現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

ThePresentPerfectTense一

構(gòu)成:have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞(pp)肯定主語+have/has+pp否定主語+have/hasnot+pp疑問Have/Has+主語+pp+其他

Yes,主+have/has.No,主+haven’t/hasn’t.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.ShehasbeentoEurope.Shehasn’tbeentoEurope.HasshebeentoEurope?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：與過去時(shí)變化相同。

(1)一般+-ed

work---worked---worked

(2)以“e”結(jié)尾,+-

d。

live---lived---lived

(3)

“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，y變i,+-ed。

cry---cried---cried

(4)重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾(輔元輔)，雙寫后+-ed。

drop---dropped--dropped2、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，見不規(guī)則表（p120）動(dòng)詞過去分詞(pp)變化規(guī)則二含義及用法1表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，

對現(xiàn)在的影響和產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常用的關(guān)鍵詞

yet(否/疑),already已經(jīng)ever/never曾經(jīng)/從來不just剛剛before 以前recently,lately最近in/duringthepast/last5years過去五年bynow,sofar,uptonow,tillnow迄今

once,twice… 一次…all/inone’slife

某人一生

（1）already肯定句:“己經(jīng)”一般疑問句:句末(表示驚訝的語氣)“難道”

Haveyouhadbreakfastalready？

(表示強(qiáng)調(diào))I’vealreadyhadbreakfast.(更常見)=I’vehadbreakfastalready.

注:

有already的句子在時(shí)態(tài)上并不都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),判斷時(shí)要看該詞后是否有動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.Eg.She’salreadyeightyyearsold.Itwasalreadyverylate.(2)yet否定句:句末“還(沒)”疑問句:句末“己經(jīng)”Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.注意：當(dāng)在肯定句中含already或just，變否定時(shí)，在句末加yet。

Ihaven’tseenthefilmyet.●

Motherhasjustcleanedthehouse.Motherhasn’tcleanedthehouseyet.●

Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.

(3)ever肯定句/疑問句

:句中“曾經(jīng)”

I’veeverbeentoBeijing. HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?(4)never否定句:句中“從來沒有”I’veneverbeentoBeijing.注:帶ever的肯定句變否定句時(shí),將ever變neverHehasevermademeal.Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.Hehasnevermademeal.帶ever的一般疑問句作否定回答時(shí)可用“No,never.”(5)just用于句中,表示“剛剛”I’vejusthadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjustdone?(6)before用于句末,表示“以前” I’veseenitbefore. Hassheriddenabikebefore?A:______yourbrother_________anewwatch?(buy)B:Notyet.Key

wordsHasbought

yetA:_______youever_______tothepark?(be)B:Yes,Ihave.Key

wordsHavebeen

yeteverI______never______ofanythinglikethat.(hear)Key

wordshaveheard

yeteverneverTom___________inthefactorysinceheleftschooltenyearsago.(work)Key

wordshasworked

yeteverneversinceA:Howlong______you________inthisschool?(teach)B:For6years.Key

wordshavetaughtyeteverneversinceforI______just________thedesk,youcantakeittoyourclassroom.(mend)Key

wordshavemendedyeteverneversinceforjust_______you_______theForbiddenCity(紫禁城)before?(visit)Key

wordsHavevisitedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforeHe____already______ajob.(find)Key

wordshasfoundyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadyWe_______only____________thefirstfivequestionssofar.(discuss)Key

wordshavediscussedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofarThey______________over20,000fruittreesuptonow.(plant)Key

wordshaveplantedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowGreatchanges_________________inBeijinginthepast10years.(takeplace)Key

wordshavetakenplaceyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsHe__________alotofgoodthingsinhislife.(do)Key

wordshasdoneyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifeI____________herlately.(notsee)Key

wordshaven’tseenyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyI_________________himrecently.(nothearfrom)Key

wordshaven’theardfromyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyHe___________inthiscityeversincethen.(live)Key

wordshaslivedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyeversincethenHe___________inthishighschooltillnow.(teach)Key

wordshastaughtyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyeversincethentillnow

2.表示一個(gè)從過去開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。通常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。注意：動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性（1）for

+ Ihavebeenherefor5weeks. He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years. Shehasworkedfor10hours.一段時(shí)間（2）since

+

(過去的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)Ihavebeenheresince2000.Hehasworkedasalawyersince5yearsago?They’velivedinCQsincetheymarriedin2000.

注1)：since也可單獨(dú)使用,表示“自那時(shí)起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加強(qiáng)語氣。 Ihavebeenhere(ever)sincethen.

注2)：對for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問用howlong Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?注3)：短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用，也不能用于howlong問句中。

（誤）Ihaveleftfor5years.(正)Ihavebeenawayfor5years.※短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換短暫性(短動(dòng)詞)動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性(長動(dòng)詞)動(dòng)詞.leave--come/go(to)--arrive(at/in)--get(to)--reach--buy--borrow--finish--join--start/begin--die--close--open--return--marry--become--

beaway(from)

be(in/at)

be(in/at)

be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/an…beonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarried

bePleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectShehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears.hadbuyhave/hashadPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectHowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates？beenincometohave/hasbeenin

buyhave/hashadPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectAnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeninPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectIhavegottoParisforoneweek.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectMybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.beeninbeenasoldiercometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectIhaveleftSetohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectIhaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago.keptcometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectThefilmhasbegunfor10minutes.beenoncometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptbegin

have/hasbeenon

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectTheconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour.beenovercometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptbegin

have/hasbeenon

finish

have/hasbeenover

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectHisdoghasdiedfortwoyears.beendeadcometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptbegin

have/hasbeenon

finish

have/hasbeenover

die

have/hasbeendead

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectShehasmarriedforsixyears.beenmarriedcometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptbegin

have/hasbeenon

finish

have/hasbeenover

die

have/hasbeendead

marry

have/hasbeenmarriedeg.a.HehasborrowedmyEnglishbookfortwodays.(False)b.HehaskeptmyEnglishbookfortwodays.(true)a.Ihaveboughtthenewdresssincelastmonth.(false)b.Ihavehadthenewdresssincelastmonth.(true)a.Theyhaveleftforhalfanhour.Youshouldcomeearlier.(false)b.Theyhavebeenawayforhalfanhour.Youshouldcomeearlier.(true)a.Howlonghasthefilmbegin?(false)b.Howlonghasthefilmbeenon?(true)a.Heisanunluckyboy.Hismotherhasdiedforseveralyears.(false)b.Heisanunluckyboy.Hismotherhasbeendeadforseveralyears.(true)a.HehasjoinedtheLeaguesincehecametotheschool.(false)b.Hehasbeenaleaguemembersincehecametotheschool.(true)注：※非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，它不能跟段時(shí)間。

但它的否定式可以跟段時(shí)間狀語連用.

TomhasleftBeijing.Hehasborrowedapenfromme.Tomhasn’tleftBeijingsincehecametothiscityin2004.Theyhaven’tboughtanynewhousesincetheymovedtoShanghai.Shehasn’tboughtanynewclothesforayear.三

have/hasgoneto:已經(jīng)去了或在途中，還沒有返回；(去了未回來)have/hasbeento:曾今去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了，后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語； (去了已回來)have/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留了一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。(狀態(tài))(曾經(jīng)在，現(xiàn)在還在那里)

ExercisesTom在哪兒？他去書店買書了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack去過上海兩次了-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshoptobuysomebooks.IhavebeeninBeijingfor5years.JackhasbeentoShanghaitwice.canyoudistinguish?have/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin

1.Bill____________London,hewillcomebacktomorrow.

2.A:Wherearethetwins?B:They____________thecinema.3.I_______________Paristwice.Hehasneverbeenthere.4.A:Haveyouever_________America?B:No,never.5.A:Howlonghaveyou________China?B:Foroneyear.6.HeleftforEnglandtwodaysago.He___________therefortwodays.hasgoneto

havegoneto

havebeento

beento

beenin

hasbeen

四

特殊句型1.Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since+句子(一般過去時(shí))=一段時(shí)間+haspassed+since+句子(一般過去時(shí))

e.g.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.這本書我借了一個(gè)月了。Iborrowedthisbookamonthago.(一般過去時(shí))Itis/hasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook.(句型1it’s/been+時(shí)間since+一般過去)Ihavekeptthebookforamonth./sinceamonthago.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook.(句型2時(shí)間+passedsince+一般過去時(shí))

2.

被形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾的名詞后的定語從句(that引導(dǎo))中，一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。Thisisthemostdeliciousfood(that)I’veevereaten.

這是我所吃過的最美味的食物。Sheisthemostbeautifulgirl(that)I’veeverseen.

她是我見過的最美麗的姑娘3.Itisthefirst/secondtime+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Thisis+the最高級(jí)+名詞+that+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Thisisthefirsttime(that)I‘veheardhimsing.

這是我第一次聽他唱歌。ItisthefirsttimethatIhaveseensuchabeautifulgirlItwasthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate.

ThisisthebestfilmthatI‘ve(ever)seen.

這是我看過的最好的電影。

典型例題

(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?

---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.

A.was

B.havebeen

C.came