NuclearPowerHiroshimaBeforeAfterDearMr.Chairman!@#$%^&*()AtomBombChainReactioncriticalmassof235U:~52kgCriticalMassOreofUranium238U:99.2739%235U:0.7205%

Centrifuge(離心機)

fornuclearworkHowdoesitwork?“Gundesign”firedacylinderof235Uintoahollowspherecompletinga60kgmassDroppedonHiroshimaonAugust6,1945at8:15AM.Detonated2,000ftabovethegroundandkilled~140,000Japanesebytheyear’send1.3%ofthe235UactuallyfissionedBlastequaled~15000tonsofTNTLittleBoy239Pubomb2,000kgofhighexplosiveservetoimplode239Puinsidea238Utampershell238Utamperreflectsescapingneutronsbackintothe239PuforfissionDroppedonNagasakionAugust9,1945at11:02AM,killing~70,000Japanesebyyearend~17%ofthe239PufissionedBlastequaled~22000tonsofTNTFatManUsesafissionreactiontoheattheHisotopestohighfusiontemperaturesOftencalled“fission-fusion-fission”bomb“Neutron”bombhasno238Utampersoastoletneutronsfree,damagingonlylivingorganismsFusionBomb(H-Bomb,ThermonuclearBomb)NuclearWeaponTheenergyofnuclearweapon1kgTNT:4.19×106JLittleboy(Droppedon

Hiroshima):~15000tonsofTNT=6×1013JThefullpowerofSanXia:1.8×1010WWhileE=mc2So6×1013J=0.67g4×106Ton/SecDifferentNuclearWeaponM388(USA),thesmallestnuclearweaponoftheworld.About30kg,Blastequaled~100tonsTNTA:ChernayaGuba(70.7N54.6E)

B:MatochkinShar(73.4N54.9E)

C:SukhoyNos(73.7N54.0E)Tsar(USSR),themostpowerfulnuclearweaponoftheworld,26tons,Blastequaled~58milliontonsTNT,30Oct,1961JuliusRobertOppenheimer漫天奇光異彩，有如圣靈逞威，只有一千個太陽，才能與其爭輝。我是死神，我是世界的毀滅者(IambecomeDeath,theshatterofworlds)-Jul.16,1945Jul.16,1945,5:30Alamogordo,NewMexico,USATheManhattanProject

China’sNuclearWeapon

-whyweneednuclearweapon?1964年10月16日，原子彈爆炸成功！1967年6月17日，氫彈爆炸成功！China’snuclearweaponproject596548524512506503515575China’sInterContinentalBallisticMissile(ICBM,洲際彈道導彈)ICBMW88,363Kg,475Kton3milliontonnuclearweapontestChina’snucleartest酒泉基地中的墓地鄧稼先程開甲彭桓武錢三強王淦昌錢學森郭永懷于敏鄧稼先（中）與楊振寧（左）、楊振平（楊振寧的弟弟）1949年在美國的合影1924.06.25-1986.07.29China’slastnuclearweapontest,1996.07.29我愿以身許國錢偉長

(1912-2010)中文：100分歷史：100分物理：5分數(shù)學+化學：20分英文：0分錢三強and何澤慧

錢三強：經(jīng)過長期通信，我向你提出結(jié)婚的請求，如能同意，請回信，我將等你一同回國。何澤慧：感謝你的愛情，我將對你永遠忠誠。等我們見面后一同回國。SomestoriesofNuclearWeaponOmarMouammeralGaddafiWenHoLeeComprehensiveNuclear-Test-BanTreaty（《全面禁止核試驗條約》，CNTBT）Nuclear

PowerPlantThefirstnuclearreactorChelobyle

April26,198647名核電站工人及9名兒童患上甲狀腺癌,并估計大約4000人最終將會因這次意外所帶來的疾病而死亡。Only56killed-byInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency(IAEA,國際原子能機構(gòu))reportFukushima

March11,2011Half-life:銫（Cs）137：30年碘（I）131：8天FearoverradiationMonjufastbreederreactor

(文殊快中子增殖反應堆)Half-life:钚（Pu）239：24000年日本東海村核臨界事故Pu(plutonium)TellmeaboutPu.Isotopesandcompoundsofplutoniumaredangerousduetotheirradioactivity.Basedonchemicaltoxicity(毒性)alone,theelementislessdangerousthanarsenic（砒霜）orcyanide（氰化物）andaboutthesameascaffeine（咖啡因）.Plutoniumisnotabsorbedintothebodyefficientlywheningested;only0.04%ofplutoniumoxideisabsorbedafteringestion.Plutoniumhasametallictaste.Po(polonium)polonium-210isaround250,000timesmoretoxicthanhydrogencyanide（氰化氫）,theactualLD50（動物實驗50%死亡的劑量）for210Poisabout1microgramforan80kgpersoncomparedwithabout250milligramsforhydrogencyanide).Themainhazardisitsintenseradioactivity(asanalphaemitter),whichmakesitverydifficulttohandlesafely:onegramofPowillself-heattoatemperatureofaround500°C.Alphaparticlesemittedbypoloniumwilldamageorganictissueeasilyifpoloniumisingested,inhaled,orabsorbed,althoughtheydonotpenetratetheepidermisandhencearenothazardousifthepoloniumisoutsidethebody.FeltsickonNov.1anddiedonNov.23,2006Tl,Po-210

(10timesoflethaldose!!!)俄羅斯前特工利特維年科RadiationHere!!!!I’mHere!!!!Isnuclearpowerplantsafe?Whywebuildnuclearpowerplant?Heat-engineplantHydropowerplant

FusionBombTheSunThermonuclearPowerPlantLawrenceLivermorelab,2Hand3HinsmallplasticballsonacoinHowtobuildaThermonuclearPowerPlant?國際熱核聚變實驗堆（ITER）TokamakExperimentalAdvancedSuperconductingTokamak(EAST)反場箍縮磁約束聚變實驗裝置(KTX，“科大一環(huán)”)Coldfusion???Andre–Rossi(Italy)coldfusionexperiments(E-Cat)CompactFusionReactor(CFR)

-byLockheedMartin'sSkunkWorkstechnologyteamNuclearMagneticResonanceDoyouhaveanyexamplesorproblems?Nextweek’stopicArtificialWorld—WonderfulMaterials關于作業(yè)：22/gp/賬號：wwyx密碼：wwyx論文可以用中文或英語書寫。要求能正確表達，論述清楚。英語書寫不加分。論文可以紙質(zhì)遞交（手寫或打印均可），也可以電子文擋遞交，請自行選擇其中一種方式。紙質(zhì)文件遞交的，要求字跡清楚，并在每