2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料2023年最新整理——考試真題資料PAGEPAGE10機(jī)密*啟用前大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandSix—(2022年9月第2套)試題冊(cè)（含參考答案）PartIWritingPartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheathofthemindistheonlytrueYoushouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIPartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)2022911套題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。PartIIIPartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itwasperhapswhenmyparents—whoalsohappentobemyhousemates—lefttogotravellingforaofmonthsrecentlythatit26onmewhyIhadnotyetleftthefamilyhome.Itwasn'tthatIreliedonthemfor27reasons,ortokeepmylifeinorder,ortoeasethechaosofthehome.Thesedays,Irelyonthemfortheircompany.Imissedcominghomeandtalkingaboutmydayatwork,andImissedbeingabletoreadtheirfacessensehowtheirdaywas.Imissedhavingunique28intotinydetailsthatmakealife.Whiletheconversationaboutyoungadultsstayinglongerathomeis29bytalkoflaziness,ofdependence,aninabilityforyoungpeopletopullthemselvestogether,30dowetalkoftheway,inmycaseatleast,myrelationshipwithmyparentshas31strengthenedthelongerwehavelivedtogether.Overtheyearsthepowerdynamichaschangedandisnolongerdefinedbyonebeingthegiverandanother,thetaker.So,whatdoesthissayforourrelationshipswithinthefamilyhome?AccordingtopsychologistSabinaRead,thereare“someverypositivepossible32whenadultchildrenthefamilynotingthe“parent-childrelationshipmayindeedstrengthenandintheprocess.But,shenotes,astrong33doesn'tsimplycomewithtime. “Themanychangingfactorsoftherelationshipneedtobeacknowledged,ratherthanhopingthatthemerepassageoftimewill34connectparentstotheiradultchildren.It'simportanttoacknowledgethattherelationshipparametershavechangedtoavoidfallingbackintofromtheteenyears.bondbondcontemplateddawnedhierarchyinsightlegislativeleveragelogisticalexclusivelymagicallyoutcomespatternsrarelysaturatedstereotypesundoubtedlySectionBthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowTelemedicineIsTransformingHealthcareAfteryearsofbigpromises,telemedicineisfinallylivinguptoitspotential.Drivenbyfasterinternetconnections,ubiquitous(smartphonesandchanginginsurancestandards,morehealthprovidersareturningtoelectroniccommunicationstodotheirit'sdramaticallychangingthedeliveryofhealthcare.Doctorsarelinkingupwithpatientsbyphone,emailandwebcam(They’realsoconsultingwitheachotherelectronically—sometimestomakesplitseconddecisionsonheartattacksandstrokes.Patients,meanwhile,areusingnewdevicestorelaytheirbloodpressure,heartrateandothervitalsignstotheirdoctorssotheycanmanagechronicconditionsathome.Telemedicinealsoallowsforbettercareinplaceswheremedicalexpertiseishardtocomeby.Fiveto10timesaday,DoctorsWithoutBordersrelaysquestionsabouttoughcasesfromitsphysiciansinNiger,SouthSudanandelsewheretoitsnetworkof280expertsaroundtheworld,andbackagainviainternet.Asameasureofhowrapidlytelemedicineisspreading,consider:Morethan15millionAmericansreceivedsomekindofmedicalcareremotelylastyear,accordingtotheAmericanTelemedicineAssociation,atradewhichexpectsthosenumberstogrowby30%thisyear.Noneofthisistosaythattelemedicinehasfounditswayintoallcomersofmedicine.Arecentsurveyof500tech-savvy(精通技術(shù)的consumersfoundthat39%hadn’theardoftelemedicine,andofthosewhohaven’tit,42%saidtheypreferredin-persondoctorvisits.Inapollof1500familyphysicians,only15%haduseditintheirpractices—but90%saidtheywouldifitwereappropriately補(bǔ)償What'smore,foralltherapidgrowth,significantquestionsandchallengesremain.Rulesdefiningregulatingtelemedicinedifferwidelyfromstatetostate.Physiciansgroupsareissuingdifferentguidelinesaboutwhatcaretheyconsiderappropriatetodeliverandinwhatform.Somecriticsalsoquestionwhetherthequalityofcareiskeepingupwiththerapidexpansionoftelemedicine.Andthere'sthequestionofwhatservicesphysiciansshouldbepaidfor:Insurancecoveragevariesfromhealthplantohealthplan,andabigfederalplancoversonlyanarrowrangeofservices.Telemedicine'sfuturewilldependonhow—andwhether—regulators,providers,payersandpatientscanaddressthesechallenges.Here'sacloserlookatsomeoftheseissues:Dopatientstradequalityforconvenience?Thefastest-growingservicesintelemedicineconnectconsumerswithcliniciansthey'venevermetforaphone,videooremailvisit—on-demand,24/7.Typically,thesearefornonemergencyissuessuchascolds,flu,ear-achesandskinrashes,andtheycostaround$45,comparedwithapproximately$100atadoctor'soffice,$160atanurgent-careclinicor$750andupatanemergencyroom.Manyhealthplansandemployershaverushedtooffertheservicesandpromotethemasaconvenientwayforplanmemberstogetmedicalcarewithoutleavinghomeorwork.Nearlythree-quartersoflargeemployerswilloffervirtualdoctorvisitsasabenefittoemployeesthisyear,upfrom48%lastyear.WebcompaniessuchasTeldocandAmericanWellareexpectedtohostsome1.2millionsuchvirtualdoctorvisitsthisyear,up20%fromlastyear,accordingtotheAmericanTelemedicineAssociation.Butcriticsworrythatsuchservicesmaybesacrificingqualityforconvenience.Consultingarandomdoctorpatientswillnevermeet,theysay,furtherfragmentsthehealth-caresystem,andevenminorissuessuchasupperrespiratory(上呼吸道的infectionscan’tbethoroughlyevaluatedbyadoctorwhocan’tlistentoyourheartorfeelyourswollenglands.Inarecentstudy,researchersposingaspatientswithskinproblemssoughthelpfrom16telemedicinesites—withunsettlingresults.In62encounters,fewerthanone-thirddisclosedclinicians'credentialorletpatientschoose;only32%discussedpotentialsideeffectsofprescribedmedications.Severalsitesmisdiagnosedseriousconditions,largelybecausetheyfailedtoaskbasicfollow-upquestions,theresearchers“Telemedicineholdsenormouspromise,butthesesitesarejustnotreadyforprimetime,saysJackResneck,thestudy'sleadauthor.TheAmericanTelemedicineAssociationandotherorganizationshavestartedaccreditation(鑒定)programstoidentifytop-qualitytelemedicinesites.TheAmericanMedicalAssociationthismonthapprovednewethicalguidelinesfortelemedicine,callingforparticipatingdoctorstorecognizethelimitationsofsuchservicesensurethattheyhavesufficientinformationtomakeclinicalrecommendations.Whopaysfortheservices?Whileemployersandhealthplanshavebeeneagertocovervirtualurgent-carevisits,insurershavebeenfarlesswillingtopayfortelemedicinewhendoctorsusephone,emailorvideotoconsultwithexistingpatientsaboutcontinuingissues.“It'sveryhardtogetpaidunlessyouphysicallyseethepatient,”saysPeterRasmussen,medicaldirectorofdistancehealthattheClevelandClinic.Some32stateshavepassed“parity”(等同的)lawsrequiringprivateinsurerstoreimbursedoctorsforservicesdeliveredremotelyifsameservicewouldbecoveredinperson,thoughnotnecessarilyat thesamerateorfrequency.Medicarelagsfurtherbehind.Thefederalhealthplanfortheelderlycoversasmallnumberoftelemedicineservices —onlyforbeneficiariesinruralareasandonlywhentheservicesarereceivedinahospital,doctor'sofficeorclinic.BillstoexpandMedicarecoverageoftelemedicinehavebipartisan( 兩黨的supportinCongress.Opponentsworrythatsuchexpansionwouldbecostlyfortaxpayers,butadvocatessayitwouldsavemoneyinthelongrun.Expertssaymorehospitalsarelikelytoinvestintelemedicinesystemsastheymoveawayfromfee-for-servicepaymentsandintomanaged-care-typecontractsthatgivethemasetfeetoprovidecareforandallowthemtokeepanysavingstheyachieve.Isthestate-by-stateregulatorysystemoutdated?Historically,regulationofmedicinehasbeenlefttoindividualstates.Butsomeindustrymemberscontendthathaving50differentsetsofrules,licensingfeesandevendefinitionsof“medicalpractice"makeslesssenseintheeraoftelemedicineandishamperingitsgrowth.Currently,doctorsmusthaveavalidlicenseinthestatewherethepatientislocatedtoprovidemedicalcare,whichmeansvirtual-visitcompaniescanmatchusersonlywithlocallylicensedclinicians.Italsocausesadministrativehassles(麻煩forworld-classmedicalcentersthatattractpatientsfromacrossthecountry.AttheMayoClinic,doctorswhotreatout-of-statepatientscanfollowupwiththemviaphone,emailorwebchatswhentheyreturnhome,buttheycanonlydiscusstheconditionstheytreatedinperson.“Ifthepatientwantstotalkaboutanewproblem,thedoctorhastobelicensedinthatstatetodiscussit.Ifnot,thepatientshouldtalktohisprimary-carephysicianaboutsaysSteveOmmen,whorunsMayo'sConnectedCareprogram.Todate,17stateshavejoinedacompactthatwillallowadoctorlicensedinonememberstatetoquicklyobtainalicenseinanother.Whilewelcomingthemove,sometelemedicineadvocateswouldpreferstatestoautomaticallyhonoroneanother'slicenses,astheydowithdrivers'licenses.Butstatesaren’tlikelytosurrendercontrolofmedicalpractice,andmostareconsideringnewregulations.Thisyear,morethan200telemedicine-relatedbillshavebeenintroducedin42states,manyregardingwhatservicesMedicaidwillcoverandwhetherpayersshouldreimburseforremotepatientmonitoring.“Alotofstatesarestilltryingtodefinetelemedicine,”saysLisaRobbin,chiefadvocacyofficerfortheFederationofStateMedicalBoards.Anoverwhelmingmajorityoffamilyphysiciansarewillingtousetelemedicineiftheyaredulypaid.Manyemployersareeagertoprovidetelemedicineserviceasabenefittotheiremployeesbecauseofitsconvenience.Differentstateshavemarkedlydifferentregulationsfortelemedicine.Withtelemedicine,patientsinregionsshortofprofessionalmedicalserviceareabletoreceivebettercare.Unlikeemployersandhealthplans,insurershavebeenratherreluctanttopayforsometelemedicineservices.Somesupportersoftelemedicinehopestateswillaccepteachother'smedicalpracticelicensesasvalid.Thefastestgrowingareafortelemedicineservicesisforlesserhealthproblems.Astelemedicinespreadsquickly,someofitsopponentsdoubtwhetheritsservicequalitycanbeguaranteed.Theresultsobtainedbyresearcherswhopretendedtobepatientsseekinghelpfromtelemedicineprovidersdisturbing.Somepeoplearguethatthefactthatdifferentstateshavedifferentregulations concerningmedicalhindersthedevelopmentoftelemedicine.SectionCDirectionsThereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.DanielleSteel,the71-year-oldromancenovelistisnotoriouslyproductive,havingpublished179booksatarateofuptosevenayear.ButapassingreferenceinarecentprofilebyGlamourmagazinetoher20-hourworkdayspromptedanoutpouringofadmiration.Steelhasgiventhat20-hourfigurewhendescribingher “exhausting”processinthepast: “Istartthebookanddon'tleavemydeskuntilthefirstdraftisfinished.”Shegoesfrombed,todesk,tobath,tobed,avoidingallcontactasidefromphonecallswithherninechildren.“Idon'tcombmyhairforweeks,”shesays.Mealsarebroughttoherdesk,whereshetypesuntilherfingersswellandhernailsbleed.ThebusinessnewswebsiteQuartzheldSteelupasaninspiration,writingthatifonlyweallfollowedher“actuallyextremelyliberating”exampleofindustrioussleeplessness,wewouldbequicktoseeresults.Well,indeed.Withresearchresultsshowingthecumulativeeffectsofsleeplossanditsimpactonproductivity,doubthasbeenvoicedabouttheaccuracyofSteel’sself-assessment.Heroutputmaybeundeniable,butscepticshavesuggestedthatsheisguiltyoferasingtheroleofghostwriters(代筆人atworst,grossexaggerationatbest.Steelsaysworking20hoursadayis“prettybrutalphysically.”Butisitevenpossible?“No,”saysMaryanneTayloroftheSleepWorks.Whileyoucouldworkthatlong,theimpactonproductivitywouldmakeithardlyworthwhile.IfSteelwasroutinelysleepingforfourhoursanight,shewouldbedrasticallyunderestimatingthenegativeimpact,saysAlisonGardiner,founderofthesleepimprovementprogrammeSleepstation. “It’sakintobeingdrunk.”It’spossiblethatSteelisexaggeratingthedemandsofherschedule.Self-imposedsleeplessnesshasabitofastatussymbol”,saysTaylor,amisguidedmeasuretoprovehowpowerfulandproductiveyouare.MargaretThatcherwasalsosaidtogetbyonfourhoursanight,whilethe130-hourworkweeksenduredbytechheadshasbeenheldupaskeytotheirsuccess.Thatisstartingtochangewithincreasedawarenessoftheimportanceofsleepformentalhealth.“PeoplestartingtorealisethatsleepshouldnotbesomethingthatyoufitinbetweeneverythingsaysTaylor.Butitispossible—ifstatisticallyextremelyunlikely—thatSteelcouldbeborna“shortsleeper”withanunusualbodyclock,sayssleepexpertDr.SophieBostock.“It’sprobablypresentinfewerthan1%ofthepopulation.”EvenifSteeldoeshappentobeamongthattinyminority,saysBostock,it's“prettyirresponsible”tosuggestthat20-hourdaysaresimplyaquestionofdisciplinefortherestofus.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutGlamourmagazinereaders?TheyareintriguedbytheexoticromanceinDanielleSteel'snovels.TheyareamazedbythenumberofbookswrittenbyDanielleSteel.TheyaredeeplyimpressedbyDanielleSteel'sdailyworkschedule.TheyarehighlymotivatedbyDanielleunusualproductivity.WhatdidthebusinessnewswebsiteQuartzsayaboutDanielleSteel?Shecouldserveasanexampleofindustriousness.Sheprovedwecouldliberateourselvesfromsleep.Shecouldbeaninspirationtonovelistsallovertheworld.Sheshowedwecouldgetallourworkdonewithoutsleep.WhatdoscepticsthinkofDanielleSteel'sworkscheduleclaims?Theyarequestionable.Theyarealterable.Theyareirresistible.Theyareverifiable.WhatdoesMaryanneTaylorthinkofself-imposedsleeplessness?Itmayturnouttobekeytoasuccessfulcareer.Itmaybepracticedonlybycertaintechheads.Itmaysymboliseone'simportanceandsuccess.Itmaywellserveasameasureofself-discipline.HowdoesDr.SophieBostocklookatthe20-hourdailyworkschedule?Oneshouldnotadoptitwithoutconsultingasleepexpert.Thegeneralpublicshouldnotbeencouragedtofollowit.Onemustbedulyself-disciplinedtoadheretoit.Themajoritymustadjusttheirbodyclockforit.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OrganicagricultureisarelativelyuntappedresourceforfeedingtheEarth'spopulation,especiallyintheofclimatechangeandotherglobalchallenges.That'stheconclusionIreachedinreviewing40yearsofsciencecomparingthelong-termprospectsoforganicandconventionalfarming.Thereviewstudy,“OrganicAgricultureinthe21stCentury,”isfeaturedasthecoverstoryfortheFebruaryissueofthejournalNaturePlants.ItisthefirsttocompareorganicandconventionalagricultureacrossthemaingoalsofsustainabilityidentifiedbytheNationalAcademyofSciences:productivity,economics,andCriticshavelongarguedthatorganicagricultureisinefficient,requiringmorelandtoyieldthesameoffood.It'struethatorganicfarmingproducesloweryields,averaging10to20percentlessthanconventional.Advocatescontendthattheenvironmentaladvantagesoforganicagriculturefaroutweightheloweryields,andthatincreasingresearchandbreedingresourcesfororganicsystemswouldreducetheyieldgap.Sometimesexcludedfromtheseargumentsisthefactthatwealreadyproduceenoughfoodtomorethanfeedtheworld's7.4billionpeoplebutdonotprovideadequateaccesstoallindividuals.Insomecases,organicyieldscanbehigherthanconventional.Forexample,inseveredroughtconditions,whichareexpectedtoincreasewithclimatechangeinmanyareas,organicfarmscanproduceasgood,ifnotbetter,yieldsbecauseofthehigherwater-holdingcapacityoforganicallyfarmedsoils.Whatsciencedoestellusisthatmainstreamconventionalfarmingsystemshaveprovidedgrowingsuppliesoffoodandotherproductsbutoftenattheexpenseofothersustainabilitygoals.Conventionalagriculturemayproducemorefood,butitoftencomesatacosttotheenvironment.Biodiversityloss, environmentaldegradation, and severe impacts on ecosystemservices have not anicagriculture,environmentalcoststendtobelowerandthebenefitsgreater.Overall,organicfarmstendtostoremoresoilcarbon,havebettersoilquality,andreducesoilerosioncomparedtotheirconventionalcounterparts.Organicagriculturealsocreateslesssoilandwaterpollutionandlowergreenhousegasemissions.Anditsmoreenergy-efficientbecauseitdoesn'trelyonsyntheticfertilizersorpesticides.Organicagricultureisalsoassociatedwithgreaterbiodiversityofplants,animals,insectsmicroorganismsaswellasgeneticdiversity.Biodiversityincreasestheservicesthatnatureprovidesandtheabilityoffarmingsystemstoadapttochangingconditions.Despiteloweryields,organicagricultureismoreprofitableforfarmersbecauseconsumersarewillingtopaymore.Higherprices,calledpricepremiums,canbejustifiedasawaytocompensatefarmersforprovidingecosystemservicesandavoidingenvironmentaldamageorexternalcosts.Whatdowelearnfromtheconclusionoftheauthor'sreviewstudy?Moreresourcesshouldbetappedforfeedingtheworld'spopulation.Organicfarmingmaybeexploitedtosolvetheglobalfoodproblem.Thelong-termprospectsoforganicfarmingareyettobeexplored.Organicfarmingisatleastaspromisingasconventionalfarming.Whatisthecritics'argumentagainstorganicfarming?Itcannotmeettheneedforfood.Itcannotincreasefarmyields.Itisnotreallypractical.Itisnotthatproductive.Whatdoestheauthorthinkshouldbetakenintoaccountinarguingaboutorganicfarming?Growthinworldpopulation.Deteriorationinsoilfertility.Inequalityinfooddistribution.Advanceinfarmingtechnology.Whatdoessciencetellusaboutconventionalfarming?Itwillnotbeabletomeetglobalfooddemand.Itisnotconducivetosustainabledevelopment.Itwilleventuallygiveawaytoorganicfarming.Itisgoingmainstreamthroughouttheworld.Whydoestheauthorthinkhigherpricesoforganicfarmproducearejustifiable?Theygivefarmersgoingorganicabigcompetitiveedge.Theymotivatefarmerstoupgradefarmingtechnology.Organicfarmingcostsmorethanconventionalfarming.Organicfarmingdoeslong-termgoodtotheecosystem.PartIVPartIVTranslation(30minutes)Direction:orthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Yoush