XX工程ProjectXX

測(cè)試工作策略TestingStrategyXXXXNov.20072目錄序主題1測(cè)試策略TestingStrategy1.1目的Objectives1.2范圍Scope2測(cè)試方法TestingApproach2.1測(cè)試階段劃分TestingStages2.2與其他工作的結(jié)合InteractionwithOtherWorkStreams3測(cè)試基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)TestingInfrastructure3.1測(cè)試環(huán)境TestingEnvironment3.2測(cè)試控制流程TestingControlProcesses3.3測(cè)試組織TestingOrganization3.4測(cè)試工具TestingTools4測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)TestData5測(cè)試交付TestingDeliverables3測(cè)試的目的ObjectivesofTesting測(cè)試工作是為了確保交付給客戶的系統(tǒng)能夠滿足實(shí)施范圍中確定的業(yè)務(wù)需求Testingisaprocessthatseekstoconfirmthatthesystembeingdeliveredtoitscustomersmeetsallthebusinessrequirementsdeterminedtobeinscopefortheimplementation測(cè)試的主要目的Themajorobjectivesoftestingare:確保系統(tǒng)滿足實(shí)施范圍內(nèi)的全部業(yè)務(wù)需求Ensuringthatthesystemmeetsallthebusinessrequirementsdeterminedtobeinscope確保系統(tǒng)達(dá)到技術(shù)要求和應(yīng)用響應(yīng)時(shí)間的服務(wù)水平，以及進(jìn)行正常業(yè)務(wù)處理的系統(tǒng)負(fù)荷要求和基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)性能要求Ensuringthatthesystemmeetstechnicalrequirementsandmeetsservicelevelsforapplicationresponsetime,throughput,andinfrastructureperformanceattypicalproductionloads4測(cè)試范圍Scope測(cè)試的覆蓋范圍應(yīng)當(dāng)包括系統(tǒng)所有被實(shí)施的解決方案中的全部組成部分，OverallscopeofthetestingeffortshouldincludeallthecomponentsofthesystemformingpartoftheSolutionproposedtobeimplementedforagivenIteration:核心業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)TheCorePackage附加的軟件和用戶出口、自定義程序等開發(fā)對(duì)象AnyBolt-OnSoftware,Extensions,andDevelopmentObjectssuchasUserExits,CustomPrograms,etc.接口程序Interfacesincludingtolegacysystems轉(zhuǎn)換的數(shù)據(jù)ConvertedData用戶權(quán)限SecurityRoles&Profiles手工工作流程ManualWorkProcesses5測(cè)試階段劃分TestingStages測(cè)試在整個(gè)系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)階段分階段進(jìn)行，以便于盡早的發(fā)現(xiàn)缺陷TestingisconductedinStagesthroughouttheRealizationPhasetoenableearlydetectionofdefects.單元測(cè)試對(duì)每個(gè)配置對(duì)象進(jìn)行測(cè)試，以及自定義開發(fā)的對(duì)象，主要測(cè)試每個(gè)系統(tǒng)功能的執(zhí)行情況UnitTesting:testingofindividualconfigurationelementsandcustom-developedobjects;testingforindividualfunctionperformance集成測(cè)試對(duì)每個(gè)端到端業(yè)務(wù)流程的一組系統(tǒng)功能的執(zhí)行情況進(jìn)行測(cè)試，集成測(cè)試是針對(duì)系統(tǒng)各部分、各模塊/組件之間的集成連接的正式測(cè)試IntegrationTesting:testingofend-to-endbusinessprocessesforfunctionperformanceofindividualswithinagroup.Integrationtestisaformaltestoftheinteractionbetweenponentsandpartsofthesystem.用戶接受測(cè)試用戶接受測(cè)試主要是從業(yè)務(wù)角度對(duì)端到端業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)行測(cè)試，目的是為了確保最初的業(yè)務(wù)需求被全部實(shí)現(xiàn)且符合之前確定的要求。這個(gè)測(cè)試將由了解業(yè)務(wù)流程和需求的關(guān)鍵、核心用戶進(jìn)行，并在測(cè)試結(jié)束后簽字確認(rèn)，認(rèn)可經(jīng)測(cè)試的解決方案可以投入生產(chǎn)使用。Useracceptancetesting(UAT)representsend-to-endtestingfromthebusinessperspective.Thepurposeistoprovethatinitialbusinessrequirementswereimplementedproperlyandinaccordancetothespecificationsmadebefore.Thetestershereareusuallythekey/poweruserswhoknowtheprocessesandrequirements.Attheendoftestingthebusinessrepresentativessignoffthatthesolutiontestedisreadytobereleasedforproductionmode.模擬上線測(cè)試模擬上線測(cè)試主要是針對(duì)上線切換的一次演習(xí)，確保上線切換策略及計(jì)劃沒有問題。測(cè)試還包括數(shù)據(jù)的切換測(cè)試及系統(tǒng)壓力測(cè)試Go-livesimulationtestingisarehearsalforcut-overandgo-live.Toensurethecut-overstrategyandplanisprefect.Thetestingincludedataconversionandvolume/stresstesting.6測(cè)試階段劃分TestingStages創(chuàng)建采購請(qǐng)求CreateRequisition采購請(qǐng)求審批RequisitionApproval創(chuàng)建采購訂單CreatePO采購訂單審批POApproval收貨GoodsReceipt發(fā)票校驗(yàn)InvoiceVerification單元測(cè)試UnitTest集成測(cè)試IntegrationTest單元測(cè)試UnitTesting集成測(cè)試IntegrationTesting用戶接受測(cè)試Useracceptancetesting上線模擬測(cè)試Go-liveSimulationTesting單獨(dú)應(yīng)用事例SingleUseCase/上線Go-live端到端業(yè)務(wù)流程End-to-endBusinessProcess模擬生產(chǎn)環(huán)境SimulatedProductionEnvironment全部業(yè)務(wù)情景AllofBusinessScenario業(yè)務(wù)情景-采購請(qǐng)求到發(fā)票校驗(yàn)BusinessScenario–RequisitiontoInvoice獨(dú)立應(yīng)用事例-系統(tǒng)及手工IndividualUseCase–System&Manual7測(cè)試階段細(xì)節(jié)TestingStages-Details單元測(cè)試UnitTesting對(duì)配置和開發(fā)對(duì)象進(jìn)行測(cè)試TestingofConfiguration&DevelopedObjects關(guān)注于業(yè)務(wù)事務(wù)層面FocusedattheBusinessTransactionslevel基于配置文檔、業(yè)務(wù)流程、功能以及技術(shù)說明書BasedonConfigurationDocuments,BusinessProcessProcedures,Functional&TechnicalSpecifications滿足確認(rèn)的測(cè)試范圍內(nèi)的需求MaptoRequirementsforvalidatingtestcoverage測(cè)試應(yīng)當(dāng)包括在生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行時(shí)可能發(fā)生的各種正面或負(fù)面的變化情況和例外情況Includefullrangeofvariationsandexceptionsituations(positive&negative)thatcouldbeencounteredinProduction測(cè)試在DEV環(huán)境中進(jìn)行，先由顧問在配置過程中測(cè)試基本沒問題后，由核心團(tuán)隊(duì)和關(guān)鍵用戶進(jìn)行測(cè)試Aftertheconsultantsfinishedtransactiontestingwhileconfiguration,UnittestingshouldbeexecutedbyprojectcoreteammembersandkeyusersintheDEVenvironment8測(cè)試階段細(xì)節(jié)TestingStages-Details集成測(cè)試IntegrationTesting對(duì)端到端的業(yè)務(wù)流程進(jìn)行測(cè)試Testingofend-to-endbusinessprocesses關(guān)注在業(yè)務(wù)情景層面（在邏輯上成組的業(yè)務(wù)流程）FocusedattheBusinessScenariolevel(logicalgroupingofbusinessprocess)面向流程而非面向系統(tǒng)的Process-orientedandnotsystem-oriented測(cè)試優(yōu)先級(jí)一的開發(fā)對(duì)象TestingofPriority1DevelopmentObjects&Reports測(cè)試已收集的主數(shù)據(jù)Testingwithconverteddata分兩個(gè)輪進(jìn)行測(cè)試（第一輪由核心團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行，第二輪由關(guān)鍵用戶完成）Conductedin2Cycles(1stforcoreteammemberand2ndforkeyuser)在QA環(huán)境中進(jìn)行測(cè)試TestintheQAenvironment9用戶接受測(cè)試UserAcceptanceTesting確認(rèn)系統(tǒng)滿足實(shí)施范圍中的業(yè)務(wù)需求Confirmsthatthesystemmeetsthebusinessrequirementsdeemedtobeinscopefortheimplementation測(cè)試各種業(yè)務(wù)情景Testingforallofbusinessscenarios.確認(rèn)從舊系統(tǒng)到新系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)遷移Validatedatamigratedfromlegacysystem(s)tothenewsystem在QA環(huán)境中由關(guān)鍵用戶在項(xiàng)目組幫助下完成測(cè)試ExecutedbykeyuserwiththehelpoftheprojectteamintheQAenvironment測(cè)試階段細(xì)節(jié)TestingStages-Details10上線模擬測(cè)試Go-liveSimulationTesting準(zhǔn)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境Pre-ProductionEnvironment切換演練PracticeCutover*檢驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果VerifyCutoverResults數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換DataConversions模擬補(bǔ)單BusinessTransactionInput上線模擬測(cè)試Go-liveSimulationTesting確認(rèn)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)環(huán)境滿足上線需求Confirmsthattheproductionsystemmeetsthego-liverequirements進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)切換演練Rehearsalforcutover.數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換培訓(xùn)及練習(xí)Dataconversiontrainingandpractice模擬補(bǔ)單并檢驗(yàn)切換結(jié)果Simulateinputtingbusinesstransactionandverifycutoverresults檢驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)切換策略和計(jì)劃Verifycutoverstrategyandplan11與其他工作的結(jié)合InteractionwithOtherWorkStreams單元測(cè)試UnitTesting集成測(cè)試IntegrationTesting用戶接受測(cè)試Useracceptancetesting上線模擬測(cè)試Go-liveSimulationTesting上線Go-live配置工作流ConfigurationStream培訓(xùn)工作流TrainingStream主數(shù)據(jù)工作流MasterDataStream開發(fā)工作流DevelopmentStream單一功能配置完成CompleteIndividualFunctionConfiguration業(yè)務(wù)集成配置完成CompleteBusinessIntegrationConfiguration配置全部完成CompleteAllConfiguration樣例數(shù)據(jù)收集完成CompleteSampleDataCollection60%數(shù)據(jù)收集完成Complete60%MasterDataCollection全部主數(shù)據(jù)收集完成CompleteAllofMasterDataCollection核心團(tuán)隊(duì)操作培訓(xùn),關(guān)鍵用戶第一輪操作培訓(xùn)CoreTeamSystemOperationTrainingand1stCycleOperationTrainingforKeyUser關(guān)鍵用戶第二輪操作培訓(xùn)2ndCycleKeyUserSystemOperationTraining關(guān)鍵用戶第三輪操作培訓(xùn)3rdCycleKeyUserSystemOperationTraining數(shù)據(jù)切換培訓(xùn)DataConversionTraining部分開發(fā)程序測(cè)試PartofDevelopmentTesting增強(qiáng)、接口、數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換開發(fā)程序測(cè)試Enhancement,

InterfaceandDataConversionDevelopmentTesting上線必要開發(fā)程序測(cè)試Go-liveObligatoryDevelopmentTesting動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換開發(fā)程序測(cè)試DynamicDataConversionDevelopmentTesting測(cè)試工作流TestingStream12測(cè)試環(huán)境TestEnvironments開發(fā)系統(tǒng)DEV原型，基本配置，單元測(cè)試Prototyping,BaseConfiguration,&UnitTesting測(cè)試系統(tǒng)QA集成測(cè)試和用戶接受測(cè)試的測(cè)試環(huán)境TestingEnvironmentforIntegrationTestingandUserAcceptanceTesting準(zhǔn)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)PRE-PRD模擬上線測(cè)試環(huán)境TestingEnvironmentforGo-liveSimulation生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)PRDProductionSystem132注意Notes:藍(lán)色箭頭表示系統(tǒng)新版本遷移的方向和順序，從QA系統(tǒng)復(fù)制到準(zhǔn)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，只能在集成測(cè)試之后進(jìn)行FullarrowsinbluerepresentthepathandsequenceformigrationofNewReleases.NewReleaseswillbemovedtothePre-PRDenvironmentonlyafterintegrationtestinghasbeencompleted.13測(cè)試控制流程TestingControlProcesses測(cè)試控制流程應(yīng)當(dāng)包括TestingControlProcessesinclude:測(cè)試計(jì)劃TestPlanning–計(jì)劃和準(zhǔn)備測(cè)試案例及腳本planningandpreparationoftestingcases/scripts測(cè)試執(zhí)行TestExecution–測(cè)試執(zhí)行及測(cè)試結(jié)果記錄testexecutionanddocumentationoftestresults缺陷管理DefectManagement–針對(duì)在測(cè)試過程中快速解決發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺陷或問題aimedatresolvingdefects/issuesdiscoveredduringtestingexpeditiously測(cè)試管理TestingManagement–測(cè)試計(jì)劃的跟進(jìn)，測(cè)試的準(zhǔn)備、執(zhí)行和結(jié)束Trackingprogressoftestplanning,preparation,execution,andwrap-up14測(cè)試計(jì)劃的制定ApproachforTestPlanning業(yè)務(wù)情景BusinessScenario業(yè)務(wù)流程BusinessProcess業(yè)務(wù)事務(wù)BusinessTransactionSAP事務(wù)SAPSystemTransaction非系統(tǒng)事務(wù)Non-SAPTransaction手工事務(wù)ManualTransaction業(yè)務(wù)情景BusinessScenario業(yè)務(wù)流程BusinessProcess業(yè)務(wù)事務(wù)Bus.Trans.業(yè)務(wù)流程BusinessProcess業(yè)務(wù)流程BusinessProcess業(yè)務(wù)事務(wù)Bus.Trans.業(yè)務(wù)事務(wù)Bus.Trans.業(yè)務(wù)事務(wù)Bus.Trans.業(yè)務(wù)事務(wù)Bus.Trans.業(yè)務(wù)事務(wù)Bus.Trans.業(yè)務(wù)事務(wù)Bus.Trans.業(yè)務(wù)事務(wù)Bus.Trans.業(yè)務(wù)事務(wù)Bus.Trans.設(shè)計(jì)集成測(cè)試的基礎(chǔ)BasisfordesigningIntegrationTests單元測(cè)試設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)BasisfordesigningUnitTests15測(cè)試計(jì)劃及執(zhí)行TestPlanning&Execution檢查需求，定義測(cè)試案例和情景ReviewReqts./IdentifyTestCases&Scenarios測(cè)試失敗TestFailed測(cè)試成功Testexecutedsuccessfully執(zhí)行測(cè)試腳本ExecuteTestScripts準(zhǔn)備測(cè)試環(huán)境PrepareTestEnvironment批準(zhǔn)測(cè)試計(jì)劃ApprovalofTestPlan確定測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)需求DefineDataRequirementsForTests建立測(cè)試腳本TestScripts確認(rèn)測(cè)試結(jié)果ApprovalofTestResults定義測(cè)試進(jìn)度DevelopofTestSchedule測(cè)試計(jì)劃Planning測(cè)試準(zhǔn)備Preparation執(zhí)行測(cè)試Execution總結(jié)Wrap-up確認(rèn)測(cè)試案例滿足需求ValidationofTestCases(MapToReqts,etc.)16缺陷管理流程DefectManagementProcess測(cè)試執(zhí)行ExecuteTest轉(zhuǎn)到變革控制RefertoChangeControlBoard測(cè)試步驟錯(cuò)誤日志TestStepFails–Log缺陷還是需求變更DefectorReqts.Change?完成修改并傳輸?shù)綔y(cè)試環(huán)境CompleteFix&MigrateToTestEnvt.更新測(cè)試腳本并提交執(zhí)行UpdateScript&resubmitforexecution變通解決ImplementWorkaround批準(zhǔn)解決？Approvedtoresolve?缺陷Defect需求變更Reqts.ChangeYesNo再次執(zhí)行測(cè)試Re-executeTest17測(cè)試管理-計(jì)劃和狀態(tài)報(bào)告

TestingManagement–Planning&StatusReporting測(cè)試計(jì)劃定義TestingScheduledeveloped按天定義測(cè)試時(shí)間表Testsscheduledbyday為每個(gè)測(cè)試分配資源Resourcesallocatedforeachtest每日召開例會(huì)進(jìn)行檢查和討論DailyMeetingstoreview/discuss在集成測(cè)試和用戶接受測(cè)試使用此方式ForIntegrationTesting在會(huì)議上定義缺陷的優(yōu)先級(jí)及后續(xù)決策DefectPrioritiesandfollow-uponresolution討論影響測(cè)試的其他問題Otherissuesimpactingtesting18測(cè)試組織TestingOrganization檢查需求，定義測(cè)試案例和情景ReviewReqts./IdentifyTestCases&Scenarios測(cè)試失敗TestFailed測(cè)試成功Testexecutedsuccessfully執(zhí)行測(cè)試腳本ExecuteTestScripts準(zhǔn)備測(cè)試環(huán)境PrepareTestEnvironment批準(zhǔn)測(cè)試計(jì)劃ApprovalofTestPlan確定測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)DefineTestingData建立測(cè)試腳本TestScripts確認(rèn)測(cè)試結(jié)果ApprovalofTestResults定義測(cè)試計(jì)劃DevelopofTestplan測(cè)試計(jì)劃Planning測(cè)試準(zhǔn)備Preparation執(zhí)行測(cè)試Execution總結(jié)Wrap-up確認(rèn)測(cè)試案例滿足需求ValidationofTestCases(MapToReqts,etc.)模塊經(jīng)理、顧問ModuleLeader,Consultant模塊經(jīng)理ModuleLeader核心團(tuán)隊(duì)成員CoreTeamMember核心團(tuán)隊(duì)成員CoreTeamMember測(cè)試經(jīng)理TestingLeader技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)TechnologyTeam項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理ProjectManager核心團(tuán)隊(duì)成員CoreTeamMember關(guān)鍵用戶KeyUser模塊經(jīng)理、顧問ModuleLeader,Consultant19測(cè)試組織TestingOrganization測(cè)試階段TestingStage輪次Cycle測(cè)試人員Tester指導(dǎo)人員Coacher單元測(cè)試UnitTest1核心團(tuán)隊(duì)CoreTeamMember顧問Consultant2關(guān)鍵用戶KeyUser核心團(tuán)隊(duì)CoreTeamMember集成測(cè)試IntegrationTest1核心團(tuán)隊(duì)CoreTeamMember顧問Consultant2關(guān)鍵用戶KeyUser核心團(tuán)隊(duì)CoreTeamMember用戶接受測(cè)試UserAcceptanceTest1關(guān)鍵用戶KeyUser核心團(tuán)隊(duì)CoreTeamMember上線模擬測(cè)試Go-liveSimulationTest1核心團(tuán)隊(duì)CoreTeamMember顧問Consultant顧問Consultant20測(cè)試工具TestingTools21測(cè)試類型TestingType層次Level手工測(cè)試案例ManualTestCases自動(dòng)測(cè)試案例AutomatedTestCases過程Procedure測(cè)試員自己維護(hù)系統(tǒng)測(cè)試執(zhí)行日志/狀態(tài)TestersusetheSystemTestExecutionlog/statusismaintainedbytester測(cè)試員啟動(dòng)CATT/eCATT燈工具，系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建執(zhí)行日志TestersstartCATT/eCATTSystemcreatesexecutionlogautomatically測(cè)試案例類型TestCaseTypes手工測(cè)試案例ManualTestCases外部程序ExternalApplication測(cè)試文檔TestDocumentCATT/eCATT測(cè)試案例描述TestCaseDescription使用SAP長(zhǎng)文本編輯器WiththeSAPScriptlongtexteditor使用MSOFFICE形成文檔上載到系統(tǒng)UploadedintotheSysteminMSOfficedocuments存儲(chǔ)在知識(shí)管理庫中的MSOFFICE文檔StoredintheKnowledgeWarehouse,inMSOfficedocumentsSAP長(zhǎng)文本編輯器WithSAPscriptlongtexteditor手工測(cè)試案例：使用MSOffice程序創(chuàng)建并保存在SM,知識(shí)倉庫中，用來確保詳細(xì)的文檔版本管理ManualTestCase:TestcaseiscreatedwithMSOfficeprogramsandsavedinSM,KnowledgeWarehouse.Thisensuresdetailedversionmanagementofthedocuments.手工測(cè)試案例(SAPScript):用SAPScript工具創(chuàng)建的測(cè)試案例，保存在SAP系統(tǒng)中，但不是知識(shí)管理組件中ManualTestCase(SAPScript):ThistypeofTestcaseiscreatedinSAPScriptingandisstoredintheSAPSystem(notKM).外部程序測(cè)試案例：包括文件或網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址鏈接Externalapplicationtestcases:ThecasetoincludefilesorURLs.CATT/eCATT:針對(duì)測(cè)試R/3事務(wù)的自動(dòng)測(cè)試案例，使用CATT/eCATT工具創(chuàng)建且能保存在SM中，測(cè)試結(jié)果也存在SM服務(wù)器,預(yù)期在上線模擬測(cè)試中使用AutomatedtestcasestotestR/3transaction,createdbyCATTcanbestoredinSM.ThetestresultsofsuchcasesarealsostoredintheSMserver.ExpectusingitinGo-livesimulationtest.22前提條件PrerequisiteSOLAR01需要在SM的藍(lán)圖中描繪流程所所用到的所有事務(wù)Itisnecessarytomaintainalltransactionsineachprocess23測(cè)試計(jì)劃包含分配事務(wù)的項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)圖ProjectstructurewithassignedTransactions建立測(cè)試計(jì)劃CreateTestPlanTestPackageTestPackageTestPackageTestPackageTestPackageTestPackage包含事務(wù)的藍(lán)圖BlueprintwithTransactions選擇測(cè)試事務(wù)SelectionofTransactions單元測(cè)試UnitTesting集成測(cè)試IntegrationTesting用戶接受測(cè)試UserAcceptanceTestingTest建立測(cè)試包并分配測(cè)試人員CreateandAssignTestPackagestoTestersTestTest測(cè)試執(zhí)行，缺陷記錄TestExecutionDefectcreation測(cè)試分析TestAnalysis24建立測(cè)試計(jì)劃TestPlanCreationSTWB_2測(cè)試計(jì)劃命名規(guī)則TestingPlanNamingConvention選中Checkthis“withtransactions”定義計(jì)劃時(shí)使用關(guān)鍵字“UT,IT,UAT”+模塊縮寫UseKeywordsforidentifyingUT,IT,UAT,etc.25選擇測(cè)試的事務(wù)SelectTransactionsneededtobetested生成計(jì)劃GeneratePlanSTWB_226建立測(cè)試包CreateTestPackageSTWB_2