初中英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課thePassiveVoice一、什么是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)二、幾種常見(jiàn)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)三、什么時(shí)候用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？四、如何將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)該為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)五、什么情況下沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)六、哪些被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、什么是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)作的承受者做主語(yǔ)

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：

Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動(dòng))Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動(dòng))

漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：

助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。am/is/aredonewas/weredoneshall/willbedonehave/hasbeendonecan/may/must//should/oughttobedone一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)：

二、幾種常見(jiàn)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)三、什么情況下

用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by短語(yǔ)。

“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語(yǔ)。

TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.

3.當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用in+名詞作狀語(yǔ)，而代替by短語(yǔ)。

ThesecarsweremadeinChina.

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法（1）Myaunt

invited

me

toherdinnerparty.

主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)→

I

wasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.

主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.

四、Putthefollowingintopassivevoice：1.Icanfinishmyhomeworkeveryday.

Myhomeworkcanbefinished

bymeeveryday.2.Didtheybuymanyflowers？

Weremanyflowersbought

bythem？3.Hedoesn’toftenreadEnglish.

Englishisn’toftenread

byhim.4.Theytoldusnottogothere.

Weweretoldnottogotherebythem.

1.每天洗衣服。Clothesarewashedeveryday.2.別著急.這封信會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)寄給他的.

Don’tworry.Thelettercanbesenttohimontime.

3.這些嬰兒上周受到了很好的照顧。

Thebabieswerelookedafterwelllastweek.4.他們昨天拍了很多照片。Theytookmanyphotosyesterday.

Or:

Manyphotosweretakenbythemyesterday.5.Tom常開(kāi)他爸爸的小車。Tomoftendriveshisfather’scar.Or:

Hisfather’scarisoftendrivenbyTom1.在hear，see，watch，notice等“感觀”動(dòng)詞的后面和make，let等“使役”動(dòng)詞的后面作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但這種句子在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)加上to。（一聽(tīng)，二使，三看）(1).Isawhercomeintomyroom.

Shewasseen

tocomeintomyroombyme.(2).Hemademewritetheletterforhim.

Iwasmadetowritetheletterforhim.注意問(wèn)題2.若主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞是雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（如：give，pass，show等），變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只把其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)保留不動(dòng)，稱作保留賓語(yǔ)。若保留賓語(yǔ)是指人，前面要加上介詞“to”。eg：

Heshowedmehisphotos.

Iwasshownhisphotos.

OR:Hisphotoswereshowntome.Morewordsgive

sb

sth=give

sth.tosbshow

sb

sb

sth=show

sth.to

sbpass

sb

sb

sth=pass

sth.to

sbsend

sb

sb

sth=send

sth.to

sb

bring

sb

sb

sth=bring

sth.to

sbtell

sb

sb

sth=tell

sth.to

sb3.如主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞是雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如buy,make等，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只把其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)保留不動(dòng)，若保留的賓語(yǔ)是指人，前面要加上介詞for.e.gHeboughtmeapen.Apenwasboughtforme.或Iwasboughtapen

get

sb

sb

sth=getsth.for

sbbuy

sb

sb

sth=buy

sth.for

sbmake

sb

sb

sth=make

sth.for

sbmend

sb

sb

sth=mend

sth.for

sbcook

sb

sb

sth=cook

sth.for

sb4.只有及物動(dòng)詞才能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，注意不要丟掉詞組末尾的介詞或副詞。eg：Thedoctorlookedovertheoldwomancarefully.Theoldwomanwaslookedoverbythedoctorcarefully.歸納：三、如何將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1找主謂賓2將賓語(yǔ)提前3加上by和其他4原句是雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)，改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種（1）間賓/sb.做主語(yǔ)改法如123；（2）直賓/sth.做主語(yǔ)，sb.前加上to或for5不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式改寫被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，to要還原。一聽(tīng)，二看，三使。6.todo改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是tobedone.needtodohavetodooughttodoneedtobedonehavetobedoneoughttobedoneAttention!

五、什么情況下沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.

2.當(dāng)wash,read,sell,write,cook等詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)（well,easily,badly等）時(shí)

*Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.*Mypenwriteswell.*Thesenovelsdon'tsellwell.(Thebooksweresoldout.)*Themeatdoesn’t

cookeasily.(Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.)3.一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：happen，takeplace,last,have(有),appear,disappear,cost,comeout這本書已經(jīng)出版許多次了。

Thebookhasalreadycomeoutmanytimes(2)我家鄉(xiāng)已發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

Greatchangeshavealreadytakenplaceinmyhometown(3)會(huì)議持續(xù)了30分鐘。

Themeetinglastedfor30minutes.4.不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.

5.賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)，如：

ItaughtmyselfEnglish.誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.誤：Eachotherisloved.六、用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主動(dòng)意義的詞：belost(迷路),be/gethurt,(受傷)，bedressed(穿著)(1)我在那個(gè)陌生的地方迷路了。Iwaslostinthatstrangeplace.(…lostmyself…)(2)在地震中孫先生受傷很嚴(yán)重。MrSunwasbadlyhurtintheearthquake.(…h(huán)urthimself…)(3)穿戴好之后，斯密斯夫人從臥室走了出來(lái)。MrsSmithwentoutfromthebedroomaftershegotdressedChoosethebestanswer:1.Anewbook______mebyhimyesterday.A.isgiventoB.wasgivenC.wasgiventoD.gaveto2.Don’tworrry.Thejob______twohours.A.canbefinishedinB.wasfinishedforC.canfinishinD.canbefinishedafter3.Usuallytheclassroom______twiceaday,butnobody______thefloorthismorning.A.iscleaned,wassweptB.cleans,wassweptC.iscleaned,sweptD.iscleaned,sweeps4.I_______atfivethismorning,soIamverytirednow.A.waswakingB.waswokenC.wakeupD.waswokenupCACCD5.He_____me______therewithhimlastnigh.A.wasasked,togoB.asked,togoC.wasasked,goD.asked,go6.Theystayedhere______April.A.inB.sinceC.forD.on7.We_______apicniclastWednesday.A.toldtohaveB.weretoldtohaveC.weretoldhimtohaveD.weretoldtonothave8.Who_______thefoodonthetable,Tom?A.ateupB.waseatenupC.eatsupD.waseatingup9.Todaymanytreesarebeingcutinourcountry.Somoretrees_________.A.mustplantB.mustbeplantC.mustbeplantedA.mustbetoplantBBABCA10.______thehomework______thedayaftertomorrow?A.May,behandedinB.Maybe,handedinC.May,handinD.May,behanded11.Mypencil______thedaybeforeyesterday.A.foundB.wasfoundC.wasfoundedD.isfound12.Thescientisthasworkedonthemathsproblemforthreedayswithouthavingarest,sohe_______verytirednow.A.mustbeB.maybeC.canbeD.needbe13.Theworkers——————muchheavyworkeachday.A.madetodoB.weremadetodoC.weremadedoD.madehimtodo

AABAB1.Itwasquitehardforthedogtogo___________(通過(guò))thesmallhole.2.Look,what’s_____________(發(fā)生)overthere?3.Isawhimwalk___________(經(jīng)過(guò))theteachers’office.4.Iknowtheboy____________(叫)Mike.5.Theletterwas_____________(寫)tothemlastnight.Fillinthemissingwords:throughhappeningpastnamedwritten6.Newspapersare____________(看)everyday.7.Theballwas____________(扔)tohimandhecaughtit.8.Theyare______________(砍)downsometrees.9.MikeandTomwanttobe________(士兵)inthefuture.10.Thebookcanbe_____________(借)foraweek.11.Werethey_______(用于)for__________(保持)warm?readthrowncuttingsoldierskeptusedkeeping1.Hewastoldmetogothereatonce.2.Theboywasseencameintotheoffice3.Theoldcanbetakengoodcareinourcountry.4.IsthekindofcarmakebyShanghai?CorrectionCorrectionCo