托福強(qiáng)化閱讀教程Section4–SentenceSimplificationQuestionsSection4句子改寫題

一、提問方式(OGP47)

Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentence?Incorrectanswerchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.Section4句子改寫題

二、能力匹配GrammaticalStructure分析句子能力——抓主干、辨修飾識(shí)別關(guān)系能力——順邏輯、清指代Vocabulary文章原句中的單詞詞義及其同義替換Section4句子改寫題

三、做題步驟Step1:看文章原句，

辨明主干意思和句中邏輯Step2:看選項(xiàng)句子，

對(duì)比各選項(xiàng)與原句的邏輯Section4句子改寫題

三、做題步驟Step3:若邏輯關(guān)系一致看主干意思Step4:若邏輯主干均一致再看修飾Section4句子改寫題

四、選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)1、正確選項(xiàng)特征：

與原文邏輯關(guān)系一致，且是原文表達(dá)意思的同義替換；

或雖未找到原文邏輯關(guān)系詞，但全句是原文邏輯和語(yǔ)義的歸納概括。Section4句子改寫題

四、選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)2、選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤原因：

邏輯關(guān)系不一致——反了；亂了表達(dá)意思不一致——丟了；改了

Section4句子改寫題

五、題目規(guī)律1、考查句中邏輯關(guān)系：

留意原文和選項(xiàng)句中的特殊位置：

邏輯關(guān)系連詞、副詞位置：

句首、中間、標(biāo)點(diǎn)附近

Section4句子改寫題

邏輯關(guān)系：并列：and/or/notonly…butalso…轉(zhuǎn)折：but/yet/however對(duì)比：while/whereas/infact比較：more…than…/as…as因果：because;sothat…

Section4句子改寫題

注意：表達(dá)邏輯關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞因→果cause/leadto/beresponsiblefor/contributeto/accountfor果→因involve/attributeto

1、考查句中邏輯關(guān)系原句：Thesevariationsarecloseenoughforthesubgrouptoremainunderthesocietyumbrellabutdifferentenoughtoreflecttheuniqueexperienceofsubgroupmembers.Section4句子改寫題

原句：

Thesevariationsarecloseenoughforthesubgrouptoremainunderthesocietyumbrellabut

differentenoughtoreflecttheuniqueexperienceofsubgroupmembers.

Section4句子改寫題

Thedifferentexperiencesofsubgroupscausetheirmemberstoseekprotectioninthevaluesandcustomsoftheirowngroup.Section4句子改寫題

Thedifferentexperiencesofsubgroupscausetheirmemberstoseekprotectioninthevaluesandcustomsoftheirowngroup.Section4句子改寫題

Everysocietyislikealargeumbrellathatcoverspeoplefromawidevarietyofbackgroundsandcultures,protectingeveryoneequally.Section4句子改寫題

Everysocietyislikealargeumbrellathatcoverspeoplefromawidevarietyofbackgroundsandcultures,protectingeveryoneequally.Section4句子改寫題

Asubculture’svaluesshowitsseparatenessyetresemblethemajority’svaluesenoughtokeepthesubgroupwithinthelargersociety.Section4句子改寫題

Asubculture’svaluesshowitsseparateness

yet

resemblethemajority’svaluesenoughtokeepthesubgroupwithinthelargersociety.Section4句子改寫題

Asubculture’svaluesshowitsdifference

yet

makeclosethemajority’svaluesenoughtokeepthesubgroupwithinthelargersociety.Section4句子改寫題

Eachgroupmemberhasexperiencesthatdifferfromthoseofallothermembersandarecompletelyoutsidethoseofthemainstream.Section4句子改寫題

Eachgroupmemberhasexperiencesthatdifferfromthoseofallothermembersand

arecompletelyoutsidethoseofthemainstream.Section4句子改寫題

Thedifferentexperiencesofsubgroupscausetheirmemberstoseekprotectioninthevaluesandcustomsoftheirowngroup.Everysocietyislikealargeumbrellathatcoverspeoplefromawidevarietyofbackgroundsandcultures,protectingeveryoneequally.Asubculture’svaluesshowitsseparatenessyetresemblethemajority’svaluesenoughtokeepthesubgroupwithinthelargersociety.Eachgroupmemberhasexperiencesthatdifferfromthoseofallothermembersandarecompletelyoutsidethoseofthemainstream.Section4句子改寫題

Thedifferentexperiencesofsubgroupscausetheirmemberstoseekprotectioninthevaluesandcustomsoftheirowngroup.Everysocietyislikealargeumbrellathatcoverspeoplefromawidevarietyofbackgroundsandcultures,protectingeveryoneequally.Asubculture’svaluesshowitsseparatenessyetresemblethemajority’svaluesenoughtokeepthesubgroupwithinthelargersociety.Eachgroupmemberhasexperiencesthatdifferfromthoseofallothermembersandarecompletelyoutsidethoseofthemainstream.Section4句子改寫題

1、考查句中邏輯關(guān)系原句：Asathreatenedspecies,itisstillprotectedfromexcessiveharvestingbyhunters;however,limitedhuntingisallowedinsomeareastokeepthepopulationfromgrowingtoolarge.

Section4句子改寫題

原句：Asathreatenedspecies,itisstillprotectedfromexcessiveharvestingbyhunters;however,

limitedhuntingisallowedinsomeareastokeepthepopulationfromgrowingtoolarge.

Section4句子改寫題

Alligatorsarestillprotected,buthuntersareallowedtokillacertainnumbertocontroltheirpopulationinsomeplaces.Section4句子改寫題

Alligatorsarestillprotected,but

huntersareallowedtokillacertainnumbertocontroltheirpopulationinsomeplaces.Section4句子改寫題

Inordertopreventalligatorsfromgrowingtoolarge,hunterscanharvestadultalligatorsthatexceedaspecifiedsize.Section4句子改寫題

Inordertopreventalligatorsfromgrowingtoolarge,hunterscanharvestadultalligatorsthatexceedaspecifiedsize.Section4句子改寫題

Huntingisrestrictedtoareaswherealligatorsarenolongerathreatenedspeciesandthereforedonotneedprotection.Section4句子改寫題

Huntingisrestrictedtoareaswherealligatorsarenolongerathreatenedspeciesandthereforedonotneedprotection.Section4句子改寫題

Alligatorsaremorethreatenedthaneverbyexcessivehunting,andhuntersshouldnotbeallowedtodestroyallofthem.Section4句子改寫題

Alligatorsaremorethreatenedthaneverbyexcessivehunting,andhuntersshouldnotbeallowedtodestroyallofthem.Section4句子改寫題

Alligatorsarestillprotected,buthuntersareallowedtokillacertainnumbertocontroltheirpopulationinsomeplaces.Inordertopreventalligatorsfromgrowingtoolarge,hunterscanharvestadultalligatorsthatexceedaspecifiedsize.Huntingisrestrictedtoareaswherealligatorsarenolongerathreatenedspeciesandthereforedonotneedprotection.Alligatorsaremorethreatenedthaneverybyexcessivehunting,andhuntersshouldnotbeallowedtodestroyallofthem.Section4句子改寫題

Alligatorsarestillprotected,buthuntersareallowedtokillacertainnumbertocontroltheirpopulationinsomeplaces.Inordertopreventalligatorsfromgrowingtoolarge,hunterscanharvestadultalligatorsthatexceedaspecifiedsize.Huntingisrestrictedtoareaswherealligatorsarenolongerathreatenedspeciesandthereforedonotneedprotection.Alligatorsaremorethreatenedthaneverybyexcessivehunting,andhuntersshouldnotbeallowedtodestroyallofthem.Section4句子改寫題

1、考查句中邏輯關(guān)系原句：Wemightsaythatclothinghastodowithcoveringthebody,andcostumeconcernsthechoiceofparticularformofgarmentforaparticularpurpose.Section4句子改寫題

原句：

Wemightsaythatclothinghastodowithcoveringthebody,andcostumeconcernsthechoiceofparticularformofgarmentforaparticularpurpose.

Section4句子改寫題

Clothingservesaphysicalpurpose,whilecostumehasapersonal,social,orpsychologicalfunction.Section4句子改寫題

Clothingservesaphysicalpurpose,while

costumehasapersonal,social,orpsychologicalfunction.Section4句子改寫題

Welikeclothingtofitourbodywell,butdifferentcostumesfitdifferentlydependingonthepurpose.Section4句子改寫題

Welikeclothingtofitourbodywell,butdifferentcostumesfitdifferentlydependingonthepurpose.Section4句子改寫題

Bothclothingandcostumearetypesofattire,butitisoftendifficulttodistinguishbetweenthem.Section4句子改寫題

Bothclothingandcostumearetypesofattire,but

itisoftendifficulttodistinguishbetweenthem.Section4句子改寫題

Peoplespendmoretimeinchoosingspecialcostumesthantheydoinselectingeverydayclothing.Section4句子改寫題

Peoplespendmoretimeinchoosingspecialcostumesthantheydoinselectingeverydayclothing.Section4句子改寫題

Clothingservesaphysicalpurpose,whilecostumehasapersonal,social,orpsychologicalfunction.Welikeclothingtofitourbodywell,butdifferentcostumesfitdifferentlydependingonthepurpose.Bothclothingandcostumearetypesofattire,butitisoftendifficulttodistinguishbetweenthem.Peoplespendmoretimeinchoosingspecialcostumesthantheydoinselectingeverydayclothing.Section4句子改寫題

Clothingservesaphysicalpurpose,whilecostumehasapersonal,social,orpsychologicalfunction.Welikeclothingtofitourbodywell,butdifferentcostumesfitdifferentlydependingonthepurpose.Bothclothingandcostumearetypesofattire,butitisoftendifficulttodistinguishbetweenthem.Peoplespendmoretimeinchoosingspecialcostumesthantheydoinselectingeverydayclothing.Section4句子改寫題

Section4句子改寫題

五、題目規(guī)律2、考查敘述主體一致性：

對(duì)待原文：先主干、后修飾

重主干、輕修飾

優(yōu)選答案：主干同、且留下

飾變主、先開除2、考查敘述主體一致性原句：Laboratorystudieshavedemonstratedthatincleanair—airfreeofdustandotherparticles—condensationordepositionofwatervaporrequiressupersaturatedconditions,thatis,arelativehumiditygreaterthan100percent.

Section4句子改寫題

原句：

Laboratorystudieshavedemonstratedthatincleanair—airfreeofdustandotherparticles—condensationordepositionofwatervaporrequiressupersaturatedconditions,thatis,arelativehumiditygreaterthan100percent.

Section4句子改寫題

原句：

Laboratorystudieshavedemonstratedthatincleanair—airfreeofdustandotherparticles—condensationordepositionofwatervaporrequiressupersaturatedconditions,thatis,arelativehumiditygreaterthan100percent.

Section4句子改寫題

Scientistshavebeenabletostimulatetheformationofcloudsinthelaboratorywithasuccessrateof100percent.Section4句子改寫題

Scientistshavebeenabletostimulatetheformationofcloudsinthelaboratorywithasuccessrateof100percent.Section4句子改寫題

Iftheaircontainsnodustparticles,watervaporwillcondenseandcreateextremelyhumidweathercondition.Section4句子改寫題

Iftheaircontainsnodustparticles,watervaporwillcondenseandcreateextremelyhumidweathercondition.Section4句子改寫題

Researchshowsthattheformationofcloudsincleanairdependsonarelativehumidityofover100percent.Section4句子改寫題

Researchshowsthattheformationofcloudsincleanairdependsonarelativehumidityofover100percent.Section4句子改寫題

Arelativehumidityofmorethan100percentcanoccuronlywhentheairiscleananddust-free.Section4句子改寫題

Arelativehumidityofmorethan100percentcanoccuronlywhentheairiscleananddust-free.Section4句子改寫題

Scientistshavebeenabletostimulatetheformationofcloudsinthelaboratorywithasuccessrateof100percent.Iftheaircontainsnodustparticles,watervaporwillcondenseandcreateextremelyhumidweathercondition.Researchshowsthattheformationofcloudsincleanairdependsonarelativehumidityofover100percent.Arelativehumidityofmorethan100percentcanoccuronlywhentheairiscleananddust-free.Section4句子改寫題

Scientistshavebeenabletostimulatetheformationofcloudsinthelaboratorywithasuccessrateof100percent.Iftheaircontainsnodustparticles,watervaporwillcondenseandcreateextremelyhumidweathercondition.Researchshowsthattheformationofcloudsincleanairdependsonarelativehumidityofover100percent.Arelativehumidityofmorethan100percentcanoccuronlywhentheairiscleananddust-free.Section4句子改寫題

2、考查敘述主體一致性原句：BecausetheUndergroundRailroadwassosecret,fewrecordsexistthatwouldrevealthetruenumberofpeoplewhotraveledittofreedom.Section4句子改寫題

原句：

BecausetheUndergroundRailroadwassosecret,fewrecordsexistthatwouldrevealthetruenumberofpeoplewhotraveledittofreedom.

Section4句子改寫題

TheUndergroundRailroadkeptsecretrecordsinwhichallofthepassengersandtripsweredocumented.Section4句子改寫題

TheUndergroundRailroadkeptsecretrecordsinwhichallofthepassengersandtripsweredocumented.Section4句子改寫題

FewpeopleunderstoodwhytheUndergroundRailroadwouldnotrevealhowmanypeoplechosetotravelinthisway.Section4句子改寫題

FewpeopleunderstoodwhytheUndergroundRailroadwouldnotrevealhowmanypeoplechosetotravelinthisway.Section4句子改寫題

TheUndergroundRailroad’srecordswerenotaccurate,sothetruenumberoftravelersisdifficulttoestimate.Section4句子改寫題

TheUndergroundRailroad’srecordswerenotaccurate,sothetruenumberoftravelersisdifficulttoestimate.Section4句子改寫題

WedonotknowexactlyhowmanyslavesescapedontheUndergroundRailroadbecauseitwasasecretorganization.Section4句子改寫題

WedonotknowexactlyhowmanyslavesescapedontheUndergroundRailroadbecauseitwasasecretorganization.Section4句子改寫題

原句：

BecausetheUndergroundRailroadwassosecret,fewrecordsexistthatwouldrevealthetruenumberofpeoplewhotraveledittofreedom.

Section4句子改寫題

WedonotknowexactlyhowmanyslavesescapedontheUndergroundRailroadbecauseitwasasecretorganization.Section4句子改寫題

本段首句：TheAmericanantislaverymovementwasattheheightofitsactivityduringthe1800s,…

原句結(jié)尾：…peoplewhotraveledittofreedom.

Section4句子改寫題

TheUndergroundRailroadkeptsecretrecordsinwhichallofthepassengersandtripsweredocumented.FewpeopleunderstoodwhytheUndergroundRailroadwouldnotrevealhowmanypeoplechosetotravelinthisway.TheUndergroundRailroad’srecordswerenotaccurate,sothetruenumberoftravelersisdifficulttoestimate.WedonotknowexactlyhowmanyslavesescapedontheUndergroundRailroadbecauseitwasasecretorganization.Section4句子改寫題

TheUndergroundRailroadkeptsecretrecordsinwhichallofthepassengersandtripsweredocumented.FewpeopleunderstoodwhytheUndergroundRailroadwouldnotrevealhowmanypeoplechosetotravelinthisway.TheUndergroundRailroad’srecordswerenotaccurate,sothetruenumberoftravelersisdifficulttoestimate.WedonotknowexactlyhowmanyslavesescapedontheUndergroundRailroadbecauseitwasasecretorganization.Section4句子改寫題

Section4句子改寫題

五、題目規(guī)律3、考查指代內(nèi)容的一致性：

原文句中的代詞還原——回顧指代題做法3、考查指代內(nèi)容的一致性原句：

Theyprovidedevidenceoftheeverydaylifeofthepeoplethatwasfarricherthanthatinmostotherhistoricaltexts.Section4句子改寫題

考后瞻前：Thesefolkways—songs,dialects,legends,talltales,riddles,andchildren’srhymes—wereallpartofCanada’straditionalruralexperience.

Section4句子改寫題

考后瞻前：

Thesefolkways—songs,dialects,legends,talltales,riddles,andchildren’srhymes—wereallpartofCanada’straditionalruralexperience.

Section4句子改寫題

原句：

They—thesefolkways--providedevidenceoftheeverydaylifeofthepeoplethatwasfarricherthanthatinmostotherhistoricaltexts.

Section4句子改寫題

Thereisalotofinformationinhistoricaltexts,butmostofitdoesnotdealwithreallife.Section4句子改寫題

Canada’sfolkwaysgiveusamuchbetterdescriptionofdailylifethanmosthistoriesdo.Section4句子改寫題

ThetextscollectedbyBarbeaurevealthatsomeruralCanadianswerericherthanothers.Section4句子改寫題

TheCanadianpeopleprovidedalotofmaterialsthatillustratetheirtraditionalvalues.Section4句子改寫題

Thereisalotofinformationinhistoricaltexts,butmostofitdoesnotdealwithreallife.Canada’sfolkwaysgiveusamuchbetterdescriptionofdailylifethanmosthistoriesdo.ThetextscollectedbyBarbeaurevealthatsomeruralCanadianswerericherthanothers.TheCanadianpeopleprovidedalotofmaterialsthatillustratetheirtraditionalvalues.Section4句子改寫題

Thereisalotofinformationinhistoricaltexts,butmostofitdoesnotdealwithreallife.Canada’sfolkwaysgiveusamuchbetterdescriptionofdailylifethanmosthistoriesdo.ThetextscollectedbyBarbeaurevealthatsomeruralCanadianswerericherthanothers.TheCanadianpeopleprovidedalotofmaterialsthatillustratetheirtraditionalvalues.Section4句子改寫題

Section4句子改寫題

五、題目規(guī)律4、考查識(shí)別混淆及偷換概念：

錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)表意特點(diǎn)：

丟了；改了3、考查識(shí)別混淆及偷換概念原句：Infact,humansdrovealligatorstonearextinctioninmanyoftheirmarshandswamphabitatsinNorthAmerica.Section4句子改寫題

原句：

Infact,humansdrovealligatorstonearextinctioninmanyoftheirmarshandswamphabitatsinNorthAmerica.

Section4句子改寫題

ItisafactthathumansforcedalligatorstoliveinNorthAmerica’smarshesandswamps.Section4句子改寫題

ItisafactthathumansforcedalligatorstoliveinNorthAmerica’smarshesandswamps.Section4句子改寫題

Manyalligatorswerekilledwhenpeoplebuiltroadsanddrovecarsthroughtheirhabitats.Section4句子改寫題

Manyalligatorswerekilledwhenpeoplebuiltroadsanddrovecarsthroughtheirhabitats.Section4句子改寫題

PeoplealmostdestroyedthenativealligatorpopulationinmanyNorthAmericanenvironments.Section4句子改寫題

PeoplealmostdestroyedthenativealligatorpopulationinmanyNorthAmericanenvironments.Section4句子改寫題

InNorthAmerica,humansandalligatorsrarelychoosetolivetogetherinthesamearea.Section4句子改寫題

InNorthAmerica,humansandalligatorsrarelychoosetolivetogetherinthesamearea.Section4句子改寫題

ItisafactthathumansforcedalligatorstoliveinNorthAmerica’smarshesandswamps.Manyalligatorswerekilledwhenpeoplebuiltroadsanddrovecarsthroughtheirhabitats.PeoplealmostdestroyedthenativealligatorpopulationinmanyNorthAmericanenvironments.InNorthAmerica,humansandalligatorsrarelychoosetolivetogetherinthesamearea.Section4句子改寫題

ItisafactthathumansforcedalligatorstoliveinNorthAmerica’smarshesandswamps.Manyalligatorswerekilledwhenpeoplebuiltroadsanddrovecarsthroughtheirhabitats.PeoplealmostdestroyedthenativealligatorpopulationinmanyNorthAmericanenvironments.InNorthAmerica,humansandalligatorsrarelychoosetolivetogetherinthesamearea.Section4句子改寫題

真題鞏固1.Thestructureofthebackboneshows,however,thatAmbulocetusswamlikemodernwhalesbymovingtherearportionofitsbodyupanddown,eventhoughaflukewasmissing.EventhoughAmbulocetusswambymovingitsbodyupanddown,itdidnothaveabackbone.ThebackboneofAmbulocetus,whichallowedittoswim,providesevidenceofitsmissingfluke.AlthoughAmbulocetushadnofluke,itsbackbonestructureshowsthatitswamlikemodernwhales.Bymovingtherearpartsoftheirbodiesupanddown,modernwhalesswiminadifferentwayfromthewayAmbulocetusswam.Section4句子改寫題

EventhoughAmbulocetusswambymovingitsbodyupanddown,itdidnothaveabackbone.ThebackboneofAmbulocetus,whichallowedittoswim,providesevidenceofitsmissingfluke.AlthoughAmbulocetushadnofluke,itsbackbonestructureshowsthatitswamlikemodernwhales.Bymovingtherearpartsoftheirbodiesupanddown,modernwhalesswiminadifferentwayfromthewayAmbulocetusswam.Section4句子改寫題

真題鞏固2.Theextremeseriousnessofdesertificationresultsfromthevastareasoflandandthetremendousnumbersofpeopleaffected,aswellasfromthegreatdifficultyofreversingorevenslowingtheprocess.Desertificationisasignificantproblembecauseitissohardtoreverseandaffectslargeareasoflandandgreatnumbersofpeople.Slowingdowntheprocessofdesertificationisdifficultbecauseofpopulationgrowththathasspreadoverlargeareasofland.Thespreadofdesertsisconsideredaveryseriousproblemthatcanbesolvedonlyiflargenumbersofpeopleinvariouscountriesareinvolvedintheeffort.Desertificationisextremelyhardtoreverseunlessthepopulationisreducedinthevastareasaffected.Section4句子改寫題

Desertificationisasignificantproblembecauseitissohardtoreverseandaffectslargeareasoflandandgreatnumbersofpeople.Slowingdowntheprocessofdesertificationisdifficultbecauseofpopulationgrowththathasspreadoverlargeareasofland.Thespreadofdesertsisconsideredaveryseriousproblemthatcanbesolvedonlyiflargenumbersofpeopleinvariouscountriesareinvolvedintheeffort.Desertificationisextremelyhardtoreverseunlessthepopulationisreducedinthevastareasaffected.Section4句子改寫題

真題鞏固3.Herefusedtodevelopprojectiontechnology,reasoningthatifhemadeandsoldprojectors,thenexhibitorswouldpurchaseonlyonemachine—aprojector—fromhiminsteadofseveral.Edisonwasmoreinterestedindevelopingavarietyofmachinesthanindevelopingatechnologybasedononlyone.Edisonrefusedtoworkonprojectiontechnologybecausehedidnotthinkexhibitorswouldreplacetheirprojectorswithnewermachines.Edisondidnotwanttodevelopprojectiontechnologybecauseitlimitedthenumberofmachineshecouldsell.Edisonwouldnotdevelopprojectiontechnologyunlessexhibitorsagreedtopurchasemorethanoneprojectorfromhim.Section4句子改寫題

Edisonwasmoreinterestedindevelopingavarietyofmachinesthanindevelopingatechnologybasedononlyone.Edisonrefusedtoworkonprojectiontechnologybecausehedidnotthinkexhibitorswouldreplacetheirprojectorswithnewermachines.Edisondidnotwanttodevelopprojectiontechnologybecauseitlimitedthenumberofmachineshecouldsell.

Edisonwouldnotdevelopprojectiontechnologyunlessexhibitorsagreedtopurchasemorethanoneprojectorfromhim.Section4句子改寫題

真題鞏固4.Forexample,peoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustified—asduringwartime—arelikelytoactaggressively,whereaspeoplewhobelievethataparticularwaroractofaggressionisunjust,orwhothinkthataggressionisneverjustified,arelesslikelytobehaveaggressively.Peoplewhobelievethattheyarefightingajustwaractaggressivelywhilethosewhobelievethattheyarefightinganunjustwardonot.Peoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifiedaremorelikelytoactaggressivelythanthosewhobelievedifferently.Peoplewhonormallydonotbelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifiedmayactaggressivelyduringwartime.Peoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifieddonotnecessarilyactaggressivelyduringwartime.Section4句子改寫題

Peoplewhobelievethattheyarefightingajustwaractaggressivelywhilethosewhobelievethattheyarefightinganunjustwardonot.Peoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifiedaremorelikelytoactaggressivelythanthosewhobelievedifferently.Pe