精品精品感謝下載載感謝下載載ⅠChooseonewhichisthebestanswerineachquestion （40point=40 ）Immunologicalunresponsivenesstoselfantigensiscalled:(A)A Tolerance B Tolerogen C Memory D AcquiredimmunityThesignaltransductionmoleculesassociatedwithBCRare(B)A.CD21 and CD81. B.IgIgC.IgD and IgM. andITIMs.T cells are MHC-restricted in their ability to respond to because(D )allantigenmustbeprocessedandpresentedtoactivatelymphocytes.duringaninfection,allcellsinthebodypresentantigenonMHCClassI.MHCbindsantigenmorespecificallythanTCRdoes.TCRmustrecognizebothantigenandMHCmolecules.AnantibodyFabcontains(AB)A. complementarity determining regions. B.H and L chain regions. C.oneantigenbindingregion. D.oneH-Linterchaindisulfidebond.5Positiveselectioninthethymusismediatedby:(A)A Thymic epithelial cells. BMacrophages. C Dendritic D B-cells.Type Ⅳhypersentivityisoftenreferredtoas: (B)Immediatehypersensitivity B.DelayedhypersensitivityC.Cytotoxichypersensitivity D.AllergichypersensitivityType Ⅱhypersentivityisoftenreferredtoas: (C)Immediatehypersensitivity B.DelayedhypersensitivityC.Cytotoxichypersensitivity D.AllergichypersensitivityNaiveBcellexpresses(C)IgAalone B.IgAandIgG CIgM+IgD D.IgEandIgTcell-derivedcytokines(D)areantigen-specificproductsofTcellactivationarestoredintherestingTcellandreleasedonactivationareMHC-restrictedintheireffectsinfluencetheclassofantibodiesproducedbyBcellNeutrophilsareattractedtoaninfectedareaby (C)A. IgM B.C1 C.C5a D.C8Complementlysescellsby (C)enzymaticdigestionofthecellmembraneactivationofadenylatecyclaseinsertionofcomplementproteinsintothecellmembraneinhibitionofelongationfactor2CD8isamarkerof ( C)Bcells B.Helper-Tcells C.cytotoxicTcell D.MφMHCclass Ⅱmoleculesarefoundon (B )Virtuallyallcellsinthebody B. Bcells,DCandM φC. Virtuallyallnucleatedcellsinthebody D.Onlyonvirally-infectedcells.AlloffollowingcytokinesaresecretedbyTh2cellsexcept (B )IL-4 B.IFN-γ C.IL-5 D.IL-6WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofCD4 +andCD8 +cellmarkers?(D)ThesearebothsurfaceglycoproteinsexpressedonT-cells.These serve to distinguish different types of T-cells, e.g., suppressorandcytotoxic,fromeachother.Thesearenotfoundassociatedwithimmunoglobulins.BothofthemarkersarepresentonALLT-cells.16.16. CellsbearingMHCclassIpluspeptidearetargetsforspecific:(B)A B-cells.B CytotoxicT-cells.C Th1cells.D Th2cells.Dendriticcellsarecharacterizedby: (D)Athepresenceofmajorbasicprotein BexpressionofCD3CexpressionofIgMmolecules DtheirinterfacebetweentheinnateandadaptiveimmunesystemWhichofthefollowinguniquelydistinguishestheT-cellreceptor(TCR)fromanantibody?(A)TheTCRcanbindanantigenfragmentonlyinatrimolecularcomplexwith either the class I or class II surface proteins of the histocompatibilitycomplexTheTCRcanfunctionasacellsurfaceantigenreceptorTheTCRiscomposedoftwodifferenttypesofpolypeptidechainsTheTCRiscapableofparticipatinginacytotoxicreaction.Acriticalpropertyofanantigenis (A)Itsabilitytostimulateanimmuneresponseauniquetopologicalfeaturecalledanparatopenotauniquetopologicalfeaturecalledanantigenicdeterminantthesizeofwhichisrelativelysmall20.Opsonizationofbacteriaoccursthroughcoatingbacteriajustwith:20.Opsonizationofbacteriaoccursthroughcoatingbacteriajustwith:(A)A C3bB C8C MembraneattackcomplexD IgM21.ThefollowingischaracteristicofB-butnotT-cells:(D)A Class I MHC. BCD3. C HIV virus receptor. D immunoglobulin.．Which of the following molecules is expressed on the surface matureCD4 +Tcells?(C)A.Bcellreceptor B.CD1d C.CD3 D.CD8．Thethymusisthesiteofinitialdifferentiationfor （D ）A. Bcells B.Erythrocytes C.Hematopieticstemcells D.TcellsThemembraneattackcomplexconsistsof: (C)A OH BC3b3b,Bb C C5b,6,7,8,9 D ProperdinType Ⅰhypersentivityisoftenreferredtoas: (A )A.Immediatehypersensitivity B.DelayedhypersensitivityC.Cytotoxichypersensitivity D.ImmunecomplexhypersensitivityType Ⅲhypersentivityisoftenreferredtoas: ( D)A.Immediatehypersensitivity B.DelayedhypersensitivityC.Cytotoxichypersensitivity D.ImmunecomplexhypersensitivityThetype Ⅰhypersentivityismediatedby: (D)A.IgA B.IgD C.IgG D.IgEThe cytokine which is most involved in the class switch to productionis: (D)A.IL-1 B.IL-2 C.TGFbeta D.IL-4Which type hypersensitivity is related to the mechanism of Arthusreaction: (C)A.Type Ⅰhypersentivity B.TypeⅡhypersentivityC.TypeⅢhypersentivity D.TypeⅣhypersentivityT-cellCD40LprovidesacostimulatorysignaltoB-cellsbyligating:(A)A CD40 B MHCclassII C CD28 D CD19 Which immunoglobulin can be transported through the placenta?(A)A.IgG B.IgM C.SecretoryIgA D.IgEWhichimmunoglobulinisthemostoneintheblood? (A)A.IgG B.IgM C.SecretoryIgA D.IgEWhichimmunoglobulincanmediatetheimmediatehypersensitivity?(D)A.IgG B.IgM C.SecretoryIgA D.IgEMoleculesdirectlyinvolvedinNKcellmediatedkillinginclude: (BA nitricoxide Bgranzyme Ccomplement D IFN-γImmunecomplexesconsistof (C)A.antibodypluscomplement B.basophilpluscomplementC.antigenplusantibody D.antigenpluscomplement36.36. ThemaincostimulatorysignalforactivationofrestingT-cellsisprovidedbyligationof:(A)A CD28B SurfaceIgC LFA-1D VLA-437. TheT-cellreceptorantigenrecognitionsignalistransducedby:(E)A TheTCRalphachain.BTheTCRbetachain.D CD2.ECD3.38. TheT-cellligandbindingB7onaprofessionalantigen-presentingcellis:AA CD28B CD2C LFA-1D ICAM-139. Secondaryantibodyresponsesarebetterbecause:(C)A TheyprovidedefenseagainstunrelatedantigensBB TheantibodycanbemadebybothTandBcellsC TheyarestrongerandfasterD TheydonotrequireT-cellhelp40.Whichcelltypeproducesantibodies?:(D)A MacrophagesB T-lymphocytesC NKD PlasmacellsIndicatewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.（10points=20 ）Ahaptencanstimulateantibodyformationbutcannotcombinewithantibodymolecules.( F)Boostershotsarerequiredbecauserepeatedexposuretoanantigenbuildsastrongerimmuneresponse. ( T)The Igβheterodimer and CD3 serve analogous functions in B-cellreceptorandT-cellreceptor,respectively.(T)Antigen-presenting cells express both class I and class II moleculesontheirmembranes.(T)Babies can acquire IgE-mediated allergies by passive transfer ofmaternalantibody.(F)BothCTLsandNKcellsreleaseperforinafterinteractingwithtargetcells.(T)Targetcelllysisanddestructioncanbeachievedbyperforinreleasedfromantigen-specificcytotoxicT-cells(T)The immune response is mediated via the humoral and/or armsoftheimmunesystem (T)ImmediatetypehypersensitivityismediatedbyIgM. (F)Allcytokine-bindingreceptorscintaintwoorthreesubunits.(T)ⅢAnswerthefollowingsnf （0s=40 ）NamethethreetypesofprofessionalAPCs,andgiveoneexampleofnonprofessionalAPCs.BMDCendothelialcellSummarizethefourmajorfunctionsofcomplementsystem ①lysisofcells,bacteriaandviruses ②opsonizationtoenhancephagocytosis③clearanceofimmunecomplexes④stimulationofinflammationList theclassicalClassIandClassIIgenelociforhumansWhatdose"MHCrestriction"mean?HLA-A,B,CHLA-DPDRDQToactivateTcells,twomoleculesmustberecognizedontheantigen-presentingcells,whatarethey?Peptide-MHCComparetheprimaryandsecondaryresponsesfromthefollowingpointsofview:(a)timeforantibodytoappear(b)quantityofantibodyproduced(c)classofantibodyproduced(d)durationofantibodyproduction.CompareClassIandClassIIMHCproteinsfromthefollowingpointsofview:(a)typesofcellsonwhichtheyarelocated(b)roleinantigenrecognitionbyCD4 +andCD8+Tcells.HelperTcellscanbedividedintotwosubsetsbasedontheirlymphokinesecretionprofile.Explain.Whatarethemainfunctionsofmacrophages?PleasedrawaschematicdiagramofatypicalIgGmoleculeandlabeleachpartofthechains.精品精品感謝下載載感謝下載載1 總則1.1 為了加強(qiáng)公司的環(huán)境衛(wèi)生管理，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)整潔、文明、溫馨的購(gòu)物、辦公環(huán)境，根據(jù)《公共場(chǎng)所衛(wèi)生管理?xiàng)l例》的要求，特制定本制度。1.2 集團(tuán)公司的衛(wèi)生管理部門(mén)設(shè)在企管部，并負(fù)責(zé)將集團(tuán)公司的衛(wèi)生區(qū)域詳細(xì)劃分到各部室，各分公司所轄區(qū)域衛(wèi)生由分公司客服部負(fù)責(zé)劃分，確保無(wú)遺漏。2 衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.1 室內(nèi)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.1.1 地面、墻面：無(wú)灰塵、無(wú)紙屑、無(wú)痰跡、無(wú)泡泡糖等粘合物、無(wú)積水，墻角無(wú)灰吊、無(wú)蜘蛛網(wǎng)。2.1.2 門(mén)、窗、玻璃、鏡子、柱子、電梯、樓梯、燈具等，做到明亮、無(wú)灰塵、無(wú)污跡、無(wú)粘合物，特別是玻璃，要求兩面明亮。2.1.3 柜臺(tái)、貨架：清潔干凈，貨架、柜臺(tái)底層及周?chē)鸁o(wú)亂堆亂放現(xiàn)象、無(wú)灰塵、無(wú)粘合物，貨架頂部、背部和底部干凈，不存放雜物和私人物品。2.1.4 購(gòu)物車(chē)（筐）、直接接觸食品的售貨工具（包括刀、叉等）：做到內(nèi)外潔凈，無(wú)污垢和粘合物等。購(gòu)物車(chē)（筐）要求每天營(yíng)業(yè)前簡(jiǎn)單清理，周五全面清理消毒；售貨工具要求每天消毒，并做好記錄。2.1.5 商品及包裝：商品及外包裝清潔無(wú)灰塵（外包裝破損的或破舊的不得陳列）。2.1.6 收款臺(tái)、服務(wù)臺(tái)、辦公櫥、存包柜：保持清潔、無(wú)灰塵，臺(tái)面和側(cè)面無(wú)灰塵、無(wú)灰吊和蜘蛛網(wǎng)。桌面上不得亂貼、亂畫(huà)、亂堆放物品，用具擺放有序且干凈，除當(dāng)班的購(gòu)物小票收款聯(lián)外，其它單據(jù)不得存放在桌面上。2.1.7 垃圾桶：桶內(nèi)外干凈，要求營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間隨時(shí)清理，不得溢出，每天下班前徹底清理，不得留有垃圾過(guò)夜。2.1.8 窗簾：定期進(jìn)行清理，要求干凈、無(wú)污漬。2.1.9 吊飾：屋頂?shù)牡躏椧鬅o(wú)灰塵、無(wú)蜘蛛網(wǎng)，短期內(nèi)不適用的吊飾及時(shí)清理徹底。2.1.10 內(nèi)、外倉(cāng)庫(kù)：半年徹底清理一次，無(wú)垃圾、無(wú)積塵、無(wú)蜘蛛網(wǎng)等。2.1.11 室內(nèi)其他附屬物及工作用具均以整潔為準(zhǔn)，要求無(wú)灰塵、無(wú)粘合物等污垢。2.2 室外衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.2.1 門(mén)前衛(wèi)生：地面每天班前清理，平時(shí)每一小時(shí)清理一次，每周四營(yíng)業(yè)結(jié)束后有條件的用水沖洗地面（冬季可根據(jù)情況適當(dāng)清理），墻面干凈且無(wú)亂貼亂畫(huà)。2.2.2 院落衛(wèi)生：院內(nèi)地面衛(wèi)生全天保潔，果皮箱、消防器械、護(hù)欄及配電箱等設(shè)施每周清理干凈。垃圾池周邊衛(wèi)生清理徹底，不得有垃圾溢出。2.2.3 綠化區(qū)衛(wèi)生：做到無(wú)雜物、無(wú)紙屑、無(wú)塑料袋等垃圾。3 清理程序3.1 室內(nèi)和門(mén)前院落等區(qū)域衛(wèi)生：每天營(yíng)業(yè)前提前10分鐘把所管轄區(qū)域內(nèi)衛(wèi)生清理完畢，營(yíng)業(yè)期間隨時(shí)保潔。下班后5-10分鐘清理桌面及衛(wèi)生區(qū)域。3.2 綠化區(qū)衛(wèi)生：每周徹底清理一遍，隨時(shí)保持清潔無(wú)垃圾。4 管理考核4.1 實(shí)行百分制考核，每月一次（四個(gè)分公司由客服部分別考核、集團(tuán)職4.2 集團(tuán)堅(jiān)持定期檢查和不定期抽查的方式監(jiān)督各分公司、部門(mén)的衛(wèi)生工作。每周五為衛(wèi)生檢查日，集團(tuán)檢查結(jié)果考核至各分公司，各分公司客服部的檢查結(jié)果考核至各部門(mén)。!ⅠChooseonewhichisthebestanswerineachquestion （40point=40 ）Immunologicalunresponsivenesstoselfantigensiscalled:(A)A Tolerance B Tolerogen C Memory D AcquiredimmunityThesignaltransductionmoleculesassociatedwithBCRare(B)A.CD21 and CD81. B.IgIgC.IgD and IgM. andITIMs.T cells are MHC-restricted in their ability to respond to because(D )allantigenmustbeprocessedandpresentedtoactivatelymphocytes.duringaninfection,allcellsinthebodypresentantigenonMHCClassI.MHCbindsantigenmorespecificallythanTCRdoes.TCRmustrecognizebothantigenandMHCmolecules.AnantibodyFabcontains(AB)A. complementarity determining regions. B.H and L chain regions. C.oneantigenbindingregion. D.oneH-Linterchaindisulfidebond.5Positiveselectioninthethymusismediatedby:(A)A Thymic epithelial cells. BMacrophages. C Dendritic D B-cells.Type Ⅳhypersentivityisoftenreferredtoas: (B)Immediatehypersensitivity B.DelayedhypersensitivityC.Cytotoxichypersensitivity D.AllergichypersensitivityType Ⅱhypersentivityisoftenreferredtoas: (C)Immediatehypersensitivity B.DelayedhypersensitivityC.Cytotoxichypersensitivity D.AllergichypersensitivityNaiveBcellexpresses(C)IgAalone B.IgAandIgG CIgM+IgD D.IgEandIgTcell-derivedcytokines(D)areantigen-specificproductsofTcellactivationarestoredintherestingTcellandreleasedonactivationareMHC-restrictedintheireffectsinfluencetheclassofantibodiesproducedbyBcellNeutrophilsareattractedtoaninfectedareaby (C)A. IgM B.C1 C.C5a D.C8Complementlysescellsby (C)enzymaticdigestionofthecellmembraneactivationofadenylatecyclaseinsertionofcomplementproteinsintothecellmembraneinhibitionofelongationfactor2CD8isamarkerof ( C)Bcells B.Helper-Tcells C.cytotoxicTcell D.MφMHCclass Ⅱmoleculesarefoundon (B )Virtuallyallcellsinthebody B. Bcells,DCandM φC. Virtuallyallnucleatedcellsinthebody D.Onlyonvirally-infectedcells.AlloffollowingcytokinesaresecretedbyTh2cellsexcept (B )IL-4 B.IFN-γ C.IL-5 D.IL-6WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofCD4 +andCD8 +cellmarkers?(D)ThesearebothsurfaceglycoproteinsexpressedonT-cells.These serve to distinguish different types of T-cells, e.g., suppressorandcytotoxic,fromeachother.Thesearenotfoundassociatedwithimmunoglobulins.BothofthemarkersarepresentonALLT-cells.16.16. CellsbearingMHCclassIpluspeptidearetargetsforspecific:(B)A B-cells.B CytotoxicT-cells.C Th1cells.D Th2cells.Dendriticcellsarecharacterizedby: (D)Athepresenceofmajorbasicprotein BexpressionofCD3CexpressionofIgMmolecules DtheirinterfacebetweentheinnateandadaptiveimmunesystemWhichofthefollowinguniquelydistinguishestheT-cellreceptor(TCR)fromanantibody?(A)TheTCRcanbindanantigenfragmentonlyinatrimolecularcomplexwith either the class I or class II surface proteins of the histocompatibilitycomplexTheTCRcanfunctionasacellsurfaceantigenreceptorTheTCRiscomposedoftwodifferenttypesofpolypeptidechainsTheTCRiscapableofparticipatinginacytotoxicreaction.Acriticalpropertyofanantigenis (A)Itsabilitytostimulateanimmuneresponseauniquetopologicalfeaturecalledanparatopenotauniquetopologicalfeaturecalledanantigenicdeterminantthesizeofwhichisrelativelysmall20.Opsonizationofbacteriaoccursthroughcoatingbacteriajustwith:20.Opsonizationofbacteriaoccursthroughcoatingbacteriajustwith:(A)A C3bB C8C MembraneattackcomplexD IgM21.ThefollowingischaracteristicofB-butnotT-cells:(D)A Class I MHC. BCD3. C HIV virus receptor. D immunoglobulin.．Which of the following molecules is expressed on the surface matureCD4 +Tcells?(C)A.Bcellreceptor B.CD1d C.CD3 D.CD8．Thethymusisthesiteofinitialdifferentiationfor （D ）A. Bcells B.Erythrocytes C.Hematopieticstemcells D.TcellsThemembraneattackcomplexconsistsof: (C)A OH BC3b3b,Bb C C5b,6,7,8,9 D ProperdinType Ⅰhypersentivityisoftenreferredtoas: (A )A.Immediatehypersensitivity B.DelayedhypersensitivityC.Cytotoxichypersensitivity D.ImmunecomplexhypersensitivityType Ⅲhypersentivityisoftenreferredtoas: ( D)A.Immediatehypersensitivity B.DelayedhypersensitivityC.Cytotoxichypersensitivity D.ImmunecomplexhypersensitivityThetype Ⅰhypersentivityismediatedby: (D)A.IgA B.IgD C.IgG D.IgEThe cytokine which is most involved in the class switch to productionis: (D)A.IL-1 B.IL-2 C.TGFbeta D.IL-4Which type hypersensitivity is related to the mechanism of Arthusreaction: (C)A.Type Ⅰhypersentivity B.TypeⅡhypersentivityC.TypeⅢhypersentivity D.TypeⅣhypersentivityT-cellCD40LprovidesacostimulatorysignaltoB-cellsbyligating:(A)A CD40 B MHCclassII C CD28 D CD19 Which immunoglobulin can be transported through the placenta?(A)A.IgG B.IgM C.SecretoryIgA D.IgEWhichimmunoglobulinisthemostoneintheblood? (A)A.IgG B.IgM C.SecretoryIgA D.IgEWhichimmunoglobulincanmediatetheimmediatehypersensitivity?(D)A.IgG B.IgM C.SecretoryIgA D.IgEMoleculesdirectlyinvolvedinNKcellmediatedkillinginclude: (BA nitricoxide Bgranzyme Ccomplement D IFN-γImmunecomplexesconsistof (C)A.antibodypluscomplement B.basophilpluscomplementC.antigenplusantibody D.antigenpluscomplement36.36. ThemaincostimulatorysignalforactivationofrestingT-cellsisprovidedbyligationof:(A)A CD28B SurfaceIgC LFA-1D VLA-437. TheT-cellreceptorantigenrecognitionsignalistransducedby:(E)A TheTCRalphachain.BTheTCRbetachain.D CD2.ECD3.38. TheT-cellligandbindingB7onaprofessionalantigen-presentingcellis:AA CD28B CD2C LFA-1D ICAM-139. Secondaryantibodyresponsesarebetterbecause:(C)A TheyprovidedefenseagainstunrelatedantigensBB TheantibodycanbemadebybothTandBcellsC TheyarestrongerandfasterD TheydonotrequireT-cellhelp40.Whichcelltypeproducesantibodies?:(D)A MacrophagesB T-lymphocytesC NKD PlasmacellsIndicatewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.（10points=20 ）Ahaptencanstimulateantibodyformationbutcannotcombinewithantibodymolecules.( F)Boostershotsarerequiredbecauserepeatedexposuretoanantigenbuildsastrongerimmuneresponse. ( T)The Igβheterodimer and CD3 serve analogous functions in B-cellreceptorandT-cellreceptor,respectively.(T)Antigen-presenting cells express both class I and class II moleculesontheirmembranes.(T)Babies can acquire IgE-mediated allergies by passive tr