。55.Thecommitteemembersproposethattheplan________postponedforafewdays．(2002．6B級(jí))A)tobeB)beingC)beD)been答案：。動(dòng)詞propose后賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。6.Ididn’tgowiththemtothebeachyesterday．ButIdowishI________there.(2003.6B級(jí))A)havebeenB)hadbeenC)wasD)am答案：。在wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。B)A)C)B)7.________thestorm，theshipwouldhavereacheditsdestinationontime．A)InspiteofB)IncaseofC)ButforD)Becauseof答案：。butfor(要不是)介詞短語(yǔ)后用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。8.Mysuggestionisthatwe________aspecialboardtoexaminetheproblem．A)willsetupB)aretosetupC)setupD)mustsetup答案：。(should)setup，在名詞suggestion后用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。9.Hemusthavehadanaccident，or________then．A)wouldhavebeenhereB)hadtobehereC)shouldbehereD)wouldbehere答案：。在or后面用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。10.Itisrecommendedthattheproject________untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade．A)isnotstartedB)willnotbestartedC)notbestartedD)isnottobestarted答案：。在過(guò)去分詞recommended后面用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。C)C)A)C)九、倒裝句考核重點(diǎn):以not…until，not，never，little，nowhere，rarely，seldom,scarcely,hardly，nosooner，innocase，atnotime，onnoaccount，under

nocircumstances,，bynomeans等引導(dǎo)的句子；only+副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)(從句)引出的句子。例句：1.NotuntilIshoutedatthetopofmyvoice______thedanger.(2001．6A級(jí))A)thathenoticedB)hedidn’tnoticeC)didhenoticeD)hadhenoticed答案：。notuntil開頭句子倒裝。2.Notforamoment_______thetruthofyourexplanationabouttheevent．(2003．6A級(jí))A)wehavedoubtedB)didwedoubtC)wehaddoubtedD)doubtedwe答案：。否定詞not置于句首，謂語(yǔ)用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。3.Onlybyshoutingatthetopofhisvoice________.A)washeabletomakehimselfhearB)hewasabletomakehimselfhearC)hewasabletomakehimselfheardD)washeabletomakehimselfheard答案：。only+狀語(yǔ)引出的句子中，用倒裝。C)B)D)完全倒裝1.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)。另外,在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來(lái)代替be動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。如:

Therestoodadogbeforehim.

Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.鞏固練習(xí):

1)________abeautifulpalace________thefootofthehill.

A.Therestand;at

B.Therestands;under

C.Standsthere;under

D.Therestands;at2(1).在以here、there、now、then等副詞開頭的句子里。

“Here,There,Now,Then+come(或be,go,lie,run)+主語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)。

Herecomestheoldlady!

Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.

Therecomesthebus.

Nowcomesyourturn.如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞,就不用倒裝。如:

Hereyouare.

Thereshecomes.(2).表示方向的副詞out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒裝。如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞,就不用倒裝。如:

IncameMr.White.

Upwentthearrowintotheair.

Awaywenttheboy.

2)There________.Andhere________.

A.goesthephone;shecomes

B.isthephonegoing;isshe

C.doesthephonego;doesshecome

D.thephonegoes;comeshe3)Out________,withastickinhishand.

A.didherush

B.rushedhe

C.herushed

D.hedidrush

4)________fromthetopofthebuildingwhenthepolicemanpointedthegunathim.

A.Jumpeddowntherobber

B.Jumpedtherobberdown

C.Downjumpedtherobber

D.Downtherobberjumped(3).當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等)在句首時(shí)。

Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.

Thesoldiersrantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.

Eastofthelakelietwotowns.

Underthetreewaslyingawoundedsoldier.5)Nearthechurch________cottage.

A.wassuchanold

B.hadasoold

C.wassucholda

D.issoanold3."分詞(代詞)+be+主語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher.

Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.6)________,amanofachievements,deepthoughts,butwithsimplehabits.

A.EinsteinwassuchB.SuchwasEinstein

C.Einsteinwasso

D.SowasEinstein

7)________arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon.

A.Gone

B.Go

C.Togo

D.Going十、強(qiáng)調(diào)句考核重點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型：Itis(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分例句：1.Thepoliceaskedtheifitwastheplace______theyfoundthelostchild．(2002．12B級(jí))A)whichB)whatC)thatD)where答案：。本句的賓語(yǔ)句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。2.ItwasinChina________theagreementwassigned．A)thatB)whichC)whereD)what答案：。本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

C)A)十一、主謂一致考核重點(diǎn)：由連詞and連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，and后面的名詞不加冠詞，常指一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如：thesecretaryandprincipal(書記兼校長(zhǎng))以一ics結(jié)尾的名詞表示一門學(xué)科，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)；由連詞or，either．．．or，neither…nor，notonly…butalso，nor等連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞，其謂語(yǔ)采用毗鄰一致的原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致；如果主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)而后面有with，togetherwith，aswellas，inadditionto，morethan，nolessthan，1ike，but，except等詞引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞且前面有every，each，no等詞修飾，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Everyboyandgirlinthisvillageistaughttoreadandwrite。manya(ananother)+名詞，morethanone+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：morethanonewomanwasinvolvedinthiscase．thenumber(variety)of+名詞，anamountof(adealof／plentyof)+不可數(shù)名詞，aquantityof+不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用單數(shù)。例句：1.Manyaboyandmanyagirl________independent．A、hopetobeB)expectstobeC)wantsD)longsfor答案：。manya+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。2.EithersheorI________toblame．A)isB)areC)haveD)am答案：。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。3.Asuitcasewithshirts，trousersandshoes________fromthecar.A)wasstolenB)havebeenrobbedC)hasrobbedD)hadstolen答案：。主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)而后面有with引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。4.Thenumberofpeopleinvited________fifty，butanumberofthem________absentwithoutanyreason.A)were；wasB)was；wasC)was；wereD)were；were答案：。thenumberof+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A)D)A)C)十二、反意問(wèn)句

考核重點(diǎn)：反意問(wèn)句由陳述句+簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句組成。當(dāng)陳述句中的主語(yǔ)是everybody，everyone,someone，noone，nobody，somebody等合成詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)they來(lái)表示。而當(dāng)陳述句中的主語(yǔ)是everything，nothing，anything，something時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)用it來(lái)表示。如：Somebodycametoseeme．didthey?祈使句后面可以加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句，使句子語(yǔ)氣變得客氣些。如：Don’tforgettowatertheflowerinthegarden，whileIamaway,willyou？十三、代詞考核重點(diǎn)：不定代詞。many，much，little，few的用法；both，either，neither用于兩者之間;all,any,none用于三者以上。例句：1.Iaminterestedin________youtoldme．A)allwhatB）allC)thatD）that

答案：。表示“一切”(三者以上)用all。2.Youcanparkon________sideofthestreet．A)eitherB)anyC)allD)both

答案：。指街道兩邊(任何一邊)用either。3.A10tofpeopletried．buthavesucceed．A)thefewB)fewC)fewerD)somefew

答案：。修飾可數(shù)名詞用few。B)A)B)十四、形容詞和副詞考核重點(diǎn)：在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中的應(yīng)用。比較級(jí)前面可以有much，far，slightly，alot，alittle，still，ever，…times(多少倍)，any，no或notany等程度副詞修飾；多音節(jié)形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)在前面加more和most：themore…themore句型；有些形容詞本身就是比較級(jí)的形式，在做比較時(shí)用to而不用than。如：superior(較高的)，senior(年長(zhǎng)的)，junior(年少的)等。例句：1.IthinkthatAnnais________farthemostactivememberinourgroup.(2003．12A級(jí))A)withB)atC)asD)by答案：。句中出現(xiàn)最高級(jí)形式，只有D)可以和搭配構(gòu)成byfar，修飾形容詞最高級(jí)。2.Insomemodemcountrieswefinda________numberofpeoplewithuniversitydegreesthantherearejobsforthemtofill．A)largeB)muchlargerC)morelargeD)morelarger答案：。比較級(jí)可以用much修飾。3.Themorewegettogether，________weshallbe．A)themorehappyB)thehappierC)thehappyD)happier答案：。themore…themore句型4.Thescientistisseveralyearsjunior________Mr.Smith．A)thanB)toC)forD)on答案：。junior做比較時(shí)用to而不用than。D)B)B)B)第二章多項(xiàng)選擇題

SectionA

SectionBSectionA.Directions:Inthispart,thereare700incompletesentences.Youarerequiredtocompleteeachonebydecidinginthemostappropriatewordfromthe4choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenyoushouldmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.1.SoonthesportsmenfromtheUSA________tothechangeableweatherofthecity．A)adoptedB)adjustedC)adaptedD)advised2.Iamanewcomerhere．Idon’tknowwheretherailwaystationis________.A)locatedB)standingC)liedD)situating3.Ifyouarenotcarefulenough，youmay________blackwithwhite．A)contrastB)compareC)confuseD)contract4.Whenwewerechildren，we________foraswim，iftheweatherwasfine．A)willgoB)wasgoingC)wouldgoD)hadgone5.________youareonyourown，youcanmakeyourowndecisions．A)NowthatB)ThoughC)AsD)Because6.Jack________togooutveryoftenuntilhemetJill．A)usednotB)didn’tuseC)notusedD)wasnotused7.Asstudentsweshould________allourtimeandenergyonourstudy．A)concentrateB)costC)putD)have8.Agroupofyoungmenwillplanttrees________thereisalotofsunshine．A)whatB)whichC)whereD)when9.Youaresupposedtowritea________ofthetextafterstudyingit．A)accountB)sumC)descriptionD)summary10.Wedon’tunderstandhowthemanagercouldtrytoescapehis________.A)tasksB)responsibilityC)dutyD)work11.A________(Mr,MrsorMiss)andfamilynameareusedwhenspeakingtosomeonewedon’tknowverywell．A)nameB)titleC)surnameD)nickname12.Theyneedonly________youngpeopletodothiswork．A)manyB)alotofC)fewD)afew13.Shehasahigh________inlife．A)aimB)purposeC)ambitionD)intention14.Milk________health．A)improvesB)causesC)promotesD)increases15.Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoften________illness．A)resultsB)leadstoC)affectsD)runsto16.Attheageofeighteen,hedecidedtotakepoliticsashis________.A)jobB)taskC)workD)career17.Peoplelivinginthecountrysideenjoypeaceandquiet，andcandotheirworkattheirown________.A)backgroundB)conditionsC)paceD)space18.Themovie________usofthepainsbroughtbyWorldWarII．A)wasthoughtofB)keptC)remindedD)remembered19.Literaturehasagreat________onman’sthought．A)effectB)affectC)reactionD)efficiency20.Abirthdayisno________fortears．A)chanceB)opportunityC)dayD)occasion21.Andersonisoneofthose________appearfriendlybutarehardtodealwith．A)whoB)theyC)thatD)which22.Shehadseveralthousandbooks,________novels，whichshelefttoherdaughter．A)nearlyB)mostlyC)almostD)generally23.Thecampmeeting---Allengavehisfirstperformancelastsummerwasheldforreligiouspurpose．A)whereB)whichC)thatD)who24.Onceyouenterthesociety，youaremostly________yourown．A)inB)onC)ofD)to25.Theageofthestudentsinthatclass________from7to12．A)variesB)changesC)turnsD)alters26.Thecolorredisoftena________ofdanger．A)symbolB)signC)signalD)mark27.Myproblemsarevery________toyours．A)alikeB)sameC)similarD)exact28.Please________beforeentering.A)hitB)knockC)tapD)pat29.Passengerscanspeaktotheirfriendson________throughawirelesstelephone．A)coastB)soilC)beachD)shore30.Itiswrongtoread________letterswithoutpermissionA)privateB)privacyC)secretD)personal31.Theysucceededatlastafteradoptingan_________workingmethod．A)effectB)affectC)effectiveD)efficient32.Thenewregulationswillbeofgreat_________tousa11．A)profitB)advantageC)benefitD)value33.Heisnot_________tobetherenextweek．A)possibleB)likelyC)capableD)able34.On_________,welearn10Englishwordseveryday．A)usualB)averageC)ordinaryD)common35.Maryisthekindofpersonwhoalwaysseemstobe_________ahurry．A)onB)withC)inD)for36.Inearlierdays,localtradewas______moreimportant．A)manyB)veryC)muchD)too37.Everyone’sreadingspeedvaries_________thematerielheisreading．A)withB)atC)forD)from38.Air_________inEuropeisextremelyexpensive.A)journeyB)travelC)tripD)voyage39.How_________doyouknowaboutAustralia?A)manyB)muchC)moreD)most40.Iwon’tpaythem_________theyworkharder．A)ifB)incaseC)unlessD)lest41