專題（十）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)第二篇語(yǔ)法專題突破|動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)|考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞的各種形式1.動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、現(xiàn)在分詞類(lèi)別構(gòu)成例詞動(dòng)詞原形

沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)任何變形,也就是詞

典中給出的一般形式be,have,do,learn第三人稱單數(shù)形式

一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加-srun→runs,like→likes

以ch,sh,s,o,x結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后

加-esteach→teaches,wash→washes,go→goes,pass→passes,

fix→fixes

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先

將y變?yōu)閕,再加-esstudy→studies,carry→carries類(lèi)別構(gòu)成例詞現(xiàn)在分詞

在動(dòng)詞后加-ingread→reading,cook→cooking

以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)

詞,去掉e再加-inglive→living,write→writing

以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,

末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),

雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母后再加-ingsit→sitting,shop→shopping,begin→beginning

少數(shù)幾個(gè)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要

變ie為y,再加-ingdie→dying,lie→lying,tie→tying2.動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成變化情況規(guī)則例詞規(guī)則變化在動(dòng)詞原形后加-edwork→worked→worked,stay→stayed→stayed以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先將y變?yōu)閕再加-edcarry→carried→carried,study→studied→studied以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,直接加-dlive→lived→lived,close→closed→closed以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾而末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母后再加-edstop→stopped→stopped,plan→planned→planned變化情況規(guī)則例詞不規(guī)則變化AAA型(即原形、過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞三式同型)cut→cut→cut,put→put→put,let→let→letABB型(即過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞同型)think→thought→thought,teach→taught→taughtABC型(即原形、過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞不同型)do→did→done,go→went→goneABA型(即原形與過(guò)去分詞同型)come→came→come,run→ran→run時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見(jiàn)標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)表示經(jīng)常性、

習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作(2)表示現(xiàn)在的

狀態(tài)、特征或真

理(3)在時(shí)間、條

件狀語(yǔ)從句中,

常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

代替將來(lái)時(shí)(1)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形(2)主語(yǔ)(第三人稱

單數(shù))+動(dòng)詞(第三

人稱單數(shù))(3)主語(yǔ)+am/is/

are+其他often,usually,

sometimes,everyday(week/month/year…),once

aweek等Hegoestoschooleveryday.

他每天都去上學(xué)。

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。

Ifsheisfree,shewillcometoseemetomorrow.

如果她明天有空就會(huì)來(lái)看我?？键c(diǎn)二常見(jiàn)6種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見(jiàn)標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)例句一般過(guò)去時(shí)(1)表示過(guò)去某

時(shí)發(fā)生的事(2)表示過(guò)去存

在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)去

反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(1)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去

式(2)主語(yǔ)+was/were+其他yesterday,lastyear(week/night

/month),threeyearsago,in2015,justnow等Heworkedinafactory

in2015.他2015年在一家工廠工作。時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見(jiàn)標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)例句一般將來(lái)時(shí)(1)表示將來(lái)

的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(2)表示即將

發(fā)生的或最近

打算做的事(3)表示按計(jì)

劃即將發(fā)生的

動(dòng)作(1)主語(yǔ)+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形

(2)主語(yǔ)+begoingto+動(dòng)詞

原形(3)go,come,start,move,leave等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)

[注意]therebe句型的一般將

來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為T(mén)herewillbe/Thereis/aregoingtobetomorrow,nextweek(year/month),in+時(shí)間段,in2025等Wewillhaveapartytomorrow.

明天我們將有個(gè)聚會(huì)。I'mleavingforBeijing.我將要?jiǎng)由砣ケ本herewillbeameetingtomorrow.明天將有一個(gè)會(huì)議。時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見(jiàn)標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)刻或

現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行

的動(dòng)作主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞now,look,listen,thesedays,atthemoment等Look!Theyareplayingfootball.看!他們正在踢足球。I'mdoingmyhomeworknow.現(xiàn)在我正在做我的家庭作業(yè)。時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見(jiàn)標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)例句過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)

刻、某一階段正

在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作主語(yǔ)+was/were+

現(xiàn)在分詞atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,at…o'clockyesterdayevening等IwaswatchingTVat8:00yesterdayevening.

昨天晚上八點(diǎn)我正在看電視。

HewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候,他正在看小說(shuō)。時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見(jiàn)標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)例句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

(1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果(2)表示動(dòng)作開(kāi)

始于過(guò)去,持續(xù)

到現(xiàn)在并可能

繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞just,ever,yet,already,sofar,inthepast5years,for和since引

導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)HehasbeentoBeijing.

他去過(guò)北京。

HehasstudiedEnglishfor5years.他學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)五年了。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.

我已經(jīng)完成了我的作業(yè)。Theyhavebeenmarriedfor30years.他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚三十年了。時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見(jiàn)標(biāo)志例句過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某

一時(shí)刻來(lái)看將要

發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常

用于主句是一般

過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從

句中(1)would+動(dòng)

詞原形(2)was/were+goingto+

動(dòng)詞原形判斷過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一

定要有一個(gè)用于表

示“過(guò)去”的參照

物。這個(gè)參照物往

往不是時(shí)間,而是一

個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)

作。Hisunclesaidthattherewouldbeagoodharvestthenextyear.他叔叔說(shuō)第二年會(huì)有個(gè)

好收成。[拓展]

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí)[了解]時(shí)態(tài)用法構(gòu)成常見(jiàn)標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)例句過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的某一

時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)發(fā)

生的動(dòng)作或存在

的狀態(tài),也就是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”had+過(guò)去分詞by,before短語(yǔ)

或when,before,after,until等引

導(dǎo)的從句作為時(shí)

間狀語(yǔ)MyteachersaidshehadneverbeentoLondon.我的老師說(shuō)她從來(lái)沒(méi)去過(guò)倫敦。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.當(dāng)警察

到達(dá)時(shí),小偷已經(jīng)逃跑了。[注意]

短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段連用或用于howlong提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句中時(shí),要轉(zhuǎn)換成對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,常見(jiàn)的短暫性動(dòng)詞及其轉(zhuǎn)換如下：arrive→behere

begin/start→beon

die→bedead

leave→beaway goout→beout finish/end→beovergetup→beup puton→wear/beon open→beopen join→bein/beamemberof close→beclosed borrow→keep buy/get→have catch(acold)→have(acold)marry→bemarried fallill/sick/asleep→beill/sick/asleep|動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)|考點(diǎn)一被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”。與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一樣,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也有各種時(shí)態(tài)變化,列表如下(以動(dòng)詞do為例)：時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+done一般過(guò)去時(shí)didwas/were+done一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/be(am/is/are)goingto+dowill/be(am/is/are)goingto+be+done（續(xù)表）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（了解）have/hasdonehave/hasbeen+done含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（了解）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done[注意](1)帶雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為用其直接賓語(yǔ)(物)作主語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),間接賓語(yǔ)(人)前必須加介詞to或for。Myfatherboughtmeacomputer.→Acomputerwasboughtformebymyfather.我父親給我買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)電腦。(2)有些感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞(hear,see,watch,notice,make,have等)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中作謂語(yǔ)時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后的動(dòng)詞不定式省略to,但變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),必須將to還原。Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.→Theworkersweremadetowork12hoursadaybytheboss.老板讓工人們一天工作12個(gè)小時(shí)。(3)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法考點(diǎn)二被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1.不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.中國(guó)南方種水稻。2.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者,而不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越來(lái)越多的人講漢語(yǔ)。3.動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是某個(gè)事物。Manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.在洪水中許多房子被沖走了。4.固定句型中常用的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：It'ssaidthat…(據(jù)說(shuō)……),It'sreportedthat…(據(jù)報(bào)道……),It'swell-knownthat…(眾所周知……)等。考點(diǎn)三主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義1.look,smell,feel,taste等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。Theclothfeelssoft.這布摸起來(lái)很軟。Thecaketastesdelicious.

這蛋糕嘗起來(lái)很美味。2.need/require/want+doingsth.意為“……需要……”。Thedoorneedsrepairing.

這門(mén)需要修理。Thewindowwantscleaning.

這窗戶需要清潔。3.某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他。該結(jié)構(gòu)為主動(dòng)形式,可表被動(dòng)意義。Thesebookssellwell.這些書(shū)賣(mài)得很好。Theshopopenseveryday.這家店每天都營(yíng)業(yè)。4.不及物動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),如：happen,takeplace,comeout,cometrue,runout等。Atrafficaccidenthappenedlastnight.昨晚發(fā)生了一起交通事故。Ifyouworkhard,yourdreamwillcometrue.如果你努力工作,你的夢(mèng)想就會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。對(duì)接中考專練語(yǔ)法專題訓(xùn)練1.China'shigh-speedrailways

from9,000to29,000kilometresinthepastfewyears.

A.aregrowing B.weregrowingC.willgrow D.havegrown2.LindawasbusywhenIwenttoseeheryesterday.She

foranexam.

A.willstudy B.wasstudyingC.hasstudied D.isstudyingDB對(duì)接中考專練語(yǔ)法專題訓(xùn)練3.ThehousebelongstoMrSmith,buthe

hereanymore.

A.hasn'tlived B.didn'tlive C.wasn'tliving D.doesn'tlive4.IlearnttoswimwhenIwassix.I

bymymother.

A.amtaught B.wastaughtC.willbetaught D.havetaught5.Thelatestmobilephone

inChina.

A.willmake B.hasmadeC.ismaking D.ismadeDBD對(duì)接中考專練語(yǔ)法專題訓(xùn)練6.Thematch

becauseofthebadweather.Whatapity!

A.willcancel B.hascancelledC.wascancelled D.iscancelling7.Anewinternationalairport

inthecitynextyear.

A.willcomplete B.iscompletedC.willbecompleted D.completesCC對(duì)接中考專練語(yǔ)法專題訓(xùn)練8.He

fordevotinghislifetimetohelpingpeopleinneed.

A.haspraised B.waspraisedC.praised D.waspraising9.—Hownoisyitisoutside!—Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Myneighbours

theirhouses.

A.havedecorated B.weredecoratingC.aredecorating D.willdecorateBC對(duì)接中考專練語(yǔ)法專題訓(xùn)練10.Thepolicemanwillgobacktothepolicestationassoonashe

thatthief.

A.catch B.catches C.willcatch D.caught11.Millie

apicturewhenMrGreencamein.

A.draw B.willdraw C.drew D.wasdrawing12.ThebookAlice

In

Wonderlandisveryinteresting.I

ittwicealready.

A.read B.haveread C.amreading D.willread13.MrGreen

London,buthewillcomebackintwodays.

A.hasbeento B.hasgoneto C.goesto D.leavesBDBB對(duì)接中考專練語(yǔ)法專題訓(xùn)練14.MrSmith'stalkongoodmannersisquitewonderful.TheonlypityisthatI

thefirstfewminutes.

A.miss B.willmissC.wasmissing D.missed15.—Mom,myclassmat