ChapterTwelve

ComplaintsandClaimsComplaintmayhappenunderthefollowingcircumstances國際貿(mào)易業(yè)務中投訴可能發(fā)生在下面這些情況中:

plaintofdifferencebetweengoodsdeliveredandgoodsordered,

plaintofinferiorqualityor

plaintofmissingorshortagefromthedelivery,or

plaintofdelay,or

plaintofbadpackingItisalmostatruismtostatethat

arbitration仲裁isbetterthanlitigation訴訟,

conciliation調(diào)解betterthanarbitration,

andpreventionoflegaldisputesbetterthanconciliation.國際貿(mào)易業(yè)務術語

Arbitration

Uponmutualagreementbetweenthetwopartiesconcerned,adisputemaybesolvedbytheimpartialdecisionofathirdparty.Thisiscalledarbitration,whichhastwocharacteristics:

1.Anagreementmustbereachedbetweenthetwopartiesonsolvingthedisputethrougharbitration.

2.Therulingofarbitrationisingeneralfinal.Thatis,thearbitratortowhomthetwopartieshaveagreedtoresortshallmakethefinalaward.Theinterestedpartiescannotrefusetherulingorappealtothecourt(unlesstheycanprovewithfactsthatthearbitrationisagainstthelaworthearbitratorhasactedunfairly).國際貿(mào)易業(yè)務術語

Conciliation

Uponagreementbetweenthepartiesinvolvedinadispute,athirdpartymaybeinvitedtointerfere.Thedifferencebetweenconciliationandarbitrationisthattheawardofarbitrationisfinalandcompulsorywhereasopinionsoftheconciliatorareonlyforthereferenceofthetwosides,andnotcompulsory.

國際貿(mào)易業(yè)務術語

Litigation

Oneofthepartiesconcernedmayreferadisputetothecourtwhichwillmakeajudgmentaccordingtothelaw.Thisiswhatpeoplecall“goingthroughthecourt’.thedifferenceoflitigationfromarbitrationisthattheplaintiff/complainant原告/申述人maytakeunilateralactionwithoutagreementbetweenthetwopartiesinadvance.LetterOne

短語：

blamesbforsth…/blamefor(因某事而)責怪某人

blamesthonsb/blameon把...推在某人身上

Sheblamedhimforthefailureoftheirmarriage.

Sheblamedthefailureoftheirmarriageonhim.

句型：有關“索賠”的句型

lodge/file/raise/enter/make/putin/register

aclaimagainstsb/withinsurancecompanyonshipmentforreasonfor$

BuyershavelodgedaclaimonthisshipmentforRMB

￥1500for(ontheamountof)shortweight.

關鍵詞：claim

n.要求，要求權，主張，斷言，聲稱，要求物;

vt.要求，請求，主張，聲稱，斷言;

vi.提出要求，提出索賠

OurclaimonyourL/CNo.84hasnotbeenpaid.

Thefirmclaimstobewellplacedforpromotingthesalesofyourproduct.

Ourcustomerclaims8preductionperlbonthe85balesofGoathairshippedbyM/V“Star”.

Ourusershaveclaimeduponusforinferiorquality.辨析：動詞acclaim,reclaim,declaim,proclaim,disclaim,和exclaimacclaim喝彩,歡呼

Itwasacclaimedasagreatdiscovery.

Theyacclaimedhimking.

reclaim要求歸還,收回,開墾

ForeignMinistryspokesmanChenJianevensuggestedatimetableofsorts,sayingthatafterChinareclaimsHKin1997andMacaoin1999,TaiwanwillbehighontheagendaoftheChinesepeople.

declaim巧辯,演講,高聲朗讀

Apreacherstooddeclaiminginthetowncenter.

proclaim宣布,聲明,顯示,顯露

HisaccentproclaimedhimaScot.=Hisaccentwillgivehimaway.

proclaimapublicholiday

disclaim放棄,棄權,拒絕

Shedisclaimedownershipofthevehicle.

exclaim呼喊,驚叫,大聲叫

Heexclaimedthatitwasuntrue.

關鍵詞：blame

blamevt.責備，把...歸咎于；n.責備，過失

一般用blamesb(for...)，但在習慣用法betoblame中

表示被動意義：

Heistoblame.他應該受責備。blame不用被動語態(tài)。

Heistoblamefortheaccident.他應在事故中負責。

Whoistheblame?

誰對這事負責？

LetterTwo

短語：

inadamagedcondition處于受損狀態(tài)

inarustycondition處于生銹狀態(tài)

inamouldy/moldycondition處于發(fā)霉狀態(tài)

Breadleftinapackagetoolonggetsmouldy/moldy.面包放到袋子里時間太長要發(fā)霉的。

Yourclothesmaymildew.你的衣服有霉點了（長毛）。

Yourfoodmayspoil.食物變餿了。關鍵詞bearvt.

負責，承擔

ExtraexpensesaretobebornebyPartyB.

Youwillhavetobeartheresponsibility.

帶有，具有，表明

Eachpackageistobeartheshippingmark.

承受，經(jīng)得起，耐得住

Ourproductsbearstests.

LessonThree

辨析：except和besides

exceptA=withoutA

besidesA=withA

AllmyfriendsexceptJennywenttotherally(Jennyisexcluded).

HegetsupearlyeverydayexceptSunday(Sundayisexcluded).

Nobodywaslateexceptme.(OnlyImyselfwaslate,theothersarepunctual.)

Ihavefiveotherbooksbesidesthis(totally6books).

Ihavetwohatsbesidesthis.(totally3hats)

Fiveotherswerelatebesidesme.(Sixwerelate)except(+pron.asobject)

Nobodyfeltanxiousexcepthim.

Youcannotachieveanythingexceptbyworkinghard.

exceptfor只是=apartfrom,asidefrom

Youressayisgoodexceptforthespelling.

Thecarpetisgoodexceptforitsprice.

exceptthat除……外，只是

Sheknowsnothingabouthisjourneyexceptthathewaslikelytobeawayforthreemonths.

Hisaccountiscorrectexceptthatsomedetailsareomitted.

exceptdo(‘to’isomitted)

Icouldnotdoanythingexceptjustwaitforhimtocomeround.

Theydidnothingexceptcriticizethenewpolicies.LetterFour

辨析：reading和reader

readingn.讀本；讀物

heavy/lightreading學習/消遣讀物

readern.閱讀材料；讀物；讀本

OpenyourGermanreadersatpage28.把德語課本翻到第28頁。

國際貿(mào)易業(yè)務術語Surveyreport檢驗證書Surveyreportonexaminationofdamageorshortage檢驗殘損證明書Surveyreportoninspectionoftankhold船艙檢驗證明書Surveyreporton