高中英語新高考-閱讀理解：高三沖刺階段解題的講法探索——篇章模式預(yù)測和驗證（指導(dǎo)與解讀）1課型說明語篇結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測和驗證模型很簡單：1.閱讀語篇分類；2.語篇結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測（采用思維導(dǎo)圖形式）；3.讀中驗證；4.微觀建模解釋：1.首先要把閱讀理解分類，不能不分青紅皂白一鍋端，譬如科普說明文中的研究新成果的放一起，這樣集中有個對比，對語篇的表層解碼和深層認(rèn)知上能加深理解；2.在閱讀前，激發(fā)大家在黑板上用思維導(dǎo)圖形式預(yù)測這樣的語篇模式，這里教師要適當(dāng)提醒；3.讓學(xué)生對每一段進行總結(jié)，再和思維導(dǎo)圖的內(nèi)容進行配對；4.針對具體的語篇會有新的增加，譬如對話模式。

2

示范說明示范（去掉了題目）：這篇選自同類語篇結(jié)構(gòu)組題之一，了解了這篇后，其它各篇都會非常容易解決。Anewstudyfoundthatoverthelastdecade,atotalof830USchildrendiedfromflu.Ofthese,morethan40percentdidnothavemedicalconditionssuchas

asthma

(

哮喘)orheartdiseasethatwouldputthemathighriskofdeveloping

complications

(并發(fā)癥).What’smore,previouslyhealthychildrenwerenearlytwiceaslikelytodiefromflubeforetheywereadmittedtohospital,orwithinthreedaysofshowingsymptoms,comparedwithchildrenwhohadhigh-riskmedicalconditionsandgottheflu.Thestudystressesthefactthatallchildren,regardlessofageorpre-existingmedicalconditions,canpotentiallydevelopseverenewillnessfromthefluvirus.“Healthykidsareatrisktoo.Ithinkthat’ssomethingthatalotofpeopledon’trecognize,”saidstudyresearcherDrKarenWongoftheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC).“Peoplecangetverysickveryquickly,eveniftheydon’thaveapotentialmedicalcondition.”Thefindingsindicatetheimportanceofflu

vaccination

(

接種疫苗)forallchildrenaged6monthsandolder,theresearcherssaid.Ofthe511childrenwhodiedandwhoweresuitableforvaccination,just16percenthadreceivedaflushot.Thefindingsalsosuggestthatchildrenwhodevelopsevereillnessfromflu,whoarehospitalizedorwhoareathighriskofcomplications(suchasthoselessthan2yearsold)shouldreceivetreatmentwithanti-virusdrugsassoonaspossible,theresearcherssaid.ThestudyanalyzedinformationonchildfludeathsreportedtotheCDC.Duringthestudyperiod,thedeadliestfluseasonforchildrenwas2009to2010;overthattime,282childrendied.Themildestfluseasonwas2011to2012,inwhich35deathsoccurred.Themajorityofdeaths,57percent,occurredamongchildrenwithhigh-riskmedicalconditions.Ofthese,themostcommonlyreportedconditionwasaneurologicaldisorder,with33percentofthesechildrenhavingaconditionrelatedtothenervoussystem.Thiswasfollowedbylungdisorders(26percent),asthma(16percent)andgeneticdisorders(12percent).Itisespeciallyimportantthatchildrenwithhigh-riskmedicalconditionsreceiveflushotsbeforethefluseasonbegins,theresearcherssaid.It’snotclearwhypreviouslyhealthychildrenareatgreaterriskofdeathsoonafterthesymptomsstart.Buthealthykidsarealsomorelikelytohaveabacterialinfectionalongwiththeirfluinfection,whichmayhavecontributedtothedifferencesinoutcomesbetweenthetwogroups,theresearcherssaid.Step1:

跟學(xué)生說，今天我們解決科普說明文中的發(fā)明發(fā)現(xiàn)類的閱讀4篇，我重點和大家一起解決第一篇，后面幾篇采用快速閱讀技能鞏固模式。Step2:

圖式結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)測（黑板板書如下）新發(fā)現(xiàn)類的科普說明文語篇結(jié)構(gòu)思維導(dǎo)圖填充Step3:讀中驗證Para1:

研究的現(xiàn)象（foundthat…）Para2:

研究的結(jié)果（thefactthat…allchildrencan…）Para3:

引用話來證明結(jié)果（感情副詞：veryquickly）Para4:

研究的作用（theimportanceof…;childrenshouldreceivetreatment）Para5:

實驗的途徑（不用看具體的數(shù)據(jù)）Para6:實驗的結(jié)論（照應(yīng)前文）和實驗的未解問題這樣可以一一對應(yīng)：

這樣做的好處是，加深學(xué)生的圖式理解。還是要強調(diào)，最好是至少三篇同類的一起練習(xí)。Step4:微觀建模以上是大致對應(yīng)，但不同篇章會有一些小的不同，就需要和學(xué)生一起去探討：第一段：就是兩個個句子，重點看foundthat...,對于長句子一定要培養(yǎng)長句簡化能力，即：抓主干：atotalof...died....Morethan...didnothavemedicalconditions.第三段：這段是引用話語，主要證明上面的結(jié)論，可見：科普說明文中的引用不用太細(xì)看，只要抓住感情色彩詞即可：getsickveryquickly.感情色彩詞是比較容易命題點，用來出不同人的看法的細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段：要注意抓路標(biāo)詞also,這是暗示本段講到兩個層面。最后一句是一個層面，太長，必須培養(yǎng)學(xué)生長句簡化能力：主干：childrenshouldreceivetreatmentwith...assoonaspossible.再分析中間的定語從句。長句基本都會有命題點，本句