托福寫作素材集錦（二類話NorwayhasthehigheststandardoflivingintheworldandNigerthelowest,accordingtotheUN'sHumanDevelopmentIndex.Theindextakesintoaccountlifeexpectancyandeducationaswellas eper .SouthAfrica'sAIDSepidemichasleftitin120thplaceintherankings,despiteitsrelativelyhigh e.Thecountryhasfallen35placessince1990.HDIhumandevelopmentNigerisonceagaininthegripofafoodcrisis,ifnotafull-blownfamine.Thedistresssalesoflivestock,theheavymigrationandthedeprivationthecountrysufferedintheearly1970shaveallrevisiteditagainthisyear.Nigeris,bythereckoningoftheUN’sHumanDevelopmentIndex,thepoorestplaceonearth.Mostofitsinhabitantsekeoutalivinggrowingsubsistencecropsonsmallplotsofdusty,infertileland.Despitethisagriculturalbias,thedrought-strickencountrycannotfeeditself,eveningoodyears.Anestimated2.5mpeopleoutofatotalof17mhavenosecuresourceoffood.Whenharvestsfail,whichtheydoalmostannually,thatnumbershootsup.In2012,whentheworstoftherecentfoodcrisesravagedtheSahelregion,almostaquarterofNiger’spopulationwassaidtobegoinghungry,hegripof就是被控制的意思，現(xiàn)在整個(gè)國(guó)家都在被饑荒虐了，家畜不生計(jì)。ekeoutaliving就是勉強(qiáng)度日的意思，用來(lái)形容保守貧窮折磨的人們?cè)俸鲜澄铩?7oo萬(wàn)人口中就有250萬(wàn)人沒(méi)有固定的食物來(lái)源啊，也就是說(shuō)這些人吃了上頓沒(méi)有下頓。那么在災(zāi)年的時(shí)候，這個(gè)沒(méi)飯吃的人就了。這可謂是饑餓肆虐。foodcrisesravagedtheSahelregion...ravage就是表達(dá)蹂躪，毀壞的意思，那我們這個(gè)用法就可以總結(jié)成：+ravage+地區(qū)。HAOWAwasalreadystrugglingtofeedfivechildrenbeforeshegavebirthtotripletsintheGabiregionofsouthernNiger19monthsago.Now,whenherbabiesscreamforfoodsheoftenfindsherselfhelpless.“IftheycryandIhavenothingtogivethem,thenImustletthemcry,”shesays,cradlingtwoinfantswhobearthehallmarksofmalnutrition.Theirhairisyellowing,theirbelliesaredistendedandtheirexpressionsglazed.Theylacktheenergytoshakethefliesfromtheirfaces.ItisadismalbutdepressinglycommonpictureinwestAfrica’slargestcountry.這位又生了三個(gè)孩子，這不就是addsaltontheinjuries,雪上加霜Thisperpetualfoodcrisisiscompoundedbydoggedlyhighfertilityrates.Withanaverageof7.6childrenperwoman,Nigerhastheworld’shighestrates.Poverty,ignoranceandpooraccesstocontraceptionarecontributingfactors,asareculturalissueslikecompetitionbetweenwives.MeninNigertendtobepolygamous,andlocaldoctorsnotethattheirspousesoftentrytoprovetheirvaluebyoutngeachotherinchildbirths.ThiscontributestoNigerhavingthehighestpopulationgrowthrateonearth.Atcurrentprojections,thenumberofinhabitantswillmorethantriplebetweennowand2050to55m.居高不下的人口出生率也是導(dǎo)致漫長(zhǎng)饑荒的重要因素。doggedly表示頑強(qiáng)地，那么doggedlyhigh就是指居高不下的。平均每個(gè)女人生7.6個(gè)孩子來(lái)證明自己的價(jià)值，按照這個(gè)速度發(fā)展，到2050年的人口就會(huì)增長(zhǎng)到5500萬(wàn)。Whenwethinkaboutthosepoverty-strickencountries,aimageofpeoplelivinginadestituteanddismallifefloodsintoourmind.Therearemyriadsofexamplesavailablegloballywhichcanshedlightonthefactthatthemiserablelifemakespeoplesufferdeeply.Nigeris,bythereckoningoftheUN’sHumanDevelopmentIndex,thepoorestplaceonearth,onceagaininthegripofafoodcrisis.Mostofitsinhabitantsekeoutalivinggrowingsubsistencecropsonsmallplotsofdustyandinfertileland,asaresultofwhich,thedrought-riddencountrycannotfeeditselfeveningoodyears,precipitatingthefaminetocyclopeandimensions.Moreover,thisperpetualfoodcrisisisalsocompoundedbydoggedlyhighfertilityratesowingtothelocalculturalmakingwomenendeavortoprovethemselvesbyoutngeachotherinchildbirths.Thisgloomylivingsituationcanbebestportrayedbythedepressinglycommonpicture.Theinfants,alltoooften,bearthehallmarksofmalnutrition.Theirhairisyellowing;theirbelliesaredistended;theirexpressionsareglazedandtheyevenlacktheenergytoshakethefliesfromtheirfaces.Asaresult,theirdeathisbrewing.Undersuchcircumstances,innowayshouldthelocalernmentcloseitseyestothepliantofitspeopleinsomuchasnothingcanbeachievedunlesstheernmentrelievethesparsefoods.Itisasurebetthatthereisnobetterwaytoaugmentpeople’sconditionforthosebackwardcountriesthantobeboundupinpractical托福寫作話題材料：類滿分素材重要表inthegripofekeoutalivingfoodcrisisbearthehallmark呈現(xiàn)特征becompoundedby雪上加霜polygamous一夫多妻的poverty-stricken貧困的destitute貧困的myriadsofdrought-riddencloseitseyesto環(huán)境類話Beijingisregularlyhitbyextendedboutsofchoking,acridsmog,withheavyindustriesandcar-usebothamongthekeyculprits.befaced被“extendedboutsofchoking,acridsmog了，那這影響還能不惡劣嗎?而導(dǎo)致的罪魁禍?zhǔn)拙褪侵毓I(yè)和汽車。等等，罪魁禍?zhǔn)自趺凑f(shuō)?當(dāng)當(dāng)當(dāng)當(dāng)，”keyculprits”瞬間上了一個(gè)檔次有木有?Beijingwillbantheconsumptionofhigh-pollutingfuelsindowntownareasby2020,themunicipalenvironmentalprotectionauthoritysaid.high-pollutingfuels是指“高污染燃料”。高污染的范圍包括coal,fueloil,petroleumcoke,combustiblewaste,biomassfuels(煤炭、油、石油焦炭、可燃廢棄物、生物質(zhì))等。這些燃止燃燒”怎么說(shuō)的來(lái)著?人家用的可不是donotburn，看好了，里說(shuō)的是bantheconsumptionof。看到這里真是對(duì)的明天充滿希望啊，終于可以看見(jiàn)不戴的啦，趕緊潔能源(cleanenergy)Cleanenergyisalsoexpectedtobepromotedinthecapital,sothatby2017,accordingtoagoalsetbythemunicipalernment,cleanenergysourceswillaccountforatleast90percentofallenergyconsumption.里明確說(shuō)了，在201790%。這可是一個(gè)真真切切的數(shù)據(jù)啊。備用~~類似的，咱們?cè)賮?lái)看看的另一則TheStateCouncilonMondayissuedaguidelinetopromotenewenergyvehicles.ConsumerswillenjoytaxcutstobuynewenergyvehiclesfromSept.1,2014toDec.31,2017,itsaid.Thenewpolicieswillenergizethemarketandboostthehealthydevelopmentofthesector.說(shuō)了，能使市場(chǎng)煥發(fā)，促進(jìn)健康發(fā)展。像enjoytaxcut，energizethemarket呢?來(lái)看看我們?nèi)绾巫龅健４浠▇上考題：TheenvironmentalissueistoocomplextobehandledbytheTopickBeijingasanexample,sufferingfromtheextendedboutsofchoking,acridsmog,avastnumberofresidentshavebeendiagnosedwithrespiratorydiseaseswhicharedetrimentaltotheirhealth.Inordertoshieldthemselvesfromthehazardousgases,citizensareimpelledtowearmaskswhentravelingoutside.Additionally,therateoftrafficaccidentshasascendedtosomeextentduetothepoorvisibilitytriggeredbytheserioushaze.Henceitistimethaternmentshouldinvestmoneyincowiththeairpollution-thekeyculpritofrespiratorydiseasesandothermisfortunes.Ononehand,aneffectivesolutionwouldbebanningtheconsumptionofhigh-pollutingfuelssuchascoalandoilonthegroundthattheygeneratecopi