閱讀理解復習

------篇章結構題

2016.3.15Objectives通過練習，討論總結不同類型篇章結構題目的解題策略。2.運用所學策略，解決閱讀中的問題。

篇章結構題考查同學們在理解全文的基礎上對文章所描述事件的發(fā)展順序（記敘文）、所說明事物的結構層次（說明文）或在論述觀點（議論文）過程中使用的方法進行推測、歸納和總結的能力。篇章結構類題目的特點：文章結構理解的設問方式:1.問指代1)Theword“everything”inparagraph2means____？2)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?

......Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency(效率),whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.……（2014湖南，C）3.Theunderlinedword“which”inParagraph2refersto“____”.thewaysB.theirhomesC.developmentsD.existingefforts

實例體驗D（）existingeffortshavelargelyignoredthewaysthat...指代類問題解題策略：仔細分析，正確理解指代詞所在句;(2)前后搜索，圈定答案范圍，以之替換，看句子是否通順;(3)

采用排除法，確定答案。2.問結構問段落結構Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby?篇章結構理解的設問方式:2.問文章結構

1）Thepassageismainlydeveloped/organizedby____?2)Whichofthefollowingshowthe

structure/organizationofthepassage?1.問段落結構

（選出最佳選項并總結解題思路）Iwasneverneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.Eachofherobjectshaditsplace,butminealwayshidsomewhere.Sheevenlabeled(貼標簽)everything.Ialwayslookedforeverything.Overtime,KategotneaterandIgotmessier.Shewouldpushmydirtyclothingover,andIwouldlaymybooksonhertidydesk.Webothgottiredofeachother.Warbrokeoutoneevening.Katecameintotheroom.Soon,Ihearherscreaming,“takeyoushoesaway!Whyundermybed!”deafened,Isawmyshoesflyingatme.Ijumpedtomyfeetandstartedyelling.Sheyelledbacklouder.(2014重慶，A)HowisParagraph1mainlydeveloped?byanalyzingthecauses.B.byshowingdifferences.C.bydescribingaprocess.D.byfollowingtimeorder.背景知識補充：常見寫作方式及提示語：1.舉例。常見提示語forexample,forinstant等。2.對比。常見提示語like，unlike，but,however,while等。2.時間順序。常見提示詞，明確的時間狀語，later，then,afterwards等。3.空間順序。4.邏輯順序：常見提示詞because,therefore,asaresult,besides,inaddition,inaword,inshort等。常見文體的文章基本結構

高考英語閱讀理解?？疾榈捏w裁有三種，分別是、、和。它們都分別有自己的基本結構。記敘文說明文議論文背景知識補充2.問文章結構

1.記敘文的基本結構NarrativewritingsStorypresentationEnding2．說明文的基本結構DescriptivewritingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)Conclusion3.議論文的基本結構ArgumentationTopicArgumentsconclusionOpinionSupportingsentences2.問文章結構

閱讀短文，從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案，并總結解題思路。（見學案：問文章結構：實例分析）段落/文章結構題解題策略：4）對比選項定答案1）抓文章中心句重視文章首段和尾段2）抓段落中心句重視段落首句和尾句

總分式結構3）看段落邏輯關系對照式結構

并列式結構一正一反平行關系相互獨立3.問文章后續(xù)1)Whatmaybetalkedaboutafterthelastparagraph?2)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillprobablydiscuss____？篇章結構理解的設問方式:

Mostpeoplewhomovetoaforeigncountryorculturemaygothroughsomeformofcultureshock…Itisimportanttounderstandandlearnhowtodealwithcultureshock...Therearefourgeneralstagesofculturaladjustment….

Thefirststageisusuallyreferredto…

Butitisn’tlongbeforethehoneymoonstagegiveswaytothesecondstage…Atsomepoint,ifyoucanmanageitwell,you’llbeginthetransitionintothenextstage…Atthisstage,you'lldealwithnewchallengeswithhumorratherthananxiety.4.Whatwouldbeprobablydiscussedinthefollowingparagraph?Consequencesofcultureshock.Challengesinanewcountry.C.Preparationsforanewculture. D.The4thstageofculturaladjustment.

實例體驗：完成下面的練習，并總結解題方法。

D文章后續(xù)題目解題策略：3）注意最后一段，特別留意最后幾句1）通讀全文，把握文章主旨2）關注段落邏輯關系，分析框架結構鞏固練習見學案Everydayandineverywaywe’regettingbetter!鞏固練習：（見學案）Formostcitypeople,theelevatorisanunremarkablemachinethatinspiresnoneoftheenthusiasmorinterestthatAmericansaffordtrains,jets,andevenbicycles.Dr.ChristopherWilkisamemberofasmallgroupofelevatorexpertswhoconsiderthisamisunderstanding.Withouttheelevator,theypointout,therecouldbenodowntownskyscrapersortallbuilding,andcitylifeasweknowitwouldbeimpossible.Inthatsense,theyargue,theelevator’sroleinAmericanhistoryhasbeennolesssignificantthanthatofcars.Infact,accordingtoWilk,thecarandtheevaluatorhavebeenlockedina“secretwar”foroveracentury,whichcarsmakingitpossibleforpeopletospreadhorizontally(水平地)，andelevatorspushingthemtowardlifeinclosegroupsoftoweringvertical(垂直的)columns.(2014湖北，E)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraphIreferto?thegeneralviewofelevators.B.theparticularinterestsofexperts.C.thedesireforaremarkablemachine.D.theenthusiasmfortransportvehicles.A鞏固練習：（學案）

Inthemid-1700s,aFrenchmancameupwithanewdesignofroad---baselayer(層)oflargestonescoveredwithathinlayerofsmallerstones.AScotsmanimprovedonthisdesigninthe1820sandastrong,lastingroadsurfacebecameareality.Ataroundthesametime,metalhubs(thecentralpartofawheel)cameintobeing,followedbythepneumatictyre(充氣輪胎)in1846.Alloywheelswereinventedin1967,sixtyyears