Unit1SectionALoveandlogic:ThestoryofafallacyObjectives ：TotalkaboutloveandlogicTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomasterthenarrativeessaywritingskillContentsWarming-upActivitiesTextStudyLanguageApplicationSummaryWarming-upActivitiesLead-inWhatdoyouknowaboutlogicWhenitcomestomakingachoice,manypeopletendtouserationalandlogicalreasoning;Malesaremorerationalthanfemales;Doyouthink it ispossible todealwith life inacompletely rational andlogicalwayRationalworldisnotnecessarilyawonderfulone;Rationalindividualscanmakechoicesthatarebadnewsforothers;Itisridiculoustodealwithloveinalogicalway.Pre-readingActivitiesThefollowingaresomestatementstotestyourreasoningability.Tellwhethertheconclusions after theword“Therefore”are true (T), false (F), oruncertain(U).Writeyouransweronthelinebeforeeachstatement.numbernumberstatementsTrueorfalse1Alloddnumbersareintegers(Allevennumbersareintegers.Therefore,alloddnumbersareevennumbers.2Therearenodancersthataren’tslimandnosingersthat aren’tdancers. Therefore,all singers areslim.3Atoothpick(isusefulUsefulthingsarevaluable.Therefore,atoothpickisvaluable.Threepencilscostthesameastwoerasers.Foureraserscostthesameasoneruler.Therefore,pencilsaremoreexpensivethanrulers.5ClassAhasahigherenrollmentthanClassB.ClassChas a lowerenrollmentthanClassB.Therefore,ClassAhasalowerenrollmentthanClassC.6Afruitbasketcontainsmoreapplesthanlemons.ThereThereare more lemons in the basket thanoranges.Therefore,thebasket contains moreapples thanoranges.7Takingthetrainacrosstownisquickerthantakingthebus.Takingthebusacrosstownisslowerthandrivinga car.Therefore,takingthe trainacrosstownisquickerthandrivingacar.8AllthetulipsinZoe’sgardenarewhite.AlltherosesinZoe’sgardenareyellow.Therefore,all theflowersinZoe’sgardenareeitherwhiteoryellow.Listentoashortpassageonlogic,andfillinthemissinginformation.CulturalBackground-LogicandFallacyWhatisafallacyAndhowisitusedAnerrorinreasoningthatrendersanargumentlogicallyinvalid;By accident or design, logical fallacies are often used in debate orpropaganda;Tomisleadpeople;Todistract people fromthereal issue for thepurposeofwinning anargument.HowmanytypesoffallacydoyouknowRedHerring( 轉(zhuǎn)移話題)/BeggingtheQuestion( 循環(huán)論證)/SlipperySlope( 滑坡謬誤)/Bandwagon(從眾謬誤)/False Dilemma(偽兩難謬誤)/False Cause(post hoc)(假因謬誤)/AdHominem( 人身攻擊)/AppealtoAuthority( 訴諸權(quán)威)/DictoSimpliciter (絕對判斷)/Hasty Generalization (草率結(jié)論)/Ad Misericordiam (不對題)/FalseAnalogy( 錯誤類比)TextStudyMainideaandstructureWhatdidthenarratordowithhisroommateRobTheymadeadealthatthenarratorgivesRobhisleatherjacket,andRob,inexchange,givesthenarratorhisgirlfriend.WhydidthenarratorwanttohavePollyashisgirlfriend(Paras.2-3)Pretty,well-off,radiant;Therightbackgroundtobethegirlfriendofadogged,brilliantlawyer;Helpthenarratorinhiscompetitionwithotherapplicantstosomeelitelawfirms.PartI —Paras.1 3Theauthorsetsthesceneofthe storybyprovidinginformation aboutthefour“wh-”words: who,where,what, andwhy.“refers tothenarrator, his roommateRob,andthebeautiful girl Polly. “Where”refers to . and“refer to whattodoandwhytodoit: Thenarrator decides tomakePolly“ ”becauseasapromisinglybrilliantlawyer,hewantstohaveagirlfriendwhoisnotonlybeautifulbutalsointelligent.PartII —Paras.4-25ThenarratortriestohelpPollybecomesmarterbygivingherlessonsinlogic.AltogetherhespendsfivenightsteachingPollyfourlogicalfallacies,namely,DictoSimpliciter,HastyGeneralization,AdMisericordiam,FalseAnalogy.PartIII —Paras.26-43Whenaskedtobethenarrator ’sgirl friend, Polly refutes his argumentswith exactlogicalfallaciestaughtbyhimand refusesbymaking full disclosure thatshedatingthenarratorsimplybecauseitisatricksheandRobhavedecidedtoplayonhiminordertogethisleatherjacket .StructureofthetextIntroductiontothestory.ThenarratorandRobmakeadeal:theexchangeofaleatherjacketforPolly.

Pollyhassomebasicqualitiestobethegirlfriendofa

Pollyneedstobemademoreintelligent.(Para.3)Body(Developmentofthestory)Whylogicisimportant(Para.4-8)

ThefirstlogicalfallacytaughttoPolly:Dicto

esecondlogicalfallacytaughttoPolly:HastyGeneralization

ThethirdlogicalfallacytaughttoPolly:AdMisericordiam

ThefourthlogicalfallacytaughttoPolly:Climax&End“Wemakeprettygoodcouple.”HastyGeneraliza-tio

“Youdon’thavetoeatawholecaketoknowit’sgood.”

Climaxofthestory:Polly refuses bethenarrator ’s

“Pleasesayyou’llgooutwithme.I ’mnothingwithoutyou.”

“Youknowthethingsyoulearninschooldon ’thaveanythingtodowithrealSummaryofthetextLoveandlogic:ThestoryofafallacyMyroommate Robmadea pact with methathe’dgivemehisgirlfriendPollyinexchangeformyjacket.AndIagreed.Pollyinexchangeformyjacket.AndIagreed.Pollyhadtheright background to bethegirlfriendof adogged, brilliantlawyerlikemyself.Shewaspretty,well-off,andradiant.Still,Iwanttodispenseherenoughpearlsofwisdomtomakeher “well -spoken”.SoItriedmybesttoteachhersuchlogicalfallaciesasDictoSimpliciter,HastyGeneralization,AdMisericordiam,andFalseAnalogy.Afterfivenightsofdiligentwork,IactuallymadealogicianoutofPolly.Shewasananalyticalthinkerlast.4.PracticalphrasesSpecificMeaninPhrasesExamplesgs1.Inexchange for作為對??的交換Inexchangeforapeaceful?environmentforthefuturegenerations,ourrevolutionarypredecessors shedtheir blood andevensacrificedtheirpreciouslives.Set a date for 為??定日期 Inordertoachievesuccess,onehadbetterstartimmediatelyrather than setdates forhis/herefforts.Appeal to 喚起；吸引 Thisuniversityboastsmanyworld-famousexperts,professors, andtheworld’s researchlibrary,therefore,itappealstostudentsandresearchersfromallovertheworld.make/draw an alogy between

在??之間作類比 Weoftenmakeananalogybetweenstudying andclimbing amountain:both ofthemrequire great effortsbeforeyoucanreachthetop.Make sth. out Theaimof themilitary academyisof sb./sth.

使??變成??

tomake qualifiedofficersoutoftheyoungcadetsafterfouryears’studyandtraining.Give sb. the xe

拋棄（戀人）；解雇 Ifyoucontinueplayingyourpreciouscollegeyearsaway,success will give youtheaxeupongraduation.Be dripping h ?

滿是?? Thoughthebeautifulladyisdrippingwithjewels,herwordsandactionsaredrippingwithvulgarityandrudeness.5.FunctionalpatternsPatterns

Functional

Functions & ages

Examples如果我能夠讓我所申請的頂尖律師事務(wù)所看到Ifsb.do?,sb.justmightdo ?

用于表達(dá)“假設(shè)”

我身邊伴隨著一位光彩照人、談吐優(yōu)雅的另一半，我就很有可能在競聘中以微弱優(yōu)勢獲勝。IfIcouldshowtheelitelawfirmsIappliedtothatIhadaradiant,well-spoken counterpart bymyside, I mightedgepastthecompetitio