2023年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)話(huà)題語(yǔ)篇專(zhuān)攻練16科普發(fā)明（一）外研版PAGEPAGE8話(huà)題語(yǔ)篇專(zhuān)攻練16科普創(chuàng)造(一)(建議用時(shí)40分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2022·洛陽(yáng)模擬)Amanentersastoretobuymilk.Hewalksoutofthestorewithmilk.Thatisall—milk.Atthesametime,awomanentersthesamegrocerystorealsotobuymilk.Shebuysit.But,shealsobuyschickenandlemonstomakedinnerthatnight.Shealsogetsabottleofwinefordrinkswithfriendsandabirthdaycardforherhusband’sniece.Andthatisthedifferencebetweenthefemaleandmalebrainssimplyexplainedinagrocerystore.Generallyspeaking,mendoonethingatatime.Womendomany.Doingmanythingsatonetimeisoftencalled“multi-tasking〞,averypopularwordthesedays.Nowscientificresearchsupportsthistheoryaboutmaleandfemalebrains.Arecentstudyhasconfirmedwhatwehaveknownallalong—menandwomenthinkdifferently.ScientistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniastudiedbrainimagesof949peopleagedfrom8to22yearsold.Theyfoundthatmalebrainshavemoreconnectionsononesideofthebrain,orhemisphere.Inthefemalebrain,theyfoundmoreactivityandconnectionsbetweentherightandleftsidesofthebrain.Theleftsideofthebrainisknownasthesideof“reason〞.Therighthemisphereisknownasthe“creative〞side.ReginaVermaisaprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Sheco-wrotethereport.Shesayswhenwomenareaskedtodosomethingcomplicatedtheymightusedifferentpartsofthebrain.Butmengenerallyusejustone.Asaresult,mengenerallydealdirectlywithaproblem.Thereisastrongconnectionbetweenthe“understanding〞andthe“action〞partsoftheirbrains.Women,however,mightincludeotherpartsofthebrain,likethepartconnectedwith“reason〞andthepartconnectedwithsensitivitywhensolvingaproblem.Womentakealessdirectpathtofindasolution.Thanksforyourlistening.I’myourannouncerAnnaMatteo.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普類(lèi)文章,講述了男女大腦的構(gòu)造不同。生活中男性更加理性、單一而直接地執(zhí)行某一任務(wù),而女性在同一時(shí)間習(xí)慣做很多事情。1.FromParagraph1,wecanlearnthatwomen______.A.aremorehard-workingthanmenB.aremoremulti-taskingthanmenC.aremorecarefulthanmenD.goshoppingmorethanmen【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后提到的Generallyspeaking,mendoonethingatatime.Womendomany.Doingmanythingsatonetimeisoftencalled“multi-tasking〞...可知B正確。2.Whenaskedtodosomethingcomplicated,men______.A.onlyusethe“reason〞sideofthebrainB.onlyusethe“creative〞sideofthebrainC.usedifferentpartsofthebrainD.useonepartofthebrain【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句可知選D。3.Themainpurposeofthepassageistotellus______.A.thatmenandwomenreallythinkdifferentlyB.whowanttogoshoppingmore,menorwomenC.whywomenwanttodomanythingsatonetimeD.thatmenandwomenallliketodrinkmilk【解析】選A。主旨大意題。本文主要講述男女大腦的不同導(dǎo)致行為的不同。BAJapanesetelecomcompanyhasreleasedarobotthatitsayshasemotions.Butratherthanruninfearfromit,we’vewelcomeditintoourhomes:Pepper,the“emotionalrobot〞,soldoutwithinaminuteofgoingonsale.CreatedbyAldebaranRoboticsandJapanesemobilegiantSoftBank,PepperwentonsaletothegeneralpublicinJapanonJune20.Itis“thefirsthumanoid(類(lèi)人的)robotdesignedtolivewithhumans,〞Aldebaransaysonitswebsite.Peppercostsabout$1,600.Andlikeallgoodmobileproducts,there’sa$120permonthdatafee,aswellasan$80permonthdamageinsurancefee.Accordingtoanewsrelease,Peppercanpickuponhumanemotionsandcreatehisownusinga“multi-layerneuralnetwork〞.Pepper’stouchsensorsandcamerasaresaidtoinfluenceitsmood,whichisdisplayedonthetablet-sizedscreenonitschest.Pepperwillsighwhenunhappy,andcangoaroundyourhouserecordingyourfamily’sdailyactivity.AldebaransaysPeppercanfeel“joy,surprise,anger,doubtandsadness〞,butitdoesn’tsayhowstronglyitcanfeeltheseemotions.WhathappenswhenPepperishavingabadday?Willit,likemanyhumans,becomeuncooperative?Willitaskforsometimealone?Whathappensifitfiguresoutthatitspurposeinlifeisjusttoengageinsmalltalk?Thankfully,Pepperisonlyaboutfourfeettall,withrollerballsinsteadoflegs,soifitisangrywithandeventurnsonitsowners,you’llbesafeifyoucanmakeitupstairs.Aldebaransaysinreality,they’reprobablyquiteafewdecadesawayfromartificialintelligencethatcouldgeneraterealemotions.Aldebaranwasn’timmediatelyavailableforcommentonwhenPepperwillbeavailableoutsideofJapan,butadditionalsalesarescheduledforJulyafterthefirst1,000unitssellout.SoftBankcurrentlyusestherobotsinitsstoresasgreeters,anditplanstoofferPeppertootherstoresinthefuture.Hopefully“boredom〞isnotanemotionPeppercanfeel.【文章大意】本文介紹了日本的一家電信公司發(fā)布了一臺(tái)“情感機(jī)器人〞,闡述了情感機(jī)器人的使用消費(fèi)、功能以及未來(lái)的前景。4.Accordingtotheauthor,Pepper______.A.isverypopularamongcustomersB.cannotonlyrunbutalsoshowfearC.isgoingtobesoldallovertheworldD.candealwithmanykindsofhousework【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Pepper,the“emotionalrobot〞,soldoutwithinaminuteofgoingonsale.可知,Pepper非常受消費(fèi)者歡送。5.HowmuchdoyouneedtopayforPepper’sdatafeeanddamageinsurancefeeeachyear?A.80dollars. B.120dollars.C.1,440dollars. D.2,400dollars.【解析】選D。數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第二段中的...there’sa$120permonthdatafee,aswellasan$80permonthdamageinsurancefee.可知,每年用于Pepper的datafeeanddamageinsurancefee為(120+80)×12=2400。應(yīng)選D。6.Pepper’sheightandrollerballsarementionedto______.A.introduceitsappearanceB.tellusPepperwon’tgetangryC.showthatsafetyisn’tabigissueD.explainrobotshavestrongemotions【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的...Pepperisonlyaboutfourfeettall,withrollerballsinsteadoflegs,soifitisangrywithandeventurnsonitsowners,you’llbesafeifyoucanmakeitupstairs.可知,介紹Pepper的heightandrollerballs是為了說(shuō)明平安不是大問(wèn)題。應(yīng)選C。7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Peppercannotproducerealemotions.B.Peppercanfeeljoy,surpriseandboredom.C.Pepperwillbesoldinothercountriesnextyear.D.Pepperisbeingusedaswaitersinsomerestaurants.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Aldebaransaysinreality,they’reprobablyquiteafewdecadesawayfromartificialintelligencethatcouldgeneraterealemotions.可推斷,Pepper現(xiàn)在不能產(chǎn)生真正的情感。應(yīng)選A。Ⅱ.完形填空Doyoucheckyourworkemailswhenyou’reonholiday?Doyoucallyour__1__toaskwhat’shappeningintheofficeevenon8daysoff?Tobe__2__,Ido.WhenIseenosignalonmymobilephoneinashoppingcentreornowi-fibythebeach,Iget__3__.Yes,I’m__4__towork.Technologyfuelsourneedtostay__5__allthetime.Portablegadgets__6__ustoworkfromhome,__7__fromthenine-to-fiveroutineenduredbyourparents.__8__theyalsomakeitmoredifficultforusto__9__andrechargeour“batteries〞.Indeed,notall__10__wantustobeconnectedallthetime.GermancarmakerDaimler,__11__,hasofferedtoautomaticallydeleteemailssenttoemployeeswhilethey’re__12__.Thesenderoftheemailreceivesamessageaskinghimtogetin__13__withanotheremployeewho’sonduty,ortore-sendthemessageatalaterdate.Theresponsetothisserviceisbasically__14__with99%oftheemployeesconsideringit“verygood〞.Occupationalpsychologistshavebeenstudyingworkers’inabilitytorelaxwhen__15__duty.Theyfoundanumberofpeoplewere__16__becausetheyweretravelingwithtechnologywhichallowsthemtoremainconnectedwithworkallthetime.However,employersandemployeesalikeare__17__thatwe’remoreproductiveifwegetthework-lifebalanceright.Anapptodealwiththisproblemhasbeencreated.Ifyouareworriedaboutspendingtoomuchtimeonyoursmartphone,thisappisto__18__yourusage.Theapp__19__youifyougobeyondacertainlimit.Perhapsweshouldalltakesometimeouttoconsider__20__we’readdictedtowork,oraddictedtotechnology,orboth.It’sgoodtoswitchoffonceinawhile.【文章大意】當(dāng)代社會(huì),很多人對(duì)工作上癮,對(duì)一些現(xiàn)代科技上癮。作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象做些改變,并介紹了一款可以控制使用的程序。1.A.colleagues B.relativesC.parents D.specialists【解析】選A。背景常識(shí)題。詢(xún)問(wèn)辦公室發(fā)生的事情當(dāng)然是問(wèn)同事而不是其他的人。2.A.exact B.certain C.honest D.positive【解析】選C。習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配題。說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà),我是這樣的。tobehonest說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)。3.A.excited Brelaxed C.touched D.anxious【解析】選D。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。如果我發(fā)現(xiàn)在商城里沒(méi)有信號(hào),或者在海灘上沒(méi)有wi-fi,我會(huì)很著急。anxious著急的。4.A.blind B.addicted C.familiar D.similar【解析】選B。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。是的,我對(duì)工作上癮。下文提到了addicted這一單詞。 5.A.devoted B.discouragedC.connected D.confused【解析】選C。詞語(yǔ)辨析題?？萍甲屛覀円恢北３致?lián)系。devoted忠誠(chéng)的;discouraged泄氣的;connected有聯(lián)系的;confused困惑的。6.A.allow B.force C.persuade D.drive【解析】選A。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。便攜式設(shè)備允許我們?cè)诩依镛k公,這使我們免于父輩們朝九晚五的工作慣例的束縛。allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事。7.A.free B.absent C.tired D.far【解析】選A。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。freefrom免于。8.A.Therefore B.Otherwise C.Instead D.However【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。上句表達(dá)了便攜設(shè)備的優(yōu)勢(shì),而下文那么講了它們的缺點(diǎn),故用however。9.A.concentrate B.continueC.relax D.succeed【解析】選C。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。然而它們讓我們很難放松并恢復(fù)精力。10.A.friends B.employersC.customers D.assistants【解析】選B。邏輯推理題。事實(shí)上,并不是所有的雇主都希望我們一直保持聯(lián)系。從下句中的carmaker可知答案。11.A.forexample B.orratherC.tomakeitworse D.justincase【解析】選A。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。此處以“Daimler〞為例。12.A.incharge B.onholidayC.withinreach D.atwork【解析】選B。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。德國(guó)汽車(chē)制造商Daimler會(huì)主動(dòng)刪除發(fā)給在度假的員工的郵件。onholiday在度假,符合語(yǔ)境。13.A.touch B.trouble C.line D.effect【解析】選A。詞語(yǔ)搭配題。郵件發(fā)送者會(huì)收到要求其與值班員工聯(lián)系的信息。getintouchwith與……取得聯(lián)系,固定搭配。14.A.special B.casual C.popular D.positive【解析】選D。邏輯推理題。下文提到了99%的員工認(rèn)為這一做法很好,故對(duì)這一做法的反響是“積極的〞。15.A.on B.off C.with D.at【解析】選B。習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配題。offduty歇班的時(shí)候。16.A.cutoff B.settleddownC.wornout D.putaway【解析】選C。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人會(huì)筋疲力盡,因?yàn)樗麄兌燃俚臅r(shí)候攜帶著可以使自己與工作隨時(shí)聯(lián)系的設(shè)備。wornout筋疲力盡的。17.A.pretending B.realizingC.questioning D.blaming【解析】選B。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。然而,雇主和員工同樣認(rèn)識(shí)到如果工作和生活得到平衡,那么我們的工作效率就會(huì)更高。18.A.complete B.ruin C.control D.improve【解析】選C。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。如果你擔(dān)憂(yōu)會(huì)在智能上花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間,這個(gè)應(yīng)用程序會(huì)控制你的使用。19.A.recognizes B.amusesC.confirms D.warns【解析】選D。詞語(yǔ)辨析題。如果你對(duì)的使用超出一定限制,這個(gè)程序就會(huì)警告你。20.A.that B.whether C.when D.where【解析】選B。詞語(yǔ)辨析題?；蛟S我們應(yīng)該拿出些時(shí)間考慮一下我們是否對(duì)工作或科技上癮。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Whatshouldyoudoifyouarenotabletosleep?Thebestthingistotrytoavoidbadhabits.Ifyoualwaysgotobedandgetupataboutthesametime,thissetsa1._______(health)rhythminyourlife.Don’tdrinkcaffeinedrinksintheeveningwhichcanalsokeepyouawake.Youmayhavetrouble2.________(sleep)ifyouhaveaheavymealjustbeforeyougotobed.Youmayalsofinditdifficult3.________(get)tosleepifyouhaveaproblemorsomethingelseinyourmind.Thisis4.________youneedtorelax.Asyoulieinbed,tensethemusclesinyourfeetandthenrelax5.________.Continue