專題一冠詞重難點(diǎn)分析冠詞是一種虛詞，沒有詞義，不能單獨(dú)使用，放在名詞的前面，幫助說明名詞的含義。冠詞主要分為定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞。歷年高考試題對冠詞的考查涉及到冠詞的位置、不定冠詞、定冠詞、零冠詞及固定搭配中的冠詞等各個(gè)方面。下面我們以表格的形式對前四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行梳理總結(jié)。一、冠詞的位置考點(diǎn)示例1such/what/many/rather/quite+a(n)+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞quiteasmallhouse,suchalittleboy2how/however/so/too/as/that/this+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞soniceagirl3both/all/half/twice/double+the+名詞twicethesizeoftheroom4halfa(n)或ahalf+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞halfanhour/ahalfhour二、不定冠詞考點(diǎn)示例1表示泛指，與any同義Asquarehasfoursides.正方形有四邊。2表示數(shù)量“一”，與one同義，但其數(shù)的概念不如one強(qiáng)烈Hewillbebackinaweek.一周后，他就會回來了。3表示一類人或東西，與thesame同義Birdofafeatherflocktogether.物以類聚，人以群分。4表示“每一個(gè)”，與every,each,per同義Ivisitmyfatheronceamonth.我一個(gè)月見一次我爸爸。5表示“某一”，與acertain同義AMr.Smithiswaitingtoseeyou.一位斯密斯先生在等著要見你。6表示“像……似的”，與like同義HeisaLeiFenginourclass.他是我們班上的雷鋒。7用在某些物質(zhì)名詞前表示“一種、一陣、一份或一場”等Wehadaheavyrainlastnight.我們昨晚遇到了一場大雨。8用在某些抽象名詞前，使其具體化Youareagreathelptoyourmother.你幫了你母親一個(gè)大忙。三、定冠詞考點(diǎn)示例1特指上文提到過的、談話雙方都清楚的、受定語修飾的人或物ThereImetaforeigner,andtheforeignerhelpedmealot.Doyouknowthemanstandingbythewindow?2用于單數(shù)名詞前，指一類事物Thelionisawildanimal.3用于樂器名稱前playtheviolin/piano4用于世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前thesun,theearth,themoon5與某些形容詞連用表示一類人therich,thepoor,theyoung,theaged6用在序數(shù)詞和最高級前thefirstonetocometoschool,thebeststudentinourclass7在江河、湖海、山脈群島、海峽海岸的地名中TheChangjiangRiver,theWestLake,theEnglishChannel8在表示姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前、逢整十?dāng)?shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)前theBrowns,inthe1980s9在表示國家的形容詞前，泛指該國的人民theChinese,theEnglish10用在一些習(xí)慣用語中inthemorning,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenextyear四、零冠詞考點(diǎn)示例1專有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前China,America,GradeOne,ClassTwo,air,money,water2名詞前已有this,that,my,your,some,any等Godownthisstreet.3當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)Wearestudents.Ilikereadingstories.4成對名詞連用時(shí)dayafterday,facetoface5在球類、棋類、學(xué)科、語言、三餐名詞前playbasketball,playchess,likephysics,speakEnglish,atlunch6在季節(jié)、月份、星期或某些含Day的節(jié)假日等名詞前AutumnisthebestseasoninBeijing.InMay,NewYear’sDay,onSunday7在某些習(xí)慣用語中的名詞前atnoon,bybus,bytelephone,inbed,intime,gotobed,gotocollege五、英語中含有冠詞的詞組辨析英語中有不少詞組，從形式看好像只有冠詞之差，而實(shí)際上卻是意義完全不同的詞組。1.infrontof在……（外）的前面；inthefrontof在……（內(nèi)）的前面Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一個(gè)花園。（外）Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一塊黑板。（內(nèi)）2.inchargeof掌管、負(fù)責(zé)；inthechargeof在……負(fù)責(zé)之下Anexperiencedworkerisinchargeoftheproject.一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。Theprojectisinthechargeofanexperiencedworker.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目由一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的工人負(fù)責(zé)。3.attable在進(jìn)餐、吃飯時(shí)；atthetable在桌旁Heseldomtalksattable.吃飯時(shí)他很少說話。Theysatatthetable,talkingandlaughing.他們坐在桌旁，邊說邊笑。4.byday白天、日間；bytheday按日計(jì)Heworksinanofficebyday.他白天在辦公室工作。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesgetpaidbytheday.大城市的清潔女工按日獲得報(bào)酬。5.takeplace發(fā)生、舉行；taketheplace(of)代替、接替Whendidthisconversationtakeplace?這次談話什么時(shí)候進(jìn)行的？Electrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinourcountry.在我們國家，電力火車已經(jīng)取代了蒸汽火車。6.inwords用語言；inaword總之Pleaseexpressyourthoughtsinwords.請用言語表達(dá)你的想法。Inaword,Idon’ttrustyou.總之，我不相信你。7.attimes有時(shí)、不時(shí)；atatime一次Idofeelalittlenervousattimes.有時(shí)我確實(shí)感到有些緊張。Passmethebrickstwoatatime.每次遞給我兩塊磚。8.little少、不多的；alittle一些、一點(diǎn)兒Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.快點(diǎn)，時(shí)間不多了。Don’thurry,youstillhavealittletime.不用急，你還有時(shí)間。9.few很少、幾乎沒有的；afew有些、幾個(gè)Heisamanoffewwords.他是一個(gè)少言寡語的人。Onlyafewofthechildrencanread.只有幾個(gè)孩子會閱讀。10.amostinteresting非常有趣的；themostinteresting最有趣的（形容詞的最高級）Thisisamostinterestingstory.這是一個(gè)非常有趣的故事。Thisisthemostinterestingstoryofthethree.這是三個(gè)故事中最有趣的一個(gè)。11.adoctorandnurse一位醫(yī)生兼護(hù)士；adoctorandanurse一位醫(yī)生和一位護(hù)士adoctorandnurseisstandingthere.一位兼護(hù)士的醫(yī)生正站在那兒。adoctorandanursearestandingthere.一位醫(yī)生和一位護(hù)士正站在那兒。12.anumberof許多、好些；thenumberof……的數(shù)目（后面的謂語動詞用單數(shù)）Anumberofstudentsareintheclassroom.許多學(xué)生在教室里。Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomisforty.教室里有40個(gè)學(xué)生?？键c(diǎn)練透一、單句填空用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空，不需要的劃“/”。1.—hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?—Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn’t__________Mr.Smithhere.2.Iknowyoudon’tlike__________musicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkof__________musicinthefilmwesawyesterday?3.—Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover__________keyboard.—Youshouldn’tputdrinksnear__________computer.4.Ofall__________reasonsformydecisiontobecomeauniversityprofessor,myfather’sadvicewas__________mostimportantone.5.Accordingto__________WorldHealthOrganization,health-careplansareneededinallbigcitiestoprevent__________spreadofAIDS.6.Forhim__________stageisjust__________meansofmakingaliving.7.Ithinkifreally__________honorformetospeakhere.8.Thislabusedtobein__________chargeofMr.Wang.9.Iknowthereis__________Mr.Smithnextdoor,whohasgoneon__________business.10.Hedevotesmostofhistimeto__________football.AndIamsurehepromises__________excellentfootballer.11.Don’tloseheart.Pleasehave__________secondtry.12.Thosewhoarerichshouldhelp__________poor.13.Insomefactoriesworkersgetpaidby__________piece.14.Johnis__________universitystudentfrom__________Europeancountry.15.Teachersplay__________activeandimportantpartinbuildingupstudents’character.16.__________Zhangsliveonthesecondfloor.17.Itisknowntousallthat__________lighttravelsfasterthan__________sound.18.Atowerisseenin__________distance.19.Incaseoffire,pleasepress__________redbutton.20.Shenzhenhas__________populationofmorethan10million.21.__________daysIspentwithMaryinShanghaiweresowonderful.22.Mybrotherwasbornin__________springof1990.23.Howsweetlyshesings!Ihaveneverheard__________bettervoice.24.Beijingis__________secondlargestcityinChina.25.MytriptoTibetwasreally__________unforgettableexperience.二、語篇填空在括號中填入適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~。Thereoncewasakingwhooffered1prizeto2artistwhowouldpaint3bestpictureofpeace.Manyartiststried.Thekinglookedatall4pictures.Buttherewereonlytwohereallyliked,andhehadtochoosebetweenthem.Onepicturewasofacalmlake.Thelakewasaperfectmirrorforpeacefulhighmountainsallaroundit.Overheadwasablueskywithfluffy(絨毛狀的)whiteclouds.Allwhosawthispicturethoughtitwas5perfectpictureofpeace.Theotherpicturehadmountains,too.Butthesewereruggedandbare.Abovewas6angrysky,fromwhichrainfellandinwhichlightningplayed.Down7sideofthemountaintumbled(翻騰)afoamingwaterfall.Thisdidnotlookpeacefulatall.Butwhenthekinglookedclosely,hesawbehind8waterfallatinybushgrowinginacrackintherock.Inthebush9motherbirdhadbuilthernest.There,inthemidstofthebushofangrywater,satthemotherbirdonhernest—inperfectpeace.Thekingchose10secondpicture.三、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。MostofusknowabouttheNobelPrize,especiallytheNobelPeacePrize,butfewofusknowanythingaboutthemanwhosetthemup.HisnamewasAlfredNobel,1outstandingscientistandinventor.Besides,hehadabigbusiness2makingandsellingexplosives,whichmaysurpriseyou.Hiscompaniesevenmadeandsoldweapons.Isn’tthissomething3surprisesyou?ThemanwhomademoneyfromweaponsshouldsetupthePeacePrize?4AlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons,hehatedwar.Hehopedthattherewouldbenowarintheworld.Hewasoneofthe5(rich)inEurope.Whenhediedin1896,heleftbehindhimalotofmoneyandhisfamouswill.Accordingtohiswill,mostofhismoneywasplacedinafund.Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.Weknowthem6theNobelPrizes.TheNobelPrizesareinternational.AlfredNobelwantedthe7(win)tobechosenfortheirwork,notthecountry8camefrom.AlfredNobel9(give)hiswholelifetohisstudiesandworkandtothebenefitsofmankind.Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts,10helefttheworldsharehiswealth.Hisinventionsandwealthstaywiththeworldforever.助讀詞匯explosiven.炸藥fundn.基金outstandingadj.杰出的weaponn.武器willn.遺囑interestn.利息；收益benefitn.利益effortsn.努力setup設(shè)立；建立leavebehind留下參考答案考點(diǎn)練透一、單句填空1.a2./;the3.the;a4.the;the5.the;the6.the;a7.an8.the9.a;/10./;an11.a