2/6/20231句子成分和基本句型句子成分的定義組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分，包括主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)（由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)）、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)(通常由名詞充當(dāng))。其中，主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)稱為句子的基本成分。而定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)稱為句子的附屬成分。

1主語(yǔ)：一般在句子開(kāi)頭。如：LucyisanAmericangirl.WestudyinJiaozhouNo.1MiddleSchool.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.注意therebe

句型，主語(yǔ)不是there。Therearealotofchildreninthestreet.There____(stand)abuilding.

2謂語(yǔ)：1.Theboyrunsquicklyinthestreet.2.HelikesEnglish.3.Heturnedoffthelight.4.Herparentsareworkers.5.Sheisdancingandsinging.6.HehaslearnedEnglishforthreeyears.7.Thedifficultproblemissolved.8.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.9.Icanswim.10.Idon'tlikeit.謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。謂語(yǔ)可以由單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)）充當(dāng)，也可以是由助動(dòng)詞加某種動(dòng)詞形式構(gòu)成（復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)）。謂語(yǔ)體現(xiàn)了時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)，人稱數(shù)的變化。謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)方面必須和主語(yǔ)一致。常見(jiàn)得不及物動(dòng)詞go,arrive,come,begin,work,listen,look,agree,sit,die,fall,fail,rise,run,remain,hurry,succeed,happenoccur,takeplace,breakout,,改錯(cuò)題。1.Heislookingme.2.Heislisteningthetearchercarefully.3.Wearrivedschoolat7o'clockeveryday.4.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinmyhometown.5.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshowedthatglobalwarmingisseriousnow.6.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.7.IwasonlyfourwhenIfeedadog.8.WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappy.9.We'dliketoinviteforyoutotheexhibition.10.Themorefreindswehave,themorewecanlearnforoneanother.11.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.12.Wecouldlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningtomusic.13.Mydreamschoollooklikebeautiful.14.Wemustfoundwaystoprotecttheenvironment.

3.賓語(yǔ)：只出現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)地方，要么vt.后面，要么prep.后面。如：Hewasoftenconcernedaboutme.WestudyEnglishatschool.4表語(yǔ)：只出現(xiàn)在連系動(dòng)詞后面，連系動(dòng)詞后面的都是表語(yǔ)。如：

Youareastudent.Helooksnice.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)（S+V+P）一be動(dòng)詞類：

am,is,are,was,were

二感官動(dòng)詞類:

look,sound,smell,taste,feel,三表示狀態(tài)變化類:become,

get,

turn,grow,go

fall四表狀態(tài)延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞:remain,stay,keep

stand五

似乎，好像:seem,appear(三)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)（10分，10分鐘）①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Hesufferedalotlastyear..④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.2/6/202310(四)挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)）①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.2/6/202311

5.賓補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的。如：HisparentsnamedhimJim.Wefoundthebookinteresting.Lucyleavesthelighton.簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型1.S+V(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))2.S+V+P(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ))3.S+V+O(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ))4.S+V+o+O(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ))5.S+V+O+OC(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(S+Vt.+o+O)Iwillgiveyou

abooktomorrow.Iwillgiveabooktomorrowtoyoutomorrow.Janeboughtmeabirthdaygiftintheshop.Janeboughtabirthdaygift

formeintheshop.2/6/202316用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人。用for側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for

的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)(S+Vt.+O+OC)賓補(bǔ)就是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的成分。.WecallhimTony.Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Isawthelittlegirldancingintheroom.OurEnglishteacheradvisedustodosomereadingseveryday.Ifounditverypleasant

tobewithyourfamily.HisfathernamedhimDongming.Hedrewmeapicture.Igaveherabirthdaygiftyesterday.Heispreparingusbreakfast.Theypaintedtheirhousered.Wesawherenteringtheclassroom.Itmakesmehappy.基本句型1.簡(jiǎn)單句(單一主語(yǔ)+單一謂語(yǔ)+其他成分)e.g.:Margiehatedschool.2.并列句(and,but,or等并列連詞引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)各有主謂的簡(jiǎn)單句)eg:Jerrylikesreadingandshehasreadlotsofbooks.3.復(fù)雜句(含定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句及狀語(yǔ)從句的句子)eg:Whenheenteredtheroom,hesawamanwholayonthefloor..1.Themantookoutthekey,_____（open)thedoorandente